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bull Ha 08062006 r B MocKBa npeAcTaBVlTeAIt1 Ha 6bAshyrapCKIt1Te rpbl1KIt1Te It1 PycKiI1Te KOMnaHlt1vl - CTpaHIt1 no npoeKTa - 06CbgtKAaT cpil1HaHCOBiI1Te TeXHIt14eCKIt1Te TbpshyrOBCKiI1Te 3aKOHOBiI1Te It1 AaHb4HIt1Te BbnpOCIt1 cBbp3aHIt1 C peaM13al1Wna My
bull Ha 05072006 r MiI1HiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha peril10HaAshyHOTO pa3BiI1TiI1e iI1 6AaroycTpo~CTBOTO cb06U(aBa 4e MiI1shyHiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha npOMIt1WAeHOCna iI1 eHepreTiI1KaTa Ha PycKaTa cpellepal1i11R e iI13npaTiI1AO HOB npoeKT Ha MegtKshyllynpaBiI1TeACTBeHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKllaHeTO Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa T03i11 AOKYMeHT npeABiI1gtKAa 5bMapil1R IbPl1i11R iI1 PYCiI1R Aa ce aHragtKiI1paT 4e U(e CiI1 CbTPYAHiI1shyyaT 3a 6e3npenRTCTBeHO peaAiI13i11paHe Ha npoeKTa
bull B ATiI1Ha ce cpeU(aT npe3i111leHTiI1Te leOpril1 nbpBashyHOB BAaAiI1MiI1p nYTiI1H iI1 rpbl1KiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbp-npellceAashyTeA KOCTac KapaMaHAiI1C Te nOAnil1CBaT AeKAapal1i11R B KORTO ce iI13pa3RBa nOAiI1TiI14eCKaTa BOAR Ha Tpil1Te CTpashyHiI1 Ila 6bAe CKAIo4eHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 110 KpaR Ha rOAiI1shyHaTa 3a iI13rpagtKllaHe Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa iI1 Aa 6blle Cb3shyAaAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) PYCiI1R HaCTORBa 3a KOHTPOAHiI1R naKeT (51 ) a 5bArapil1R iI1 IbPshyl1i11R Aa V1MaT no 245
bull Ha 03112006 r B COCPil1R e Ha noceU(eHiI1e rpbl1shyKiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbP Ha peril10HaAHOTo pa3BiI1TiI1e DiI1MiI1TPil1C CV1ycpac CAeA pa3rOBOpil1Te My C MiI1HiI1CTbpa Ha iI1KOHOshyMiI1KaTa 101 eHepreTiI1KaTa PYMeH OB4apOB e 3aRBeHa KashyTerOpil1YHaTa BOAR Ha ABeTe CTpaHiI1 ye aKO B 6AiI13KiI1Te IlHiI1 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R He nOAyyaT npeAAOgtKeHVleTO Ha PYCiI1R 3a cKAIoYBaHe Ha MegtKAYHapoIlHoTO cnopa3yMeshyHiI1e 3a peaAiI13i11paHe Ha HecpTonpoBoAa Te u(e iI13rOTshyBRT CBOil1 Bapil1aHTV1 3a TaKOBa cnopa3YMeHiI1e
bull Ha 07122006 r MiI1HvlCTbPbT Ha BbTpewHvne pashy60TiI1 I1Ba~Ao KaAcpil1H e Ha 0cpl1uVlaAHa BiI13i11Ta B Moc-KBa no nOKaHa Ha PYCKiI1R CiI1 KOAera Cepre~ AaBpoB Ha cpeshyU(aTa e YT04HeHo 4e 5bMapil1R iI1 PYCiI1R U(e HanpaBRT BCiI1YKO Bb3MOgtKHO B Ha t1 -cKopo BpeMe na 6bAe nonnil1cashyHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha HecpTOnpoBolla
bull Ha 01022007 r no BpeMe Ha rOAiI1WHaTa CiI1 npecshyKOHcpepeHuV1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11AeHT BAall il1MiI1p nYTiI1H npil1shy30BaBa IbPUiI1R iI1 5bArapil1R B Haiil-cKopO BpeMe na nocshyTiI1rHaT cnopa3YMeHiI1e no HecpTOnpoBoAa 5yprac shyAAeKcaHnpynoAiI1c AKO rpbUKiI1Te iI1 6bArapCKV1Te napshyTHbOpil1 He ycneRT Aa ce cnopa3YMeRT TO HVie U(e 6bshyAeM npil1HyneHiI1 Aa YBeAiI1YiI1M eKCnOpTHiI1Te CiI1 Bb3MOgtKshyHOCTiI1 npe3 Tepil1TOpil1i11Te Ha Apyril1 CTpaHiI1 nORCHRBa IlYTiI1H To~ He V13KAIoYBa 101 Ha~-neCiI1MiI1CTiI1Y HvlRT CL(eshyHapiI1t1 - HecpTOnpOBonbT Aa He 6bAe nOCTpOel-1 HiI1Kora
bull Ha 07022007 r B 5yprac ynbA HOMoU(eHl-I npe r shy
TaBiI1TeAiI1 Ha 5bArapil1R PYCiI1R iI1 IbPL( iI1 f y TBbP bull a3r TeKCTa Ha Tpil1CTpaHHOTo cnopa3YMeHII1 euro 3a C - - -- shy
AaHe iI1 eKcnAOaTaUiI1R Ha HecpTonpoBOAa_ Or - 03 - shyTaKCiI1 5bArapil1R U(e nOAyyaBa He nO-MatlK) ~ - 5 AOAapa rOnil1WHo npenBiI1gtKJla ce iI1 0 KP =~c-= I1a
1000 pa60THiI1 MeCTa npil1 Her0811R c-oc - ~ -- - shy
Bau(aTa ro iI1HcppacTpYKTypa bull Ha 15022007 r n pa Bmec-2~ - ~ _ -= 1 shy0
Aana iI1 npenAOgtKeHvlRTa Ha TO pa3BV1TiI1e 101 6AarOYCTp0I1C- = - - - - ~ -- _ - _
Tbp-npellceAaTeA iI1 e Cepre~ CTaHiI1WeB iI1 KOHCTaHTiI1shyHOC KapaMaHAiI1C B ATiI1Ha PYCiI1A 5bMapil1A It1 IbPl1i11R nOAnil1CBaT iI1CTOp il1 yeCKOTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a peaAiI13ashyUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpOBOlla Ha cpeu(aTa e 1l0rOBopeHO 6bP30TO CTapTiI1paH8 Ha pa60TaTa Ha MnK C ueA CTpOshyiI1TeACTBOTO Aa 3anOYHe B HayaAOTO Ha 2008 r iI1lla npil1KshyAIo4vl AO 2011 r
