NOTE

OISD publications are prepared for use in the Oil & Gas industry under Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Govt. of India. These are the property of Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas and shall not be reproduced or copied and loaned or exhibited to others without written consent from OISD.

Though every effort has been made to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in these documents, OISD hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from their use.

These documents are intended to supplement rather than replace the prevailing statutory requirements.

FOREWARD

The oil industry in India is nearly 100 years old. As such a variety of practices have been in vogue because of collaboration/association with different foreign companies and governments. Standardization in design philosophies and operating and maintenance practices at a national level was hardly in existence. This, coupled with feedback from some serious accidents that occurred in the recent past in India and abroad, emphasized the need for the industry to review the existing state of art in designing, operating, and maintaining oil and gas installations.

With this in view, Oil Industry Safety Directorate (OISD) was established in 1986 staffed from within the industry in formulating and implementing a series of self regulatory measures aimed at removing obsolescence, standardizing and upgrading the existing standards to ensure safer operations. Accordingly, OISD constituted a number of functional committees comprising of experts nominated by the industry to draw up standards and guidelines on various subjects.

The present document on “Selection, Training & Placement of Fire Operators in Hydrocarbon Industry” is the first edition of the document prepared by the Functional Committee on "Fire Fighting & Safety". This document is prepared based on the accumulated knowledge and experience of industry members and the various national and international codes and accepted practices. It is hoped that the provisions of this document will go a long way to improve the safety and reduce accidents in Oil & Gas Industry.

This document will be reviewed periodically for improvements based on the new

experiences and better understanding. Suggestions may be addressed to :-

The Coordinator Committee on 'Fire Fighting & Safety'

Oil Industry Safety Directorate 7th Floor, New Delhi House,

27, Barakhamba Road, Connaught Place, New Delhi – 110001

FUNCTIONAL COMMITTEE

(First Edition : July’2008) ______________________________________________________________________________ Name Organization ______________________________________________________________________________ Leader

Shri A. A. Raichur Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai. Members 1. Shri S. P. Garg GAIL (India) Limited, New Delhi. 2. Shri G. B. Tolmare Indian Oil Corporation Limited, New Delhi. 3. Shri G. C. Kundu Indian Oil Corporation Limited, Panipat. 4. Shri S. N. Mukherjee Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Mumbai. 5. Shri P. K. Bora Bongaigaon Refineries & Petrochemical Limited, Bongaigaon. 6. Shri J. P. K. Hepat Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited, Chennai. 7. Shri A. K. Das Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited, Kochi. 8. Shri Maroof A. Sheikh Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Limited, New Delhi. Coordinator Shri B. R. Gadekar Oil Industry Safety Directorate, New Delhi. ______________________________________________________________________________ In addition to the above, several other experts from industry contributed in the preparation, review and finalization of this document.

OISD-GDN-228

SELECTION, TRAINING & PLACEMENT OF FIRE OPERATORS

IN HYDROCARBON & PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY

INDEX

SECTION DESCRIPTION 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Objective 3.0 Scope 4.0 Definition 5.0 Essential & Desirable Qualifications 5.1 Essential Qualifications 5.2 Desirable Qualifications 6.0 Physical Measurement Standards 7.0 Medical Fitness Norms 8.0 Training Requirements 8.1 Training Responsibility 8.2 Identification of Training Needs 8.3 Training Materials 8.4 Training Implementation 8.5 Training Tests 8.6 Refresher Training 8.7 Effectiveness of Training 9.0 Training Evaluation 9.1 Evaluator’s Selection 9.2 Evaluation Materials & Criteria 9.2.1 Evaluation Content Validity 9.2.2 Evaluation Criteria 9.4 Evaluation Method Selection 9.4.1 Written Evaluation 9.4.2 Interview Evaluation 9.4.3 Performance Evaluation 10.0 Placement of Fire Operators 11.0 Documentation 12.0 References ANNEXURE Annexure – I : Subject Contents For Training Fire Operators. Annexure – II : Appliances/Rescue/Fire Drills & Physical Exercises For Fire Operators. Annexure – III : Simulated Fire Demonstrations For Fire Operators. Annexure – IV : Typical Physical Ability Tests For Fire Operators. Annexure – V : Typical Evaluation Criteria For Use Of Fire Extinguisher.

