GCSE PE

The Muscular System

Muscles and Movement.

Aims:

To know the different muscle types in our body.

To understand the different types of muscular contractions.

To know the roles of the different muscles during a sporting action.

Starter ActivityLabel the diagram of the synovial joint

and self mark your paper

What are the 3 Different types of muscle found within our body? Skeletal – Voluntary

Cardiac – Involuntary

Smooth – Involuntary

This topic focuses upon voluntary skeletal muscle.

Voluntary MusclesAlso known as Skeletal MusclesAttached to the skeleton and help to

make the body shape.They cause movement and are controlled

by ourselves. Basically moves when we tell it to…

Attached to bones by TENDONS

Involuntary Also known as SMOOTHFound in the walls of the BLOOD

VESSELS and the in the GUT.They stretchWork automatically and is not under our

conscious control

CARDIACThis muscle only found in the HEART. Its job is to PUMP BLOOD round the

body. It adjusts it’s speed as a needed and

works AUTOMATICALLY at all times

Muscle Game Stick the labels onto your partner

( however some of them need to be stuck on by themselves

Add the muscles names to your diagram

Bicep HamstringsTricep GlutealsDeltoid Latissimus DorsiPectorals External ObliqiesTrapeziusAbdominalsGastrocnemiusQuadriceps

HOW DO MUSCLES WORK?

IN PAIRS DISCUSS HOW YOU THINK

MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS ?

Muscles work by CONTRACTION and RELAXATION

How muscles work Muscle work in PAIRSWhilst ONE CONTRACTSThe other RELAXES

Called working ANTAGONISTICALLY

ANTAGONISTICALLY

The AGONIST ( PRIME MOVER) is the muscle doing the work.

The ANTAGONIST is the muscle that REALXES to let movement take effect.

The SYNERGISTSThe SYNERGISTS are muscles that

assist in the action of the PRIME MOVER.

They STABILISE THE JOINT, preventing undesirable movement.

How the Muscles Move Muscles are attached to two different bones by

tendons. When the muscle contracts only one bone moves.

The place where the muscle is attached to the stationary bone is called the ORIGIN. The place where the muscle is attached to the moving bone is called the INSERTION.

ORIGININSERTION

For the bicep curl exercise, which muscles form the; agonist, antagonist

and fixator? (flexion of the elbow)

Agonist muscle: Directly responsible for the movement at a joint. E.g. Biceps.

Antagonist: Opposing action to that of the agonist. E.g. Triceps.

Fixator: Allows the agonist to work effectively by stabilising the origin of the agonist. E.g. deltoid.

Task.With a partner; act out a number of

different sporting actions. E.g. kicking a ball, chest pass etc.

Draw a diagram of this action. Identify the : Agonist, Antagonist and

Fixator muscles involved with this movement.

The two main types of muscular contraction

Isotonic Isometric

No movement.

Movement occurs.

Eccentric = lengthening.Concentric = shortening.

The role of muscle contractions. Isotonic – concentric contraction

occurs in agonist muscles. Isotonic – eccentric contraction occurs

in antagonist muscles. Isometric contraction occurs in fixator

muscles which stabilise joints aiding muscle movement.

What are the 3 different types of muscle?What is the difference between the origin

and the insertion?Name 3 different activities that would

require a high percentage of fast twitch fibres.

Name 2 different antagonistic pairs of muscles and the movements they make.

Homework Learn the different muscles within the

body. I will be testing you next lesson.Visit wiki-spaces for your homework.