bull Ha 2305 2007 r PYCKWIT napAaMeHT paTV1cpil1UiI1pa cnopa3YMeHiI1eTo C 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R 3a iI13rpagtKAaHeshyTO Ha HecpTonpOBOAa DOKYMeHTbT npenBiI1gtKAa Aa 6bAe Cb31laAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) KORTO Aa e co6CTBeHiI1K Ha CbOpbgtK8HiI1eTO
bull Ha 30052007 r 6MrapCKiI1RT napAaMeHT paTiI1cpil1uiI1pa nOnnil1CaHOTO B ATiI1Ha cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a CbTpYllHiI14ecTBo B CTpOil1TeACTBOTo iI1 eKCnAOaTaL(iI1RTa Ha HecpTOnpoBona
bull Ha 15062007 r PYCKVlRT npe3i11AeHT BAanvlMiI1p nYTiI1H nOllnil1CBa cpenepaeH 3aKOH 3a paTiI1cpil1KaUiI1R Ha pyCKOshy6MrapCKo-rpbUKoTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a HecpTonpOBolla
bull Ha 15112007 r Ha pa60THa cpeU(a B ATV1Ha e nocshyTiI1rHaT 3HaYiI1TeAeH HanpenbK Ha nperOBOpil1Te no yYpeshyARBaHeTO Ha MnK 3a peaAiI13aUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpoBolla AKUiI10Hep vlTe OT 5bMapil1sl IbPUiI1sl iI1 pyciI1sl ce norOBashypslT MnK Aa 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHAiI1R nOCTaBshyKiI1Te Ha He cpT na ce oCiI1rypRBaT iI13URAO OT PYCiI1R iI1 iI1HshyTepeCiI1Te Ha MagtK0pil1TapHV1Te aKUiI10HepV1 - 5bMapV1R iI1 IbPUV1R -Ila 6bnaT V13URAO 3aU(iI1TeHV1 AKUV1oHepil1 B M nK ca 5bMapV1R - C 24 5 4pe3 cpil1pMV1Te 5YMapra3 XOAshyAVlHr iI1 TexHoeKcnopTCTpOW IbPUiI1R - C 245 - LJpe3 CP il1pMvlTe Hellenic Petroleum VI Thraki - 06u(0 C 235 VI 1 3a rpbuKaTa AbpgtKaBa MagtK0pil1TOPHiI1RT aKUvl0shyHep B MnK - PYCiI1R (51 ) - e npenCTaBeHa OT Tpy60nshypOBonHblt1 KOHCOPUVlYM 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAiI1c B Hero YLJaCTB aT KOrvma HiI1i11Te TpaHC HecpTb POCshyHecpTb VI la3npOMHecp Tb u
bull Ha 18122007 r B MocKBa e nOnnVlcaHO cnopa3yshyMeHiI1e Megt+ltny pYCiI1sl 5bArapVlR iI1 IbPUiI1A 3a Cb3naBaHeshyTO Ha MnK KORTO lie 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHnil1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11neHT BAanil1MiI1p nYTiI1H 3aRBRBa 4e T03i11 aKT e npeAnOCAenHaTa CTbnKa KbM npaKTiI1yeCKaTa peshyaA11 3aUiI15i Ha np08KTa 5yprac - AAeKCaHnpynoAiI1c OcshyTaBa na 6bJJe nOnnllCaH 1l0KYMeHT KOIiiTO na rapaHTiI1pa pycKvtTe nOC-aBKI-1 Ha HecpT
bull Ha 11 01 2Q08 r B ATiI1Ha npenCTaBiI1TeAiI1Te Ha npoKshyTHaTa KO ral-A Ei yprac - AAeKcaHIlPynoAiI1c 5bArapil1sl Ha pye SI Tpb6onpoBoneH KOHCOPUiI1YM VI Ha rpbUKiI1R Xe cr n eTpo eYM 1~ DEn TpaKiI1 nOnnV1CBaT npyshy =-==- - C-OBOP 3a yypenRBaHeTO Ha MnK
bull - - bull 1801 2008 r no nOKaHa Ha npe3vl1leHTa ~ - - - b)32HOB Ha noceU(eHVle y Hac e PYCKiI1RT npeshy
--- ~ a I~ AV1 P nyTiI1H Ha ocpil1UiI1aAHa uepeMOHiI1R B - ~ -~ - e - o Ha JJBaMaTa npe3i11JJeHTiI1 ca nOnnil1CaHiI1 - middot~ -lra 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha AEll 5eAeHe rashy- 3 a lOgtKeH nOTOK VI HecpTonpOBona 5yprac shy- =- lti - pynoiI1c
bull - 602 2008 r B AMcTepAaM XOAaHnil1A e peril1cshy- a egtKAYHapoAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK)
t ~OBa HiI1eTO Trans Balkan Pipeline BV 3a iI13rshy---2-TO f1a HecpTonpoBoAa
cnopa3YMeHiI1 e nOlJ nil1 CaHO B 6 p-a bull Ha 15032007 r Ha OCP~IUI a -~ _ = ~
CbCTB iI1 8TO Ha np e3 111A8H a 8 ~
bull - =t 14 052009 r MiI1HiI1CTepCKVlRT CbBeT B3eMa peshy- shy = Ko eTO npeAB v1gtKna EibMapCKiI1RT eHeprV1eH XOAshy
3~X) EAD na npeXBbpAiI1 aKUiI1i11Te CiI1 B Kanil1TaAa
_ _ ~e_og_ra_p_h~y i_it_b_a_S_b~g______________ rEO~li~1tryenrnm~----------------------------5~~2~O~lOw_ww_g ~ _ l
Ha npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTonpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc - 51 An n o nOBOA Y4aCT Vl eTO Ha 5bMashypVlrl B HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlC C
TOBa peweHvle npeACTaBVlTeA Ha 6bMapCKaTa CTpaHa
B MegtKAYHapOAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl ll(e 6bAe nposhyeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTOnpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPYshy
nOAVlC - 51 An - eAHOAVl4HO ApYgtKeCTBO TeXHoeKCshynopTCTpOill EAn
bull Ha 01 092009 r npeMVlepbT 50illKO 50PVlCOB no BpeshyMe Ha Cpell(aTa C PYCKVlrl CVl KOAera BAaAVlMVlp nYTVlH B IAaHcK nOAwa 3a npbB nbT Vl3pa3rlBa n03VlUVlrlTa Ha npashyBVlTeAcTBoTO 4e CAOgtKHOCna Ha npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKshycaHApynoAVlc e cBbp3aHa C eKOAorVl4HVl np06AeMVl