SELECTION, TRAINING & PLACEMENT OF FIRE OPERATORS IN

HYDROCARBON & PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY 1.0 INTRODUCTION The underlying principle in quick

extinction of any hydrocarbon fire lies in prompt response, preparedness and efficiency of both men and machines. This is achieved through deployment of trained fire fighting personnel and availability of efficient fire service appliances. In spite of this, chances of human errors due to improper selection and inadequate training of fire operators can not be fully ruled out. It is, therefore, of vital importance that fire operators are carefully selected, thoroughly trained and placed.

Keeping this in view, these guidelines are developed for selection, training & placement of fire operators. The guidelines have been formulated based on the accepted practices prevalent in Hydrocarbon (Onshore Oil & Gas Fields, Off-shore Platforms, Refineries, Gas Processing Plants, Group Gathering Stations, Oil Jetties & Elevated Structures and Major Pipeline Installations/POL Terminals) & Petrochemical Industry and standard fire service practices as well as fire appliances/squad drills followed in Indian Fire Service.

2.0 OBJECTIVE

The purpose of these guidelines is to establish requirements for the selection, training, placement and refresher training for fire operators. The implementation of these guidelines is intended to help minimize human error on fire ground that would impact the safety of all concerned and also bring about a complete uniformity in selection, placement & training criteria for fire

operators so as to achieve quick response, efficiency & confidence amongst them.

3.0 SCOPE The guidelines establish the

requirements for developing and maintaining an effective program for fire operator’s selection, training & placement utilizing accepted industry practices.

The guidelines also offer guidance to meet the selected requirements. The guidelines specify the requirements for identifying tasks that impact the fire ground operations for qualifying individuals to perform these tasks and maintaining their qualifications. These guidelines also permit qualification exemptions only when provisions for validating the correct performance of identified tasks exist. The guidelines are applicable to new recruits and will also help in enhancing the knowledge & skills of the existing fire operators. Further, these guidelines shall be applicable to fire operators in Hydrocarbon & Petrochemical Industry only. Wherever, fire service department is clubbed with safety department, the role of fire operator may be modified suitably to meet the local requirement.

4.0 DEFINITION 4.1 Ability : The mental and physical

capacity to perform a task. 4.2 Application : Utilization of

requirements and principles for performing a task under variety of circumstances.

4.3 Comprehension : Translation and explanation of the requirements for performing a task.

4.4 Documentation : The act of

completing & submitting required records and documents in an accurate and thorough manner when required.

4.5 Evaluation : A process established

to determine an individual’s ability to perform a task.

4.6 Evaluation Criteria : The specific

knowledge and skill an individual must possess and demonstrate to be qualified to perform a task.

4.7 Evaluation Instrument : The

materials that are used to conduct an evaluation, including but not limited to written, interview and performance evaluation materials.

4.8 Evaluator : An individual selected or

credentialed to conduct performance or interview evaluations to determine whether an individual is qualified.

4.9 Expert : An individual who

possesses knowledge and experience in the discipline he represents.

4.10 Fire Operator : An individual who is

qualified & trained to perform fire fighting, rescue and other fire services tasks skillfully & efficiently.

4.11 Job : A unit of work composed of

one or more tasks. 4.12 Knowledge : A body of information

applied directly to the performance of a task.

4.13 On-Job-Training : Instructions at or

near the work setting. Work setting is one that replicates the work environment to a sufficient degree to reflect performance on the job.

4.14 Performance : Demonstration of the

knowledge, skills and abilities required to complete a task.

4.15 Qualified : An individual who has been evaluated and can perform assigned task and recognize & react to abnormal operating conditions.

4.16 Skill : The ability to perform learned

mental and physical activities acquired or developed through training or experience to accomplish a task.

4.17 Refresher Training : A process to

evaluate an individual for continued job qualification who is currently qualified to perform a assigned task.

4.18 Task : A defined unit of work, having

an identifiable beginning and end and specific actions that are observable and measurable.

4.19 Training : Instructing individual(s)

using material(s) designed to convey the knowledge and skills necessary to perform an identified task.

