GDR GNT and GDR -I GNT�Graphene and Nanotubes: science and

applications�

A tool of the CNRS for a federative research at national and international

levels�

What is a GDR, what for?�

•� Group of teams gathered together for organizing a scientific community

working on an emerging research field and undertaking a cooperative

research on targeted priorities�

•� Financial grant from the CNRS for networking, not usable for research�

•� Additional grants from agencies fro specific actions�

GDR = Groupe De Recherche (Group of Research)�

Objectives:

- open platform for promoting exchanges, initiating research projects �� - sharing samples and materials, facilities, expertises�� - training and mobility of phD students and young scientists�� - communication and dissemination�

•� Organization of annual meetings, thematic workshops and schools

•� Support to mobility and training

•� Grants to promote exchanges between partners for performing

experiments, calculations or discussions�

•� Grants for PhD students for attending scientific meetings �

� supported or organized by the GDR�

•� Partner and co-organization of scientific meetings

Activities of the GDR�

Description of the structure

•� The successive groups�

� 1998- 2003: First National GDR on carbon nanotubes �

� 2004 - 2008: Second National GDR and First International GDR-I: �Nano-I��

•� Present�

� Graphene and Nanotubes: Sciences and Applications: �GNT� �

GDR + GDR-I created in 2009�

•� Three scientific priorities�

� 1- Structure and properties of the individual nano-object�

� 2- Properties of graphene and nanotube based devices�� 3- Chemical manipulation and fabrication of devices�

The Partners

•� National GDR

50 teams issued from CNRS, Universities, CEA, ONERA, Thales...

•� International GDR (GDR-I)

French teams:

LEM (Cnrs-Onera), L2C (Montpellier), I. Néel (Grenoble),CRPP (Bordeaux)

European teams:

FNRS and UCL Louvain la Neuve (Belgium)

University of Cambridge, Great Britain

CSIC, Spain (Zaragoza, Barcelona, Madrid, San Sebastian)

Freie Universität Berlin, Germany

University of Athens, Greece

Canadian team: Université de Montréal

•� Associate teams: TUK (Helsinki), GPI (Moscou), U. Karlsruhe...

60 teams, 450 scientists, 120-150 PhD students, about 1/2 on graphene

Organization

Web site: http://www.graphene-nanotubes.org/

•� General coordination - A. Loiseau�

•� Deputy coordinators�

� J.-L. Sauvajol, D. Mayou (France)�

� J.C. Charlier (Belgium)� �

•� Scientific council�

� Theme 1: L. Cognet -F, D. Mayou-F, J.L. Sauvajol-F, A. Ferrari –GB, S. Reich-G�� Theme 2: H. Bouchiat -F, S. Roche-F, J.-C. Charlier-B, R. Martel-Ca�� Theme 3: A. Bianco-F, E. Dujardin-F, A. Pénicaud-F, W. Maser-Sp, N. Tagmatarkis-Gr�

•� Secretary and Communication�

� Web site: C. Ewels –F�

Secretary, electronic alerts, news letters: H. Amara-F�� � �

Meetings organized by the GDR

•� General annual meeting: 4 full days in an unique convivial place�

Belgium 2005, France 2006 and 2007, Spain 2009, France 2011�

•� International Conference on chemistry created by the GDR: Chem�On Tubes�

� 2006 Arcachon-F, 2008 Zaragoza-Sp, 2010 Arcachon-F�

•� International thematic Schools�

� 1) Carbon Nanotubes Cargèse 2006, �

2) Graphene Cargèse 2010�

•� International Conference on Science and applications of nanotubes: �NT� , �

� NT8 in Montpellier 2008, NT10 in Montréal 2010, NT11 in Cambridge 2011�

•� International Conference on Graphene organized by the GDR with the

Phantoms Foundation�

Graphene 2011 in Bilbao 11 – 15 April 2011 �

•� 150 attendees, half of students �

•� Ingredients of the scientific program:�

- tutorials, invited and contributed talks� - posters� - 2 round tables on nanotubes sorting and on synthesis of graphene�

•� Special care to students / young researchers�

- very low fees for students�

- invited talks (1/6) and most of oral contributions (2/3) � - session of questions from students�

•� Special attention to posters�

- clips presentation�

- 2 or 3 attractive and convivial sessions�

•� Free time dedicated to informal discussions�

Annual Meeting 2011 at Dourdan�

- clips presentation

- 2 or 3 attractive and convivial sessions

ee time ddddddddddddddedicated to innformal disssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssscussiioooooooooooonssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss

International Meeting on the Chemistry of Nanotubes and Graphene�

Arcachon, France �April 11 – 15, 2010 �

London�Paris� Frankfurt�

Madrid�

Milano�Arcachon�All sessions will be devoted to both graphene

and carbon nanotubes �

Scope�� �� � Functionalization, dispersion, sorting�� � Composites, foams, coatings�� � Energy storage, conversion, harvesting�� � Nanomedicine, biomaterials�� � Functional materials�� � Catalysis, filtration, membranes �� � Organic electronics�

Chemontubes 2010 : 4 days, and 2 poster sessions�ca 10 invited lectures + 40 oral presentations�

250 participants�

NT’08

29th June to 4th July 2008

Le Corum, Montpellier

Organizing committee issued from the GDR-I

Annick Loiseau (LEM, Chatillon, France),

Jean-Louis Sauvajol (LCVN, Montpellier, France)

Jean-Christophe Charlier (PCPM, Louvain, Belgium)

Pierre Petit (ICS, Strasbourg, France)

Co-organizer

David Tomanek (MSU, USA)

National Committee

Robert Almairac, Eric Anglaret, Vincent Jourdain,

Christophe Goze (LCVN,Montpellier)

Serge Lefrant, Jean-Charles Riquier (IMN, Nantes) Philippe Poncharal (LPMCN, Lyon)

Stéphan Roche (CEA, Grenoble)

J.C. Charlier�

J.L. Sauvajol�

D. Tomanek�

Some Numbers

•� 750 attendees from 55 countries: the largest conference on NTs to date

•� 1/3 attendees were granted PhD students

•� 5 key notes, 12 invited talks, 40 oral talks and 500 posters

•� 3 satellite meetings on computing metrology, bio-applications

•� 1/2 oral contributions presented by young researchers

•� 20 poster awards

Conferences & tutorials

accessible on the web site:

http://www.cnrs-imn.fr/NT08/

NT'10 Montréal Canada June 27 - July 2, 2010

Local Organizing Commitee�Richard Martel �

Paul Finnie�Jacques Lefebvre�

Benoit Simard

www.nt10.org�

-� 540 attendees�-� 700 posters�-� 4 satellite meetings �including the 1st one graphene�

•� 22 lecturers, 88 participants �(more than 150 applications)�

•� 10 senior scientists + 78 PhD students

and post-docs�

•� 30 from France + 10 from GDR-I�

TOPICS •� Growth, synthesis techniques and

integration methods •� Spectrocopies (Optics, Raman, EELS) and microscopies (HRTEM, STM, AFM)

•� Quantum transport •� Chemistry of Graphene •� Spintronics, Magnetism •� Theory and simulation

•� Nanoelectromechanical systems •� Applications (gaz sensors, composites,

nanoelectronic devices...) �

COMMITTEES

Organizing Committee

Antonio Correia (Phantoms Foundation) Annick Loiseau (ONERA-CNRS, France and GDRI, International Research Group on Graphene and Nanotubes) Stephan Roche (CEA, INAC, France)

Scientific Committee Tsuneya Ando� (TITECH, Tokyo, Japan) Eva Andrei (Rutgers, State University of New Jersey, USA) Hélène Bouchiat� (LPS Orsay, Paris, France) Hui-Ming Cheng (Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, China) Jean-Christophe Charlier (University Catholique de Louvain, Belgium) Toshiaki Enoki (TITECH, Tokyo, Japan) Vladimir I. Falko (University of Lancaster, England) Andrea Ferrari (University of Cambridge, England) Paco Guinea (ICMM, Madrid, Spain) Tony F. Heinz (Columbia University, USA) Chun Ning (Jeanie) Lau (University of California, Riverside, USA) Loh Kian Ping� (National University of Singapore) Thomas Seyller (Universitat Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany) Young Woo Son (Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Korea)