bull Ha 18092009 r B COcentVlrl ce npOBegtKAa cpell(a Ha PYCKVlrl Ml1HVlCTbP Ha eHepreTVlKaTa Cepreill WMaTKo C
6bArapCKVlrl My KOAera Tpaill40 TpaIiiKOB no BpeMe Ha pa3rOBopVlTe ca pa3rAeAaHVl BagtKHVl acneKTVl OT Vl3rpagtKshy
AaHeTo Ha HecentTonpOBOAa 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
CBbp3aHVl Hail1-Be4e C oueHKa Ha eKOAorVl4HVlR PVlC K
bull Ha 09102009 rOAVlHa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKashyTa eHepreTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 3arlBrlBa
4e 5bMapVlrl He ce OTKa3Ba OT HecentTonpOBOAa C YT04shyHeHVleTO nOHe 3acera
bull Ha 13102009 r rAaBHVlrlT Vl3nbAHVlTeAeH AVlpeKshy
TOp Ha MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaliiH AAeKcaHAbp TapaKaHOB npeACTaBrl Ha MVlHVlCTbpa Ha VlKOHOMVlKashy
Ta eHepr eTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpalii40 TpaillKOB npoeKTa
3a HecentTonpOBOAa npVl npe3eHTaUVlrlTa aKueHTbT e nocshyTaBeH BbPXY Ha4VlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha HecentTa B aKshy
BaTOpVlrlTa Ha 5ypraCKVlrl 3aAVlB KaKTO Vl eKOAorVl4HaTa
cb06pa3HOCT npVl HerOBVlrl Vl360p CnopeA T TpaliiKOB OT eKOAorVl4Ha rAeAHa T04Ka nAaBall(VlrlT 6yill e no-noAshy
XOARll(OTO peweHVle npeABVlgtKAa ce MnK Aa Vl3rpaAVl HecentTonpOBOAa 00 2012 r Vl npe3 nbpBoTo nOAyr oAVle
Ha 2013 r Tolii Aa npeMVlHe np06HVl Vl3nVlTaHVlrl Pa60Tshy
HaTa My eKCnlOaTaUVlrl ce 04aKBa Aa 3an04He npe3 BTOshypaTa nOIOBVlHa Ha Cbll(aTa rOAI1Ha KaTO Ha nbpBVlrl eTan
ll(e ce TpaHcnopTVlpaT OKOAO 35 MAH t HecentT rOAVlWHO nOAOBVlHaTa OT TOBa KOM14eCTBO (175 MAH t) ll(e 6bAe
OT T Hap ypaAcKVl HecentT A06VlBaH OT PYCKVl HecentTeHVl KOMnaHVlVl a ApyraTa nOAOBVlHa ll(e 6bAe AOCTaBrlHa
OT KacnVlillC KVl rl Tpb60npOBOAeH KOHCOPUVlYM (KTK) B
KOillTO Y4 aCTBaT KOMnaHVlVlTe 6PVlTVlW neTpOAVlYM (BP) WeA (Shell) WeBpoH (Shevron) Vl AP OT KpaliiHVlrl nyHKT
Ha Tpb60npoBoAa - rpbUKoTO npVlCTaHVlll(e AAeKcaHAshy
pynoAVlc 50 OT HecentTa ll(e ce AOCTaBrl C TaHKepvl 00
cpeAVl3eMHoMopCKVl npVlCTa HVlll(a Ha ViTaAVlrl ltlpaHUVlrl
V1 ViCnaHVlrl a onaM no Cbll(eCTBYBall(aTa TPb60nposhy
BOAHa CVlCTeMa ll(e AOCTVlra 00 XOAaHAV1rl 5eMV1rl V1lepshy
MaHV1rl OCTaHaAV1Te 50 CLJV1TaHV1 KaTO npoAYKUV1rl Ha
aMepV1KaHcKaTa KOMnaHV1rl WeBpoH ll(e 6bAaT AOCTashyBRHV1 4pe3 VLCC TaHKepV1 00 CALl1
Ha BTOpV1rl eTan OT eKcnAOaraUV1rlTa Ha HecentTonposhy
BC)Aa ce npeABV1gtKAa YABOrlBaHe Ha 06eMVlTe AocTaBeshy1 OT KTK npV1 KoeTO HecentTonpOBOAbT ll(e AocTV1rHe
aKCV1MaIHV1R Cvl KanaUV1TeT - 70 MAH t TOBa OT CBOrl
o-pa Ha ll(e AOBeAe 00 cepV103Ho HaMaArlBaHe AeAbT Ha __ CK Vl rl Hecent T 3a CMeTKa Ha Ka3axcTaHCKV1rl A06V1BaH OT
- ~C04eHVlTe no-rope 3anaAHV1 KOMnaHV1V1
bull Ha 21102009 r BV1uenpe3VlAeHTbT Ha pycKaTa KOMshy
- poundgt-V1 R TpaHcHecentT MV1xaV1A 5apKoB OTXBbPArl TBbpAeshy
HVl5na 4e npOeKTbT 3a HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac -AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc HrlMa Aa 6bAe peaAVl3VlpaH CnopeA Heshy
ro T0 3Vl HeqnonpoBOA Vl HecentTonpOBOAbT CaMCYHshyngtKeil1xaH npe3 TYPUVlrl MoraT Aa Cbll(eCTBYBaT 6e3 KOHshy
KypeHUVlrl
bull Ha 22 102009 r no BpeMe Ha eAHOAHeBHO noceshy
ll(eHVle B MocKBa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKaTa eHepshy
reTV1KaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 06CbgtKAa C pycshyKVlrl CVl KOAera Cepreill WMaTKo peaAVl3aUVlrlTa Ha TpVlTe
eHeprVlillHVl npoeKTa - AEU 5eAeHe 1OgtKeH nOToK Vl 5yprac - A AeKcaHApynoAVlc Ll1LO ce OTHaCrl 00 nocshy
AeAHVlrl TO Tolii Vl3rAegtKAa e nOCTaBeH Ha Vl3nVlTaHVle 3ashy
paAVl aHaAorVl4Hvlrl npoeKT 3a HecentTonpOBOA CaMCYHshy
ngtKeillxaH npe3 TYPUVlR TpaillKOB Ka3Ba Vi TOBa e HashywaTa rAeAHa T04Ka AKO 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
e AOCTaTb4Ho 060CHOBaH TO ToraBa HeKa ro VlMa
OT V13AOgtK8HaTa XpoHoAorVl51 Ha nO-BagtKHV1T8 MOM8Hshy
TV1 OT V1cTOpV151Ta Ha T Hap np08KT 5yprac- AA8KcaHshy
LlpynoAVlc MoraT Lla C8 HanpaB51T H51KOAKO OCHOBHV1
V13BOLla
nbpBO LJe npV1 HV1TO eLlV1H OT eTanV1Te Ha HerOBaTa
16-roLlV1wHa V1CTOPV151 He ca nOCTaB51HV1 3a 06CbgtKLaHe
eKOAOrV1LJHV1Te acneKTVl Ha TaHK8pHVl51 npeB03 no Mapshy