4.20 Training Program : The written

description of objectives, scope, processes, procedures, training materials and training tests that establish and document training.

4.21 Shall indicates that provision is

mandatory. 4.22 Should indicates that provision is

recommendatory. 4.23 May indicates that provision is

optional. 5.0 ESSENTIAL & DESIRABLE

QUALIFICATIONS 5.1 Essential Qualifications

The fire operator shall be recruited by selection on the basis of following minimum qualifying requirements :-

i) At least matriculate with minimum

50% marks from a Board or an Institute recognized by State/Central Govt.

ii) Six Months “Basic Fire Fighting Course ” from a Board or an Institute recognized by State/Central Govt.

iii) Age not less than 18 years & not

more than 27 years for lowest grade.

iv) Have working knowledge of Local Language & Hindi/English i.e. he must be able to speak, read and write with fluency.

v) Be successful in the following

evaluations :-

· Written test. · Physical measurements. · Physical ability fitness. · Interview. · Medical fitness.

5.2 Desirable Qualifications

The preference should be given to the candidates having following qualifications :-

i) Certificate in “Diploma in Industrial Safety” from a Board or an Institute recognized by State/Central Govt.

ii) Possess valid license for driving

heavy goods vehicle and experience certificate in fire service, if any.

iii) Possess valid certificate from a Club

or a Board or an Institute recognized by State/Central Govt. in :-

· First Aid · Swimming/Diving. · Rope Work, Knots & Rescue

Techniques. 6.0 PHYSICAL MEASUREMENT

STANDARDS

The fire operator shall fulfill the following requirements :-

i) Height (Min.) : 165 cm. (Relaxable by 5 cm. for candidate from hilly areas).

ii) Weight (Min.) : 50 kg. iii) Chest (Min.) : Normal - 81 cm. &

Expanded - 86 cm.

7.0 MEDICAL FITNESS NORMS

The employer shall have policy for pre-placement medical evaluation of each candidate. During medical evaluation, the physician shall evaluate each individual to ascertain the presence of any medical condition which would prevent the individual from performing essential job functions without posing significant risk to the safety of himself or others. The following abnormalities shall be deemed to be disqualification for physical fitness of fire operator :-

· Flat feet. · Knock knee. · Deformity of any limb or extra

limb. · Any other physical abnormality.

The short listed candidates as per the merit list shall be sent for medical fitness evaluation comprising of the following :-

· A comprehensive medical

history. · A baseline occupational history,

including significant past exposures.

· Vital signs : Pulse, Respiration, Blood Pressure, Temperature.

· Ears, Nose, Mouth & Throat examination.

· Visual acuity & Peripheral vision testing.

· Chest X-ray PA View. · Audiometry. · Pulmonary function testing. · ECG (All leads at rest). Fire operator shall have minimum corrected Far Vision of 6.0/6.0 snellen & Near Vision of 0.5/0.5 snellen respectively. Each eye must have a full field of vision. The following abnormalities shall be deemed to be disqualification for medical fitness of fire operator :-

· Absence of full field of vision in each eye.

· Color/Night blindness. · Squint eyes. · Any morbid condition of the eyes

or lids of either eye. · Deaf/Dumb. · Skin/Venereal diseases. · Disorders in Nervous System,

Respiratory System & Cardio-vascular System.

· Abnormal medical condition detected by physician, if any.

Fire operators require a high degree of physical efficiency and medical fitness to perform their jobs safely & efficiently in view of their strenuous duties under adverse conditions. For this purpose, fire operators shall be subjected to medical evaluation as prescribed by physician appointed by the employer once in two years to ensure that they remain physically & mentally fit to perform their duties.

It should be ensured that only physically & mentally fit fire operators are deployed in fire fighting and rescue operations. Further, they should be maintained in fit condition by carrying out regular physical fitness tests as detailed in Annexure–IV and periodic refresher training during their service carrier.

8.0 TRAINING REQUIREMENTS

This section establishes minimum training requirements for updating knowledge and develop skills of fire operators to meet the functional requirements. Training program for fire operators should also include induction training as specified in OISD-STD-154.