DATE

11-14 April 2011

Summary of GDR actions

•� GDR GDR-I has a high visibility via its actions at the service of the

community�

•� GDR / GDR-I : an efficient network for organizing scientific meetings and

schools, for sharing and promoting its researches �

•� Particular attention paid to young researchers: �

mobility, training, dissemination�

•� Scientists community gathered together on nanotubes since 13 years is a

robust and efficient basis for developing research on graphene�

- long time scientific expertise on carbon nanostructures�

- a large ensemble of numerical and experimental tools�

- a common know-how and exchange-how in different fields �

•� Synthesis�

•� Structure and properties �

•� Chemical manipulation�

•� Fabrication and study of functional devices�

Research and task force on Graphene

Synthesis 1 : Exfoliation route

•� Exfoliated graphene used in transport, spectroscopy studies by many groups �H. Bouchiat LPS-Orsay, J.L. Sauvajol L2C-Montpellier, IMN-Nantes, I. Néel-Grenoble �E. Dujardin CEMES-Toulouse, P. Poncharal LPMCN-Lyon,B. Raquet LNCMI-Toulouse.... �

•� Original chemical technique using graphite intercalation compounds �

Patent 2007 (A. Pénicaud, CRPP- Bordeaux)�

•� Reduction of graphene oxide (A. Pénicaud, CRPP- Bordeaux)�

•� Anodic bonding technique (Patent WO 2009/074755) usable for any layered

compounds (A. Shukla, IMPMC - Paris 6) �

A. Pénicaud et al Patent 2007, J.A.C.S. 130, 15802 (2008)�

Synthesis 2 : graphene on SiC

•� Long time expertise on SiC �

(P. Soukiassian, CEA-Saclay)... �

•� First implementation at I. Néel

(Grenoble) (J.Y. Veuillen et al)�

•� Experimental set up under

development in several teams:�A. Ouerghi (LPN Marcoussis), �

J. Camassel (L2C Montpellier), �D. Vignaud (IEMN), �L. Simon (IS2M-Mulhouse) �

•� Gr / SiC used as template for functionalisation or intercalation, surface nanostructuration� (ex Au at IS2M-Mulhouse)�

•� Modeling the growth and structure calculation

using ab initio techniques coupled to STM: �L. Magaud (I. Neel Grenoble)�

•� Transport studies (under magnetic field, RF...),

ARPES, STM / STS... �I. Néel, LNCMI, IS2M, LPN-Marcoussis, Soleil, IEMN�

Epitaxial� graphene�

at LPN �obtained �

by evaporation�of Si from SiC�

AR

PE

S (

So

leil

/ An

tarè

s)�

(5 n

m)�

AF

M�

LEED�

Epitaxial �graphene �at IEMN �

obtained by �graphitization �

or MBE�

Synthesis 3 : CVD graphene

•� Long time expertise on CVD�

for synthesis of NTs and graphitic structures �

•� Experimental set up under

development in several teams:�

J. Coraux (I. Néel-Grenoble)�C. Cojocaru (LPICM-Palaiseau)�A. Ouerghi (LPN Marcoussis)�B. Plaçais (LPA-ENS Paris)�A. Loiseau (LEM-Onera)...�

•� Modelisation of growth using robust tight binding techniques developed for NT growth �H. Amara (LEM-Onera), C. Bichara (Cinam-Marseille)�

•� Transfer issue: �IEMN, L2C, LPN, LPA, CEMES...�

•� Functionalisation, patterning, nanostructuration�I. Néel, L2C...�

J. Coraux et al NL 2008�

N�Diaye et al, NJP�08�

STM images of graphene on Ir (111) at I. Néel�

Numerical simulation of the growth �of graphene on Ni at LEM �

(H. Amara et al, Phys. Rev. B 2006, 2009) �

Structure and Physical Properties

•� Spectroscopies: Micro-Raman and optical spectroscopies, �

STM / STS at VT and spin polarized, ARPES, � Magneto-spectroscopy... � J.L. Sauvajol (L2C-Montpellier), P. Mallet, J. Coraux (I. Néel), L. Simon (IS2M), �

A. Ouerghi (LPN), M. Potemski (LNCMI-Grenoble), B. Plaçais (LPA-Paris), � and also CEMES-Toulouse, IEMN-Lille, IMN-Nantes....� Synchrotron facilities at Soleil, ESRF� National facility of High magnetic field (Grenoble, Toulouse) �

•� TEM / STEM facilities �

1) instruments with aberration correctors with variable tension�

IPCMS-Strasbourg, LPN Marcoussis, CEMES-Toulouse, LPS-Orsay�

2) projects of environnemental microscopes� LPN – Ecole Polytechnique Palaiseau, U. Lyon �

a)� b)�

c)� d)�R3�

STM images of �a graphene monolayer�

on 2 reconstructed� C faces of SiC�

from J.Y. Veuillen (I. Néel)�

Snapshots -1

Thickness measurement of graphene layers on SiC by combining transmission map and Raman integrated intensities maps (G and 2D bands) optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images�from J.LS Sauvajol (L2C-Montpellier)�

Structure and Physical Properties

•� Transport, magnetism, supraconductivity, spintronics, transport under high magnetic field (national facility at Toulouse and Grenoble)...� H. Bouchiat (LPS-Orsay), B. Jouault (L2C-Montpellier), �

M. Potemski & B. Raquet (LNCMI), V. Bouchiat & W. Wernsdorfer (I. Néel),�

•� Structure and spectroscopy ab Initio calculations: � F. Mauri (IMPMC-Paris 6), L. Wirtz (IEMN-Lille), L. Magaud (I. Néel-Grenoble) �

•� Ab initio calculations of electronic structure, quantum transport, electronic

properties in magnetic field, multiscale techniques� M. Goerbig (LPS-Orsay), JC Charlier (UCL-Louvain), S. Roche (Barcelona)�

L. Magaud, D. Mayou (I.Néel),�

•� Modelisation and simulation of the growth�

H. Amara LEM-Onera Paris, C. Bichara Cinam-Marseille�

Snapshots -2

Tuning the electron phonon coupling in �multilayer graphene with magnetic fields�from C. Faugeras LNCMI-Grenoble)�

Calculated conductance of a �quantum point contact�from D. Mayou (I. Néel)�

(Left) Quantum Hall Effect in mono, bi and trilayer graphene at very high magnetic field. (Right) Two nano-ribbons (W=70nm) connected to metallic electrodes �

from LNCMI -T�

Chemical manipulation

•� Functionalization by intercalation, molecule grafting, cluster deposition... �

V. Bouchiat, J. Coraux (I. Néel), L. Simon (IS2M), C. Ewels (IMN-Nantes) �

S. Picaud (Utinam-Besançon), E. Dujardin (Cemes-Toulouse) �

•� Patterning Dissolution, film fabrication, liquid crystals, �

CRPP-Bordeaux, E. Dujardin (Cemes-Toulouse) �

•� Study of defects� C. Ewels (IMN-Nantes), JC. Charlier (U. Louvain), F. Banhart (IPCMS-Strasbourg) �

STM image of molecular wires self-

assembled on epitaxial Graphene�

STM image of intercalated Au

clusters on C/SiC�

From L. Simon IS2M�

Discotic nematic liquid crystals formed by highly concentrated flakes�

From CRPP�

•� Microwave quantum electronics – LPA (ENS Paris)�

investigate microwave FET in the quantum capacitance limit with the goal to�

demonstrate nanosecond sigle shot electron resolution�

•� Superconducting mechanical devices, molecular spintronics – I. Néel Grenoble �

Coupling graphene devices and nanoparticles/molecules to get new functions �

•� Electromechanical devices – Femto ST Besançon�

•� Gas sensors – LEM Onera Paris�

..... �

Towards devices

Tunable superconductivity in Tin decorated graphene � � Graphene membranes NEMs �

From I. Néel�

������������������ ��������������������� ����������������

exfoliated graphene�graphene on SiC�CVD graphene�

STM, electronic spectroscopies�optical spectroscopies�

magneto-spectroscopies�TEM/STEM with correctors�

Spectroscopies�Growth�Transport�chemistry and defects�

Quantum transport�Electronic/spin devices�NEMS�Chemical manipulation�National technology platforms�

Synthesis�

Structure, properties�

Towards devices�

Theory�

Who is doing what and where ?

http://www.graphene-nanotubes.org/�For all information visit the web site: �

•� Carbon nanostructures�

•� Surface science renewal�

•� Mesoscopic physics�

•� Ab initio and multiscale techniques �

mixing ab initio and TB tools�

•� Quantum electronics, spintronics�

•� NEMS �

GDR GNT is at the

intersection of

different fields and

know-how

Conclusion