wpYTa HOBOPOCVlillCK- 5yprac- HOBOPOCV1i1lCK 101 eBeHshy
TyaAHVlT8 np06AeMV1 KOVlTO ca CBbp3aHVl C Hero
BTopo LJe eLlBa OT eceHTa Ha 2009 r eKOAOrVlLJHaTa
T8Ma npVlcbcTBa MaKap Vl enVl30LlVlLJHO npV1 06CbgtKLashy
HeTO Ha np08KTa Ha eLlHO VlAVl Llpyro paBHV1Uje HO caMO
no OTHoweHVle HaLJVlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha Hecjna B
aKBaTopVl51Ta Ha 5ypracKVl51 3aAVlB
TpeTO LJe Vl LlO MOMeHTa Bce oUje H51Ma LlOKAaLl3a
Ol(eHKa Ha Bb3L1eillcTBVleTO BbPXY OKOAHaTa Cp8L1a
(OBOC) He caMO 3a CYX038MHaTa HO Vl 3a MopCKaTa
LJaCT Ha npoeKTa
YeTBbpTO He e RCHO V1Ma AVl 0651BeHa 06UjeCTB8Ha
nOpbLJKa OT CTpaHa MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaillH 3a
Vl360p Ha Vl3nbAHV1T8A 3a Vl3roTB51He HaLlOMar3a OBOC
3a Lla ce pa36epe cbUjHocna Vl cepVl03Hocna Ha
8KOAOrVlLJHVl51 np06AeM CBbp3aHCTaHKepHVl51 npeB03
Ha H8cjn no MapwpyTa HOBOPOCVlillcK - 5yprac cAeLlshy
Ba Lla ce pa3rAeLlaT HaKpaTKo H51KOVl nO-BagtKHVl xapaKshy
TepVlcTVlKVl Ha 48PHOMOPCKV151 6aceillH
npVlpODHVl Vl aHTponoreHHVl cpaKTOpVl VI YCIIOBVl51
3a 3aMbpC51BaHeTO Ha LJepHo Mope
4epHO Mope npeLlCTaBA51Ba TVlnVlLJeH nOAY3aTBOshy
peH MegtKLlYKOHTVlHeHTaAeH 6aC8VlH 3aeMaUj6AV130
420 000 km2OT reorpacpcKoTo npocTpaHcTBo MegtKLW
IOrOVl3TOLJHa EBpona Vl MaAa A3V151 BOLlVlT8 My C 068M
548 000 km 3 3anbABaT Haill-LlbA60KaTa H8030illcKa
Ll8np8cVl51 Ha 3eM51Ta B XVlLlpOAOrVlLJHO OTHoweHVle
TOVl cnaLla KbM 6ac8VlHa Ha ATAaHTV1LJeCKVl51 OK8aH 101
ce 51B51Ba LJaCT OT rOA51MoToFoMaHcKo CpeLlV138MHO
Mope 06MeHbT Ha LJepHOMOpCKVlTe BOLlVl CbC CBeshy
TOBHVl51 OKeaH e CVlAHO 3aTpYLlHeH 101 ce OCbUj8CTB51Ba
7
52010 rEIi vvwwgeograph - bg ~---=--------------- II1~~ iJ1jf]f--------=---=--~--
eAVlHCTBeHo Ype3 TeCHVlfl (07 - 37 km) Vl cpaBHVlT8shy
HO H8Ab6oK (275-121 m) 60CcentOpCKVl npoToK TOBa
06cToflTecTBo VlMa Vl3KoYVlT8HO rOflMa POfl 3a
npoAbgt+ltVlT8HOTO 3aAbpgt+ltaH8 Ha TBbPA8 pa3Hoo6shy
pa3HaTa raMa OT 3aMbpcflBau(Vl B8u(8cTBa KOVlTO nocshy
TbnsaT s 6ac8i1Ha
nOCpeJlCTBOM JlOHOTO 60CCPOpCKO Te4eHII1e B YepHO
Mope roJlIl1WHO nOCTbnBaT OKOO 230 km3 MpaMopHoMOPshy
CKII1 BOJlIl1 CbC coeHOCT 37-38 0 Te3111 nbTHII1 Tegt+ltKII1
BOJlIl1 3anbBaT no-rOMlMaTa 4aCT OT Jlb60KOBOJlHaTa 4epshy
HOMopcKa KOTOBII1Ha 06paTHo KbM MpaMopHO Mope 1113shy
TII14aT roJlIl1WHO OKOO 485 km3 4epHOMOpCKII1 BOJlIl1 C npll16shy
1113111TeHO JlBoiilHO nO-HII1CKa coeHOCT BbnpocbT 3a Kashy
KbB nepll10Jl ce 06HoBflBaT 1I1311flO BOJlIl1Te Ha 4epHO Mope
e Bce Ol1le JlIl1CKYCII10HeH CnopeJl eJlHII1 olleHKII1 TOBa CTashy
Ba npll161113111TeHO Ha 11Il1Kb OT 150-200 rOJlIl1HII1 cnopeJl
JlPyrll1 Ha 400 a cnopeJl TpeTII1 - Ha 1000 rOJlIl1HII1
OCBeH 3aTpYJlHeHII1fl BOJlo06MeH Megt+ltJlY JlBaTa 6aceiilshy
Ha KoiilTO onpeJlefl cnellll1cpll14HaTa XII1Jlpoorll14Ha
CTpYKTypa Ha 4epHO Mope OT eKoorll14Ha reJlHa T04Ka
Bagt+lteH cpaKTOp ce flBflBa Ka4eCTBOTO Ha nOCTbnBal1lIl1Te
MpaMopHOMOPCKII1 BOJlIl1 3a TeXHlI1fl npIl1HOC B 111 6e3 TOshy
Ba Te gt+ltKaTa eKoorll14Ha 06CTaHOBKa Ha 4epHO Mope MOshy
gt+lte Jla ce CbJlIl1 OT cpaKTa 4e Jlbrll1flT 33 km 50CCPOPCKII1
npoToK ce 1I13nO3Ba KaTO eCTeCTBeH OTXOJleH KaHa 3a
6111TOBII1 111 TeXHoorll14HII1Te OTnaJlHII1 npOJlYKTII1 Ha HaJl
15-MII11I10HHOTO HaceeHlI1e Ha VlcTaH6y
Ha ceBep 4pe3 Kep4eHCKII1fl npoToK 4epHO Mope ce CBbpshy
3Ba C nAlI1TKOTO (MaKC Jlb6 14 m) A30BCKO Mope KaTO roshy
JlIl1WHO OT Hero npll1eMa 38 km3 a OTJlaBa 29 km3 BOJlIl1
no CII1aTa Ha CBoeTO reorpacpcKo noogt+lteHlI1e 111 reoshy
Ogt+ltKa eBoOllll1fl CII1CTeMaTa 4epHO Mope - A30BCKO
Mope npIl1Te r fl nOBbpXHOCTHlI1fl OTTOK OT Tepll1TOpll1fl
C nol1l OKOO 2 5 MH km2 no TaKbB Ha4111H BbPXY BCeKII1
KBaJlpaTeH MeTbp OT aKBaTOpll1flTa Ha Ta3111 CII1CTet a Bb 3shy
JleiilCTBaT OKOO 5 5 m2 OT HeiilHlI1fl BOJloc60peH 6ace 71 H
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce oT6eegt+ltlI1 4e TOBa CbOTHOshy
WeHlI1e 3a llelI1fl CBeToBeH OKeaH e caMO 04 m2 Te
OKOO 14 nbTII1 nO-MaKO
B rpaHlI1llll1Te Ha T03111 orpoMeH no CBOIl1Te pa3Mepll1
BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH pa3BII1T npeJlIl1MHO BbPXY KOHTII1 -
HeHTa EBpona 111 nO-MaKO BbPXY A3111fl ce BKo4BaT Teshy
PIl1TOpll1l11Te Ha 17 cYBepeHHII1 Jlbpgt+ltaBII1 C HaceeHlI1e HaJl