8.1 Training Responsibility

Employer shall identify the person(s) responsible for identifying training needs and providing appropriate training for individual(s) to certify them as qualified.

8.2 Identification of Training Needs

An individual’s current knowledge and skills resulting from his past education, experience and training should be considered in determining whether the individual requires training. The need to train an individual should be considered for, but not limited to, situations where individual :-

· Requires training for an

identified task(s) or skills to utilize new equipment to perform identified task(s).

· Fails an evaluation after training. · Requires refresher’s training.

8.3 Training Materials

Training materials shall be identified as per the training needs. These materials may be acquired or developed & maintained consistent with the knowledge and skills needed to meet the functional requirements. The training material shall be developed in bilingual i.e. Hindi & English and preferably in local language also.

The subject contents, appliances drills, rescue drills, fire drills & physical exercises, simulated fire demonstrations, on job training, physical ability tests to train and sharpen fire operator’s skills may include, but not limited to, the items detailed in Annexure – I, II, III & IV. The contents of above annexure(s) may be reviewed periodically but not later than one year. It shall be determined whether the syllabus is being covered as documented, appraised whether it is effective as intended and updated based on the feedback received from trainees, evaluators & subject matter experts.

8.4 Training Implementation

Training should be conducted in an environment conducive to learning the subject knowledge and skills.

8.5 Training Tests

Test materials shall be developed, periodically updated and used to assess assimilation of knowledge, skills & abilities acquired or developed by fire operators after training.

8.6 Refresher Training

The refresher training for fire operators should be carried out every year. The periodicity of refresher training should be assessed and reduced, if necessary. The refresher training periodicity may be set longer, if data establishes a rational basis for a longer period. As a minimum, periodicity of refresher training shall be decided considering the following factors :-

· Difficulty & importance of task(s)

associated with the training. · Potential for loss of knowledge

and skills over time.

8.7 Effectiveness of Training

The training effectiveness assessment shall be carried out periodically at an interval of 3 years. The assessment shall determine whether the training methods & techniques are being implemented as documented, appraised whether they are effective as intended and updated based on the feedback from trainees, trainers and subject matter experts. Effectiveness of training shall be appraised tracking fire operator’s contribution to an event or action that adversely affects the safety of plant & personnel and his performance during fire fighting.

9.0 TRAINING EVALUATION

This section covers the minimum requirements to assure that individuals are evaluated for the knowledge, skills and abilities required to perform identified task(s).

The evaluation instrument(s) shall be identified and developed to maximize the validity and reliability of the evaluation. OISD-STD-154 may be referred for guidance.

9.1 Evaluator’s Selection

Evaluator shall be selected based on technical knowledge and capability to ascertain an individual’s knowledge, skills & abilities (KSAs) to perform the tasks. Evaluator should facilitate an individual to accurately demonstrate his KSAs during the evaluation.

9.2 Evaluation Materials & Criteria

Evaluation materials shall be developed & maintained consistent with identified evaluation needs. Evaluation process should include evaluation content validation, finalization of evaluation criteria and appropriate evaluation methods as mentioned below.

9.2.1 Evaluation Content Validity

Evaluation contents should be reviewed and validated periodically with respect to functional requirements. An evaluation is considered valid when a subject matter expert has verified through review that the contents of the evaluation covers the criteria required for assessing performance of the task(s).

9.2.2 Evaluation Criteria

Evaluation criteria shall be developed for each task & documented. Evaluation criteria represents the knowledge and skills, an individual must possess and demonstrate to be considered qualified to perform identified task. Refer Annexure – V for guidance. Evaluation criteria for each task may be developed by subject matter expert or obtained from consultants, applicable references or standards.

9.3 Evaluation Method Selection

Evaluation method(s) shall be selected for each task to meet the purpose of the evaluation. For example, evaluation of knowledge is commonly done through a written evaluation or an interview, and skill is commonly measured through performance evaluation. Ability is verified through evaluation of both knowledge and skills.

9.4.1 Written Evaluation

Written evaluations mainly measure knowledge. They also measure reading, writing & reasoning abilities.

9.4.2 Interview Evaluation

Interview evaluations besides knowledge assess communication skills. It includes questions to probe an individual’s knowledge and comprehension of all tasks related to his job.