300 MH JlYWII1 TOBa ca ABCTPll1fl 5eopYClI1fl 5bMashy
pll1fl 50cHa 111 XepllerOBII1Ha iepMaHlI1fl ipY3l11fl PYMbshy
HlI1fl PYClI1fl CoBaKlI1fl CoBeHlI1fl Cbp6l11fl 4epHa ropa
XbPBaTlI1fl 4 ex II1fl TYPUlI1fl YKpaii1Ha 111 YHrapll1fl nOBe4eshy
TO OT Te3111 CTpaHII1 ce OTII14aBaT C BII1COKa CTeneH Ha
yp6aHlI13aUlI1fl II1HJlYCTpll1aII13aUII1fl 111 XII1MII13allll1fl Ha 3eshy
MeJleCKOTO np0Il13BOJlCTBO OmaJlHII1Te npOJlYKTII1 OT KOshy
II1TO 4pe3 OTTOKa (392 km3 roJl) Ha raBHII1Te pe4HII1 CII1Cshy
TeMII1 (DYHaB DHenbp DHecTbp DOH lOgt+lteH 5yr 111 Jlp )
nOCTbnBaT B 4epHO Mope
Haii1-roflM Jlfl 3a 3aMbpCflBaHeTO Ha 4epHO Mope
06a4e II1MaT CTpaHII1Te OT BOJloc60PHII1fl 6aceii1H Ha p
DYHaB nOl1lTa Ha KOiilTO Bb3II13a Ha 817 000 km2 Te
n04TV1 2 nbTII1 no-rOflMa OT Ta3111 Ha KpaiilHlI1fl npll1eMHII1K
TYK cpYHKllll1oHlI1paT OKOO 30 XII1 roeMII1 111 CpeJlHII1 npeJlshy
npll1flTlI1fl KaTO caMO 30 OT TflX ca 060pYJlBaHII1 CbC
cbBpeMeHHII1 II1HCTaallll1111 3a npe4111cTBaHe Ha OmaJlHII1shy
Te BOJlIl1 OKOO 5 5 X 111 t ca 61110reHHII1Te 111 OpraHII14HII1
Bel1lecTBa KOIl1TO p DYHaB BHaCfl B 4epHOMOpCKII1fl 6ashy
ceiilH CbC CBOfl 200 km3 rOJlIl1WeH OTTOK
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce noc04111 4e II1HJlll1peKTshy
HlI1flT 6brapCKII1 npIl1HOC B 3aMbpcflBaHeTo Ha 4epHO
Mope ce cpopMlI1pa BbPXY nol1l OT 45 732 km2 Te caMO
5 6 OT llelI1fl DYHaBcKII1 BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH Ol1le noshy
cKpoMeH e JlebT Ha 6brapCKII1Te 4epHOMOpCKII1 peKII1 C
TeXHlI1fl CpeJlHoroJlIl1WeH OTT OK OT 18 km3 KOiilTO ce cpopshy
MlI1pa BbPXY Tepll1TOpll1fl OT 16930 km2
c ~ lt0 1 BbJna (kn)
ri 01 - 0 3 shy 0 3 - 0 5
0 5 - 07
~ e pHO Mope
- of = sea cu rrents
iEOiPAC)V151
-
I
_w_w_w_-=g_ _ap_hy_i_it_b_a_S_ rEOtd~tyenrrnI--_______________ 52_0_1~Oeog=-f b--=g~_______
(Jur 4 CxeMa Ha MopcKiIITe Te4eHiII51 npeA 6b11rapCKiII51 6p51r Fug 4 Diagram of the sea currents close to the Bulgarian shore
OT Ka3aHOTO no-rope He e TPYAHO Aa ce BVIAVI -le Tpeshy
BOgtKHaTa eKOIIOrVl-lHa c VlTyaUVl51 B YepHO Mope B Hail1-roshy
III1Ma CTeneH e nopOAeHa OT centaKTOpVl rllaBHVlI1T Megt+ltoY
KOVITO e p DYHas npOI1SI1BaLLVI ce AaAe-l OT HeroBoTo
Kpaill6pegtKVle B TeCHVl51 CMVlCbA Ha AYMaTa ETO 3aLUO 33shy
AbAgtKeHVle VI OTroBOPHOCT Ha BCVI-lKVI npaSVlTellCTBeHVI VlHshy
CTVlryUVIVI VI HenpaBVlTellCTseHVI opraHVl3auVlVI OT uellVl51
DYHaSCKVl6aceillH e Aa npVleMaT KOHKpeTHVI VI cneWHVI
npaKTVI-leCKVI MepKVI 3a CBegt+ltoaHe AO MVlHVlMYM npVlTOKa
Ha 3aMbpCI1BaU(VlTe seU(eCTBa -lpe3 pe-lHVlI1 onOK
Dpyra rlIaBHa BagtKHa oc06eHOCT Ha Y epHO Mope KOshy
51TO ro npaBVI oc06eHo -lysCTBVlTeIlHO KbM HapaCTBaU(oTO
3aMbpc51BaHe VI pecentlIeKTVlpa BbPXY Vl3MeHeHVll1Ta Ha Heshy
roBVlTe eKocVlcTeMVI ce KpVle B cneUVIcentVI-lHaTa My XVlAPOshy
1I0rVl-lHa VI XVIApox VlMVI-l Ha CTpYKrypa VI pegtKVlM To e Haillshy
rolleMVl51T MepOMVlKTVI-leH (CVlIIHO pa3clloeH 6ell peA)
MopCKVl6aceil1H Ha 3eMI1Ta KaTO 3a Hero e xapaKTepHO
nOCTOI1HHO pa3CII051BaHe Ha BOAaTa nOMbpgtKaHO OT Bepshy
TVlKaAHVl I1 rpaAVleHT Ha nllbTHocna no BepT~1KaAa BOAshy
HaTa Maca ce pa3AeAl1 Ha 30CHOBHVl30HVI
nbpBaTa 30Ha e KVlCllopoAHaTa (aep06HaTa) VI 06xshy
BaU(a CliO 51 AO AbA6o-lVlHa 100-200 m B HeR c a HaMeshy
peHVI nellarVl4HVI gtKVlBOTHVI AO 150 m AbA604V1Ha a Ab Hshy
HVI - OT 130 AO 160 m B cesepHVlTe pailloHVI Ha 6ace il1Ha
VI OT 175 AO 200 m B pailloHa Ha 60ccentopa
rEorPACDV151
BTOpaTa 30Ha Hape-leHa npOMegt+ltoYTb-lHa VI Vl3BeCshy
THa OLLe KaTO peAOKC30Ha Vl3MeH51 Ae6ellVlHaTa CVI or
20 m no nepVlcentepVl51Ta Ha 6aceillHa AO 120 m B lleHTshy
pallHVlTe My -laCTVI npVl cpeAHa CToillHOCT - 50 m 3a
HeR e xapaKTepHO CbBMeCTHOTO CbLLeCTBYBaHe Ha KVlCshy
1I0pOA VI cepOBOAopOA
T peTaTa aHaepo6Ha 30Ha 06XBaLUa BOAHaTa Maca Ha
6aceillHa OT AbA60-lVlHV1150-250 mAO AbHOTO (MaKCVIshy
MaAHa AbA60-lVlHa 2245 m) T 51 3aeMa 873 OT 06LUVl51
06eM Ha 6aceil1Ha HaCVlTeHa CbC cepoBoAopoA VI e cpaBshy
HVlTellHO nOCT051HHa nOpaAVl 3arpYAHeHara llVlpKYallVl51
Ha BOAHVlTe MacVI ETo 3aLUO B TOBa OTHoweHVle YepHO
Mope ce OlleH51Ba KaTO eAVlH npVlpOAHo06peMeHeH CbC
3aMbpc51BaLLVI BeLLeCTBa (cepoBOAopoA) 6aceil1H
Ha centOHa Ha Ta3V1 06peMeHeHOCT Ha 6aceil1Ha cepVlshy