9.4.3 Performance Evaluation

Performance evaluation mainly measures application of knowledge and skill. It includes observations during performance on the job. It also specifies observable behavior or performance components to be checked by the evaluator; questions that should be asked to probe an individual’s knowledge and comprehension.

10.0 PLACEMENT OF FIRE OPERATOR

The successful candidate after training shall be considered for the post of fire operator, subject to his securing minimum marks as specified by the employer. If candidate fails in training evaluation, he should be retrained and reevaluated to the satisfaction of evaluator before considering his placement as a fire operator.

11.0 DOCUMENTATION

This section establishes the documentation requirements to create & maintain records of training programs, evaluations and effectiveness. It includes :-

i) The list of identified tasks for fire

operators. ii) Training needs and requirements to

complete training. iii) The evaluation criteria & appropriate

evaluation method(s) for each task. iv) Training course objectives & record

of successful completion of training. v) The name of trained individuals &

evaluator(s) and the date of completion of training.

vi) Feedback on effectiveness of training.

vii) Upkeep of records : Documentation shall ensure that documents are legible, accurate & updated from time to time.

viii) Record life : Documents supporting grant of certification for each individual shall be maintained for 3 years after the expiry of training date

12.0 REFERENCES

i) ASME B31Q-2006 : “Standard on

Pipeline Personnel Qualification”. ii) NFPA 1582 : “Standard on Medical

Requirements For Fire Fighters”. iii) Recommendations of The Standing

Fire Advisory Committee on “Standards for Physical Assessment Test for Firemen” constituted by Director General of Civil Defence (Medical), GoI, MoHA.

iv) Drill Manual for The Fire Services of India by National Fire Service College, Nagpur.

v) Delhi Gazette Notification-1999 : Recruitment Rules for Fire Operator in Delhi Fire Service.

vi) West Bengal Gazette Notification-2003 : Recruitment Rules for Fire Operator in Kolkata Fire Service.

vii) Recruitment Procedure for Fireman in Greater Mumbai Fire Brigade.

viii) Selection Norms for Fireman in Tamil Nadu Fire & Rescue Services Department.

Annexure – I

Subject Contents For Training Fire Operators Sr. No.

Subject Subject Contents

1. Discipline Discipline, Importance of Discipline, Fire Ground/General Discipline and Individual’s Involvement.

2. Chemistry of Fire & Extinction Methods.

Combustion, Types of Combustion, Understanding Fire, Classification of Fires, Spread of Fire, Methods of Extinguishing Fire (Starvation, Smothering, Cooling), Phenomena of Boil-over, Slop-over, Froth-over.

3. Fire Extinguishing Mediums.

Types of Extinguishing Medias (Water, Dry Chemical Powder, Foam, Carbon Dioxide, Inert Gases/Clean Agents, Sand, Steam, etc.), Their extinguishing Mechanism, Applications & Limitations.

4. Fire Hose and Hose Fittings.

Description of Hoses (Suction & Delivery), Types of Hoses, Care & Maintenance, Standard Tests, Causes of Decay, Couplings, Branches, Wrenches, Nozzles, Types of Nozzles (Jet, Spray, Fog, Curtain), Hydrants & Monitors, Adaptors, Hose Ramp, Strainers, Collecting Heads, Blind Caps & Other Fittings.

5. Ladders Types of Ladders : Hook Ladder, Scaling Ladder, Extension Ladder, Turn Table Ladder, Rope Ladder, Care & Maintenance, Standard Tests.

6. Lines & Knots Material Used for Construction, Lengths, Sizes, Use of Lines, Fire Services, Mechanical and Chemical Deterioration, Care & Maintenance, Standard Tests, Types of Knots, Methods of Rescue Using Rope Knots.

7. Hydrants & Monitors

Types of Hydrants & Monitors, Their Servicing & Testing,

8. Water Network Material of Construction, Looping, Sectionalizing Valves, Under/Above Ground Network. Inspection of Underground Network. Inspection & Testing of Network.

9. Small Gears Cutting, Lifting, Breaking Tools, Their Importance, Generators, Hydraulic/Pneumatic Rescue Tools, Methods of Operation, Care & Maintenance.