03Hvl Vl3MeHeHVl51 HaCTbnBaT B HeroBaTa XVlApOAOrVl-lHa
VI XVlAPOXVlMVI-lHa CTpYKTypa VI pegtKVlM nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha
-lOBeWKaTa Aeil1HoCT T 51 ce Vl3pa351Ba B -lYBCTBVlTeIlHOshy
TO HaMaA51BaHe npVlTOKa Ha pe-lHVI BOAVI BClleACTBVle Ha
nOBceMeCTHOTO Vl3rpagt+ltoaHe Ha xVlApOTeXHVI-leCKVI Cbshy
OpbgtKeHVl51 no nOpe-lVl51Ta Ha -lepHOMOpCKVlTe peKVI VI
VlHTeH3V1BHOTO pa3BVl f Vle Ha nOIlVlBHOTO 3eMeAellVle B
pe3YTaT Ha TOBa ce Ha61110AaBa nOBVlwaBaHe Ha COshy
AeHOCTTa Ha BOAVlTe B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT Ha 6ashy
ceil1Ha C 0 2 0 CnopeA H51KOVI Vl311eAOBaTellVl nO-Hashy
TaTbWHOTO CbKpaLLaBaHe Ha pe-lHVl51 OTTOK MOgtKe Aa
AOBeAe AO YBeAVI-laBaHe COlleHocna C 2 0 caMO ClleA
H51 KOIIKO AeceTVllleTVl51 HecbMHeHo Ta3V1 Tpail1Ha TeHshy
AeHllVl51 LLe BHece cbU(ecTBeHVI Vl3MeHeHVl51 B CTPYKTYshy
para VI centYHKllVlOHVlpaHeTO Ha MopcKVlTe eKOCVlCTeMVI
nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha pe-lHVl51 onOK VI Ha CVlHOnTVI-lHaTa
06cTaHoBKa HaA 6aceC1Ha BCAeAcTBVle Ha reorpacentCKOshy
TO My nOIlOgtKeHVle B Hero ce centopMVlpaT nOBbpXHOCTHVI
KBa3 V1cTallVlOHapHVI Te-leHVl51 (centVlr 3) 3a aKBaTopVl51Ta
Ha 6bMapcKVl51 ceKTop OT rAeAHa TO-lKa Ha 3aMbpc51shy
BaHeTO TBbpAe roll51Ma e pOIl51Ta Ha 3anaAHVl5111VlKAOshy
HaAeH BVlXbP VI no-TO-lHO Ha Ta3V1 Herosa -laCT K051TO e
Vl3BeCTHa KaTO K)gtKHO (DI1BOIICKO PYMeIlVlil1cKo) Te-leshy
HVle OCHoBHa npVl-l VlHa 3a HerosoTo 3apagt+ltoaHe ca pe-lshy
HVlTe BOAVI KOVITO nOCTbnsaT B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT
Ha 6aceillHa 06eMbT Ha KOVITO CbCTaBII51Ba OKOIIO 75 OT cYMapHVlI1 roAVlweH pe-leH onOK
B rpaHVlllVlTe Ha HaWVlI1 ceKTOp Ha YepHO Mope K)gtKshy
HOTO Te-leHVle HaBIIVl3a CbC CKOPOCT 7 - 8 kmh a cpeAshy
HaTa e 3-5 km h nOA BAVIR HVleTO Ha KOHcentVlrypallVl51Ta
Ha 6pera VI CVlHOnTVI-lHVlTe YCIIOBVl51 ce 06pa3ysaT ABa
UVlKIIOHallHVI BVlXbpa C pa3MepVl 20-40 k m s pail10Ha Ha
H KallVlaKpa - BapHa VI s AbIl60KoBp513aHVlI1 B cywaTa
6ypracKVI 3allVlB (centVlr 4) Ha pa3cT051HVle 1-3 km OT
6pera ce centopMVlpa npoTVlBOTe-leHVle C nOCOKa or lor Ha
ceBep Haill-A06pe Vl3pa3eHo MegtKAY YCTVleTo Ha p Peshy
30BCKa VI C030noll H EMVlHe H rallaTa VI cesepHo OT
H KaAVlaKpa B OTAellHVI cIIY-laVl s 3aSVlCVlMOCT OT KOHshy
KpeTHaTa x VlApoMeTeopOIIOrVl-lHa 06cTaHosKa Sb3HVlKshy
BaT VI aHTVlUVlKIIOHaAHVI SVlXPVl B lleHTpaAHaTa -laCT Kbshy
9
-5-2-0-10----------------------------- rE()~I~tr)rrn~ ~iit~b~a~s~b~g~ ~~----------____~W~W~~v~g~eo~g~r~a~ph~)~
AeTO CTaSa nOTbSaHe Ha nOSbpXHOCTHIt1Te SOAIt1
nplt1 TaKa OyepTaHaTa cxeMa Ha TeyeHIt1RTa He e TpYAshy
HO Aa ce SIt1AIt1 ye S cpaSHeHlt1e C OCTaHaAlt1Te ceKTopvl Ha
LJepHo MOpe 6birapCKOTO MOPCKO npoCTpaHCTSO e nOAshy
AOgtKeHO Ha Ha~HOARM It1 nOCTORHeH aHTponoreHeH YAap
npORSRSal1 ce KocseHO Ype3 nOSIt1WeHIt1Te KOHueHTpashy
UIt1It1 Ha 3aMbpCRSal11t1 seLWeCTsa OT URAa CpeAHa It1 V13shy
TOYHa Espona HOCeHIt1 OT IOgtKHOTO TeyeHlt1e
EKOiOrVlYHVI acneKTVI Ha TaHKepHVl51 npeB03 Ha KaCnVlIl1CKVI HecpT npe3 LJepHo Mope
KaKTO CTasa RCHO OT 1t13AOgtKeHaTa no-rope XpOHOshy
AOrIt1R npe3 nOCAeAHIt1Te roAIt1HIt1 TSbpAe MHOro MaCTIt1shy
AO ce 1t13nlt1Ca 3a npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoshy
AV1C npeASV1gtKAaLW npeXSbpM1HeTO Ha HecentT OT CpeAshy
Ha A3V1R It1 KaCnIt1I11CKV1R 6aCell1H 3a IOgtKHa Espona It1
Hall1-SeYe 3a MRCTOTO Ha 5bArapV1R S Hero
HapeA C reonOAV1TV1yeCKV1Te V1 V1KOHOMlt1yeCKV1Te acshy
neKTV1 Ha T03V1 npoeKT HeCbMHeHO Hall1-SagtKHV1RT e eKOshy
AOrV1YHV1flT nO-AOAY aKueHTbT e SbPXY eKOAOrV1YHIt1Te
aCneKTIt1 caMO Ha TaHKepHIt1R npeS03 no OTce4KaTa Hoshy
SOPOCIt1I11CK - 5yprac
3a Aa ce OCb3Hae S AbA60YV1Ha cepV103HOCTTa Ha
eKOAOrV1YHV1R PV1CK OT TpaHCnOpTlt1paHeTO Ha HecentT Ype3
TaHKepV1 ce HaAara MaKap It1 CbsceM HaKpaTKO Aa ce
aHaAV13V1pa aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepHV1R centAOT It1 3aMbpshy
CflsaHeTO Ha CseTOSHV1R OKeaH
EAIt1HOAYWHO e MHeHlt1eTO Ha cneUV1aAIt1CTV1Te ye OT
SCV1YKIt1 SIt1Aose 3aMbpCRsaHe Ha aKsaTopV1RTa Ha Cseshy
TOSHIt1R OKeaH nOHaCTORLWeM HecentTeHOTO e npIt1A06V1AO
r A06aAeH xapaKTep To He caMO e Hall1-pa3npOCTpaHeshy
HOTO HO It1 C Hall1-Tpall1HV11t1 onaCHV1 nOCAeAIt1UIt1 3a MOpshy