10. Communication & Mobilization

Importance, Necessity, Internal Communication, Communication at the Scene, Communication with Fire Station and Control Room, Arrangements of Vehicles & Their Mobilization,

11. Control Room Operation

Features of Ideal Control Room, Requirements of Control Room, Management of Resources, Communication with Other Agencies & Making Resources Available at the Scene, Communication with Control Room, Mobilization of Fire Appliances at the Scene, Routine Fire Station Work and Procedures.

12. Portable Fire Extinguishers

Types of Extinguishers, Constructional Features, Working Principles, Chemical Charge, Chemical Reactions, Methods of Operation, Techniques Applicable to Safe Use of Various Types of Extinguishers, Merits & Demerits in Selection of Extinguisher, Care & Maintenance, Annual Performance Tests, Periodic Hydrostatic Testing and Recharging Instructions & Precautions.

13. Methods of Entry & Types

Scenario, Selection of Entry Point, Types of Situation, Control & Regulations of Entry into the Scene, Methods of Entry & Search, Communication at Control Point of Scene.

14. Breathing Apparatus & BA Procedure

Theory of Respiration, Features of BA Set, Various Parts & Their Functions, Donning Procedure, Testing, Maintenance, Types of BA Set & Their Use, BA Procedure, Principles of Advancements at

Scene, Advantages & Disadvantages. On-Line Fresh Air Breathing System.

15. Rescue & Search Methods

Handling of Equipments & Gears, Rescue Using Appliances, Use of Hydraulic/Pneumatic Rescue Tools, Strategies to be Adopted, Confined Space Rescue, Rescue from Sewer, Rescue from Collapsed Structure and Various Rescue Techniques,

16. Artificial Respiration & Resuscitation

Different Types of Artificial Respirations, Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation, Use of Resuscitator, Recovery Position.

17. Electrical Fires Generation, Transmission & Distribution of Electricity, Sub Stations, Types of Transformers, Associated Hazards, Electric Short Circuit, Electric Shock, Lightning & Static Electricity.

18. High Rise Buildings & Evacuation Methods

Definition, Active & Passive Fire Fighting Measures, Problems in Fighting Fires in High Rise Buildings, Methods & Types of Evacuation, Evacuation Procedure. Operation of Lift/Elevator.

19. Fixed Fire Fighting System

Principles of providing Hand Appliance, External/Internal Hydrants, Hose Reels, Rising Mains, Sprinklers & Drencher System, Foam, Carbon Dioxide, Inert Gases/Clean Agents, Their Uses, Care & Maintenance, Types of Detectors, Fire Detection & Alarm System.

20. Building Construction

Building Materials, Their Properties & Behavior in Fire, Elements of Structure : Walls, Arches, Lintels, Doors, Windows, Columns & Beams, Staircase, Floor, Floor Opening, Building Design, Separating Walls, Compartmentation, Types of Building, Means of Escapes.

21. Ship Fire Structural Terminology, Access in the Ship, Method of Fire Fighting, Factors Affecting Stability of Ship, Fire Boat, Fire Barge.

22. Lift Rescue Constructional Features of Fire Lift, Risk Factors, Rescue Work. 23. Pumps & Primers Types of Pumps, Their Various Parts, Advantages &

Disadvantages, Engine & its Horse Power, Cooling System, Types of Primers, Standard Test, Care & Maintenance.

24. Foam & Foam Making Equipment

Types of Foam, Characteristics of Foam, Storage of Foam Compound (Containers, Drums & Trolley), Fixed, Semi-Fixed & Mobile Foam System/Appliance, Their Function & Use, Mechanical Foam Generator, High Volume Long Range Foam Monitors. Water-Cum-Foam Monitors.

25. First Aid First Aid Equipment, Their Use, Duties of First Aider, Parts of Human Body, Signs, Symptoms & Treatment of Wounds, Asphyxia, Burns, Fractures, Sprains, Bleeding. Application of Triangular & Roller Bandage, Improvisation Techniques.

26. Salvage Methods of Salvage. 27. Fire Ground

Communication Signals : Pumping Signals (Orders/Commands), Visual Signals (Use of Arms), Line Signals (Use of Rope), Audible Signals (Use of Whistle). Standard Messages : Fire Ground Messages, VHF & Walkie-Talkie Messages. Sirens Codes : Fire Siren, Disaster Siren, All Clear Siren & Test Siren.

28. Fire Fighting Techniques

Fire Fighting Techniques Applicable to All types of Tank Fires : Liquid Petroleum Storage Tanks, LPG/LNG/H2 Storage Vessel, Petrochemical Storage Tank, Electrical Installation, Process Unit, Protection of Adjacent Tanks, Tank Vent, Bund Fires, Trench/Pit Fires, Off Site Pipe Rack Fires, TW/TT Gantry Fires, Pumps & Compressor Fires, Oil Water Separator Fire, Laboratory Fires, Sulphur Fire, Well Blow Out (Gas/Oil) Fire, Diesel Storage Tank Fire, Shale Shaker (Gas) Fire, etc.

29. Fireman’s Outfit Helmet, Overall, Trouser, Boots, Gumboots, Fireman’s Axe, Life Line, Whistle, etc.

Annexure – II

Typical Appliances/Rescue/Fire Drills & Physical Exercises For Fire Operators Sr. No.

Drill Details of Drill

1. Extinguisher Drill Lifting/Moving, Carrying, Positioning & Operating Portable & Wheeled Fire Extinguisher.

2. Hose Drill Lifting, Carrying, Connecting, Unrolling, Disconnecting, Under Running, Rolling up a Fire Hose.

3. Hydrant Drill : Three & Four Men Hydrant-Hose Connection & Operation. 4. Pump Drill : Four & Six Men Moving, Positioning, Making Portable/Trailer Pump and

Hose Connection & Their Operation. 5. Foam Drill : Six Men

With Hose, Foam Branchpipe & Tank With Hose & Inline Inductor

Foam Branch Connection with Tank, Hose Connection with Inline Inductor, Portable Foam Monitor Connection, Portable Foam Generator Connection, Their Handling & Operation. Foam Trolley & Foam Tender Operation.

6. Ladder Drill : Extension Ladder : Three Men Hook Ladder : One/Two/Three Men Fire Escape Ladder : Six Men Turn Table Ladder : Six Men Hydraulic Platform : Six Men

Positioning, Handling & Use of Various Types of Ladders.

7. Search Drill : Locating Unconscious Person in Smoke Filled Room

Carrying Search Operation For Missing Persons, Locating Unconscious Person & Removing to a Safe Place.

8. Rescue Drill : Two Men Pick-up Unconscious Person & Lower to Ground.

Lifting & Carrying Injured/Unconscious Person, Lowering Him From High Rise Structure to Ground, Carrying Unconscious Person From High Rise Structure Using Ladder to Ground, Carrying Injured/Unconscious Person on Stretcher.

9. Fire Suit, B. A. Set, Water Jel Blanket Drill

Donning & Use of Fire Suit, BA Set, Use of Water Jel Blanket.

10. Rope Work Drill : One, Two & Three Men

Practicing Tying of Standard Knots With Ropes & Using Them for Rescue Operation.

11. Physical Exercise & Squad Drill

Running Activities, Arm, Leg & Trunk Exercises, Physical Endurance/Ability Test, Speed & Alertness, Paired Activities without Apparatus, Paired Activities with Apparatus, Squad Parade/Drill.

12. Fire Drills Monthly Mock Fire Drills & Six Monthly Disaster Drills Involving Mutual Aid Members.

Annexure – III

Typical Simulated Fire Demonstrations For Fire Operators

Sr. No.

Type of Simulated Fire Demonstration

Details of Simulated Fire Demonstration

1. Storage Tank Fire Storage tanks are common in Oil Industry. Fire operators may be exposed to handling various tank fires on fire ground. Foam application to extinguish fire and water application to cool the tanks may be practiced during the simulated fire demonstration.

2. Pit Fire Sometimes hydrocarbon liquids get released from the process equipment and accumulate in open areas/pit. Fire operators may be trained to tackle such simulated fires on fire ground.

3. Pipeline Fires In refinery, equipment are connected by pipelines to transfer products from the process units to storage tanks. These pipes can leak at flange joints and result in fire. Fire operators may be trained to tackle such simulated fires on fire ground.