CKaTa cpeAa V1 Kpall16pegtKHIt1Te eKOCV1CTeMV1
Hall1-06LWO Cbl1eCTsysaT Asa TV1na HecentTeHO 3aMbpshy
CRsaHe XpOHV1YHO V1 asapV1I11HO nbpSV1RT Tlt1n ce OCbshy
LWeCTSRsa nOCTORHHO S TeyeHlt1e Ha AbAbr rlepIt10A HO
CbC CpaSHIt1TeAHO HV1CKV1 KOHueHTpauV1V1 Vl3TOYHIt1UV1
Ha Tosa 3aMbpCRsaHe ca CTonaHCKaTa Aell1HOCT Ha YOshy
seKa Ha KOHTV1HeHTV1Te It1 S OKeaHV1Te KaKTO V1 eCTeCTshy
seHOTO npOHIt1KSaHe Ha HecentT no TeKTOHCKV1 Hapyweshy
HV1R Ha OKeaHCKOTO (MOpCKO) AbHO 06l1OTO rOAIt1 WHO
KOAV1yeCTSO Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTV1 nOCTbnsaLWO S
CSeTOSHIt1R OKeaH e 13-14 MAH t OT KOV1TO 4-5 MAH t ca OT aHTponoreHeH npoV13xoA To e MHOro no-roARMO
OT Tosa SCAeACTSV1e Ha asapV1V1 C TaHKeplt1 Ho V1MeHHO
aSaplt1111HIt1Te pa3AV1sV1 Ha HecentT HaHaCRT Ha MopcKaTa
cpeAa Hall1-rOAeMV1 eKOAOrV1YHIt1 nOpagtKeHV1R Tbll1 KaTO
It1MaT 3aAnos xapaKTep KOIl1TO V13KAIoYsa Sb3MOgtKshy
HOCTTa 3a 6bp3a aAamaUlt1fl Ha npV1poAHaTa cpeAa OT
nOpa3eHIt1TeOKeaHCKIt1(MopCKIt1)npocTpaHcTsaHeHa
nOCAeAHO MRCTO e ye 3aAnosV1RT pa3AV1s S 3HaYV1shy
TeiHa CTeneH OrpaHlt1yaSa Sb3MOgtKHOCTTa 3a 6bp3a
peaKUIt1R no HerOSOTO OrpaHlt1yaSaHe
iEOiPActJVl71 10
3aAacepa36epaTnOpagtKeHIt1RTaHaHecentTaSbpxy
Mo pcKaTa cpeAa TpR6sa Aa ce 3HaRT HRKOV1 HerosV1
oc06eHoCTIt1 YCTaHOSeHO e ye 1 TOH pa3MlT cypos HecentT
nOKpV1sa nAOl1OTOKOAO 12 km2 HeeTpYAHoAace npecshy
MeTHe ye npV1 asapV1R Ha eAV1H TaHKep C TosapoHocV1shy
MOCT 100 XV1A t 3acTpaweHaTa nAOLW OT 3aMbpcRsaHe
LWe sb3Ae3e Ha OKOAO 12 MAH km2 ecHo AeTAIt1SIt1Te
KOMnOHeHTV1 Ha CypOSV1R HecentT KOIt1TO ca OT 20 AO 50 OT CbCTasa My ce 1t13napRSaT TSbpAe V1HTeH3It1SHO npV1
Tosa HecentTbT OTAasa SaTMoccentepaTa AO 50 AIt13eAOSOshy
TO ropV1BO AO 75 a Ma3YTbT - AO 10 OT CSOV1Te KOMshy
nOHeHTV1 3a Aa ce 1t13nap51T AeKV1Te centpaKUV1V1 Ha HecentTa
ca HygtKHV1 He nO-MaAKO OT 12 lIaca B CbLWOTO speMe
npOTV1ya npouec Ha KoarYAaUV1R Ha CyposV1R HecentT KaTO
ce 06pa3ysaT Tpall1HIt1 arperaTV1 EAHa yaCT OT HIX ce
OTAaraT Ha MOPCKOTO AbHO S pall10Ha Ha pa3AV1sa a APYshy
raTa - no-rOM1Ma yaCT - ce npeHaCR Ha rOAeMIt1 pa3CTOshy
flHV1R Do 5 OT HecentTa 06pa3ysa eMYACV1R nOA centopMashy
Ta Ha TbHbK CAOIl1 (ult1na) Ha MopCKaTa nOSbpXHOCT V13shy
seCTeH Ol1e KaTO HecentTeH centIIAM no T031t1 HaYV1H TO 111
Hapywasa HopMaAHV1R ra30S 06MeH Me~y aTMoccenteshy
paTa V1 XV1ApoccentepaTa - 06CTORTeACTSO KoeTO S Kpall1shy
Ha CMeTKa SOAV1 AO rlt16eA Ha MopCKaTa centaYHa V1 centAopa
Te AO YHIt1l1OgtKaSaHeTO Ha ueAV1 eKOCV1CTeMIt1
CTaTV1CTV1KaTa COYV1 ye OKOAO 50 OT rOAV1WHIt1R
cseToseH A06V1S Ha HecentT Sb3AV13al1 Ha OKOAO 35
MApA t ce TpaHcnopTV1pa no Mop e Vl3nOA3saHeTO Ha
TaHKepV1 3a npeS03 Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTIt1 e CSbPshy
3aHO C WARM eKOAOrlt1yeH pV1CK n o AaHHV1 Ha MegtKAYshy
HapOAHaTa centeAepaUV1R Ha co6CTSeHV1UIt1Te Ha TaHKeshy
pV1 (ITOF) sceKV150-TV1 pell1c e asapV1eH CpeA no-sagtKshy
HV1Te nplt1YV1HIt1 3a aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepV1Te Ta31t1
opraHV13aUV1RnOCOYSa He6AarOnpIt1RTHV1 XV1APOMeTeshy
0pOAOrIt1YHIt1 YCAOSV1R (26 ) nOgtKapV1 V1 S3pV1sose (25
) 3aAV1saHe (20 ) 3aCRAaHe S nAV1TY V1HV1 (15 ) C6AbcKsaHvlR (45 ) nospeAV1 Ha ASV1raTeAV1 SV1HTOshy
se saAose (6 ) V1 Ap V13cAeAsaHV1RTa COyaT lie Ha
sceKV11 MAH t npes03eH HecentT OT TaHKepV1Te ce pa3shy
AV1sa OKOAO 160 m3 OT TRX 40 AO 70 m3 ce pa3AV1saT S
aKsaTopV1RTa Ha nplt1eMal1OTO npV1CTaHIt1l1e
HeKa CVl np1l1nOMHVlM HRK01l1 OT Haill-rOAeMVlTe KaTacshyTPOltjl1l1 c TaHKepVl
bull npe3 1967 r cynepTaHKepbT Top1l1 KaHboH ce pa36V1Ba Kpaill 6peroBeTe Ha AHrA1I1H B npOiVlBa Ia MaHw B MopeTo ce pa3i1I1BaT 117 X1I1A t CypOB Heltjn HeltjneshyH1I1RT pa3i1I1B 3aCR ra Kpail16pegtKVlRTa KaKTO Ha AHriVlR TaKa 111 Ha CDpaHLVlH
bull npe311eKeMBpVl1972 r B OMaHcKVlR 3aiVlB Kopa6bT C1I1 CTap ce C6ibCKBa c 6pa3111 iC K1I1R TaHKep XopTa 5ap6apoca 111 ce B3p1l1BRBa KOiVl4eCTBOTO pa3iRT Heqn e 115 XiI1i t
bull Ha 2402 1974 r Ha OKOiO 600 km 3anallHO OT OXOHOiyiy (T1I1 x 1I1 oKeaH) TaHKepbT XaBaillbH neTpil1shybT ce 3anaiBa 11 B3pil1 BH Ba Pa3iVlBaT ce 80 XiI1i t cyshypOB HecpT
_ _____ _ _ _w_w__g_e_o_g_r3_p_hy_i_i t_b_3_S_b_g 0-10_rEOidt~---------------5--2shy