4. Tank Wagon Gantry Fire

Tank wagon gantry fires are difficult to control due to their rapid spread around the gantry. Such fires can be controlled by cooling the area as well as surroundings with water spray & dousing fire by foam application. Fire operators may be exposed to such simulated fires on fire ground.

5. LPG Storage Vessel Fire

LPG is stored in bullets/spheres. Chances of fires due to leakage of LPG are remote but can not be ruled out. Fire operators may be trained in handling simulated LPG fires on fire ground.

6. High Elevation Column Fire

In the refinery, there are tall structures such as columns/vessels. To tackle fires, cooling the equipment as well as surrounding area is important. Generally, isolation of inlet side of the equipment is not much difficult, most difficult isolation is on the outlet side. To approach to the isolation valve, personal protective equipment with water screen is necessary. Fire operators may be exposed to these simulated fire situations on fire ground.

7. Well Blow Out Fire At drilling rig, there is a risk of well blow out fire which may involve gas and/or oil fires. To tackle these fire, cooling the well head area & surrounding is important to prevent spread of fire. Fire operators may be trained in handling simulated well blow out fires on fire ground.

8. Bio Fuel Fire In bio fuel energy projects, there is a possibility of fire involving bio fuels. Fire operators may be trained in handling these fires.

9. Polar Solvent Fire Presently, ethanol blended petrol is handled or stored at many locations. Chances of fire involving polar solvent can not be ruled out. Fire operators may be trained in tackling these fires which require special fire fighting foams and techniques.

10. Multistoried Process Platform Fire.

In offshore oil & gas platforms, multistoried platforms are available. Fire operators may be exposed to these simulated fire situations on fire ground.

11. Process Pump/Product Transfer Pump Fire.

In oil industry pumps are commonly used for transferring flammable liquids. The pumps can leak seals and result in fire. Fire operators may be trained to tackle such simulated fires on fire ground.

12. Cable Trench & Electrical Control Panel Fire.

Electrical equipments, cables, control panels are widely used in oil industry which present a potential fire hazard & risk of electrocution. Fire operators may exposed to handle simulated electrical fires to build up their confidence.

13. Dyke Fire. Dykes are common in tank farm areas. Fire operators may trained to tackle such simulated fires involving pool fires in dykes.

Annexure – IV

Typical Physical Fitment Tests & Assessment For Fire Operators

Sr. No.

Physical Test For Details of Physical Test

1. Ability Back Spring : Spring up from floor and touch hands to toes while in air. Do this activity five times.

2. Balance Diver’s Stance : Hold diver’s stance on toes, arms outstretched & eyes closed for 20 seconds. Push Ups : Do 15 full length push ups from floor. V-Sit : Lie flat on the ground, face upwards, hands to the side of the body, lift the legs together from the abdomen at 450 angle, lift the head from the abdomen, to as nearly 450 angle as possible. Hold the position for 60 seconds. Breath Holding : Run in place (skip) for 2 minutes at 180 steps per minute. Then hold breath for 30 seconds. One Mile Run : Run 1.6 km in 12 minutes. Load Carrying : Run a distance of 100 m with dummy load of 30 Kg, within 30 seconds. Hose laying : Lay 4 lengths of delivery hose each of 15 m from the appliance, within 3 minutes. Ladder Climbing : Climb on an Extension Ladder of 35 feet length and come down, twice within 2 minutes.

3. Endurance

Man Carrying : Carry a man of approximately your weight by the fireman’s lift method over 25 meters within 3 minutes. Floor Touch : Bend at waist and touch floor with fingers, keeping knees stiff. Forward Trunk Flexion : Sit with legs stretched together forward, knees held down, hands to the side, bend forward, try to touch knees with the head. The head should be at least 8 inches from the ground.

4. Flexibility

Backward Trunk extension : Lie face downward, with back held down and hands behind neck, raise chin 18 inches from floor.

5. Power Standing Broad Jump : Do standing broad jump, the distance of your height plus one foot.

6. Strength Man Lift : Pick up partner of your own weight and place on shoulders in 10 seconds.