bull Ha 16031978 r cynepTaHKepbT AMOKO Kanlt1c
nAaBall non AIt16eplt1l-1CKIt1 ltjlAar 18 MIt1H CAeu nOAYHOll B
EiIt1CKal-1CKlt1fl 3aAIt1B ce pa361t1Ba B Kpal-16pegtKHIt1Te CKaAIt1
OT npeYyneHlt1fl TaHKep 220 XIt1A t CypOB HeltjlT ce pa3AIt1shy
BaT B MopeTO KOl-1TO 3a KpaTKO BpeMe UOCTlt1ra 6peroBeshy
Te Ha CJ)paHLllt1fl llleTIt1Te OT KaTacTpoltjlaTa ca OLleHeHIt1
Ha OKOAO 150 MAH nOAapa 6e3 na ce OTYIt1TaT nopagtKeshy
Hlt1flTa BbPXY MOpCKIt1Te It1 Kpal-16pegtKHIt1 eKOCIt1CTeMIt1
bull npe3 HOeMBplt11 9 81 r s KYPWCKlt1fl 3aAIt1S Ha nplt1cshy
TaHIt1lle KAanel-1ua (EiaATIt1l-1CKO Mope) OT pa3pyweHIt1fl
Kopnyc Ha TaHKepa I A06e ACIt1MIt1 ce 1t13AIt1SaT OKOAO
17 XIt1A t Ma3YT It1 nlt1 3eAOBO roplt1BO LJeTlt1plt1 MeceLla CAeu
aBaplt1flTa CbnbpgtKaHlt1eTO Ha HeltjlTonponYKTIt1Te B MOpshy
CK a Ta Boua npeBIt1WaBa OT 5 AO 10 nbTlt1 ltjlOHOBIt1Te
bull Ha 6081983 r Ha TpaBepca Ha Kel-1nTaYH (IOgtKHa
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12
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_ e p TL-1 OT 6bArapl-1fl PYCl-1fl 1-1 IbPll-1fl nOCTL-1rHaTa e
30 peHocT np08KTbT Aa ce pea AI-131-1pa 6e3 KBOTI-1 3a
OTAeAHI-1Te Abp)KaBI-1 1-1 Ha OCHOBaTa Ha 4aCTHaTa I-1Hl-1ll-1shy
aTI-1Ba 1-1 na3apHI-1 npl-1Hll-1nl-1 npeABI-1)KAa ce Aa ce npl-1Bshy
A8KaT rOA8MI-1 H8CPT8HI-1 1-1 I-1HB8CTI-1lI-10HHI-1 KOMnaHI-1I-1
bull Ha 25112004 r npaBI-1T8ACTBOTO Ha 6bMapl-1fl
oA06pflBa M8MopaHAYMa cnopeA KOIl1TO H8cpTonpoBoshy
AbT we ce 1-13rpa)KAa 1-13lflAO Ha na3apHI-1 npl-1Hll-1nl-1
bull Ha 91-1 10032005 r B MocKBa ce npOB8)KAa cp8wa
Ha paBHI-1W8 MI-1HI-1CTPI-1 3a 06Cb)KAaH8 Ha np06A8MI-1T8
no peaAI-13alI-1fl Ha np08KTa KaTO e P8W8HO AO 15 anpl-1A
CbwaTa roAI-1Ha 6bArapl-1fl IbPll-1fl 1-1 P YCl-1fl Aa nOAnl-1shy
waT Tpl-1CTpaHHl-1fl M8MopaHAYM npl-18TO 8 np8AAO)K8HI-1shy
8TO Ha 6bArapCKI-1fl MI-1HI-1CTbP BaA8HTI-1H U8POBCKI-1 3a
np08KTHO cpl-1HaHCI-1paH8 Ha HecpTonpOBOAa Ha OCHOBashy
Ta Ha na3apHI-1 npl-1Hll-1nl-1 CAeA AOKa3BaHe Ha I-1KOHOMI-1shy
48CKaTa My 8CP8KTI-1BHOCT 1-1 leA8Cb06pa3HOCT
bull Ha 12042005 r B COCPl-1fl Tpl-1T8 CTpaHI-1 nOAnI-1Cshy
BaT M8MopaHAYMa
bull Ha 27052005 r cAeA 3aC8AaHI-18 Ha Tpl-1CTpaHHl-1fl
KOMI-1T8T 8 nOAnl-1CaH npOTOKOA CbrAaCHO KOIl1TO C8 onshy
p8A8Afl 6 -MeC848H CpOK Ha KOMnaHI-1I-1T8 peW8HI-1 Aa y4acshy
TBaT B np08Kra Aa nOAroTBflT np0l8Aypl-1Te no Cb3AaBashy
H8 Ha M8gtKUYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHl-1fl C KOHKpeTHO
np0l8HTHO pa3npeA8AeHI-18 Ha Y4aCTl-1eTO
bull Ha 17032006 r PYCKI-1 L-1 rpblKL-1 0cpL-1lL-1aAHL-1 np8Ashy
CTaBL-1T8AL-1 npOB8)KAaT B ATL-1Ha cpewa Ha KOflTO e 06shy
CbA8H XOAbT Ha L-13nbAHeHL-1e Ha np08KTa
bull Ha 03052006 r 6bArapCKOTo npaBL-1T8ACTBO B38Ma
peWeHI-18 Aa 6bAaT npeAnpL-18TL-1 A8i11CTBL-1fl 3a npeKpaTfl shy
BaH8 Y4aCTL-18TO Ha Abp)KaBaTa B KOMnaHL-1flra TpaHc
6aAKaH OillA naillnAaillH 6bArapl-1fl AD - COCPL-1fl npL-141-1shy
HaTa 8 48 HI-1TO 8AI-1H OT aKlL-10H8PL-1T8 B Ta3L-1 KOMnaHL-1fl
HflMa Onl-1T B L-13nbAHeHL-18TO Ha roAeMI-1 M8)KAYHapOAHI-1
np08KTL-1 L-1 Tfl H8 MO)Ke Aa L-1rpa8 pOAflTa Ha npeACTaBL-1shy
T8A Ha 6bArapCKaTa CTpaHa B L-1HB8CTL-1lL-10HHaTa cpa3a
Ha np08KTa L-1 B 6bAewaTa Me)KAYHapOAHa np08KTHa KOMshy
naHL-1fl Ta3L-1 L-1HCPOPMalL-1fl np8AL-13BL-1KBa He3a6aBHa P8shy
aKlL-1fl OT rpblKa CTpaHa KaTO BbHWHL-1flT ML-1HL-1CTbP Doshy
pa 6aKOflHI-1 L-1CKa pa3flCH8HL-1fl OT 6bArapCKI-1fl CI-1 KOA8ra
li1BaillAo KaAcpL-1H nOCAeAHL-1flT fl YBepflBa 48 TOBa 8 BbTshy
p8weH Bbnpoc 1-1 48 L-1HTepeCbT Ha 6bArapCKOTO npaBI-1shy
TeACTBO KbM npoeKTa OCTaBa HenpOM8H8H
bull Ha 04 052006 r n03L-1lL-1flTa Ha 6bArapL-1fl 8 nOTBbpshy
A8Ha OT ML-1HI-1CTbp-np8AceAaT8Afl Cepr8111 CTaHL-1WeB
npL-1 cpewaTa My C KOAeraTa CL-1 KOCTac KapaMaHAL-1C 1-1 C
ML-1HI-1CTbpa Ha BbHWHL-1Te pa60TI-1 Dopa 6aKOflHL-1
bull Ha 16052006 r B MocKBa ML-1HL-1CTbPbT Ha L-1KOHOshy
ML-1KaTa L-1 8H8pr8TL-1KaTa PYM8H OB4apoB no Bp8M8 Ha
cp8waTa CL-1 C np83L-1A8HTa Ha la3npoM AA8KC8i11 ML-1shy
A8p OCB8H BbnpOCL-1T8 3a AOCTaBKaTa L-1 TpaH31-1Ta Ha
npL-1pOA8H ra3 3a L-1 npe3 6bArapL-1fl 06Cb)KAaT L-1 np08KTa
6yprac - AA8KcaHAPynOAL-1C A ML-1Aep cb06waBa 4e
np8AI-1WHL-1fl A8H (15 05) 8 Cb3AaA8Ha KOMnaHL-1flra la3shy
npOMH8cpT KOflTO we e KOOpAL-1HL-1pawO OT pYCKa CTpashy
Ha YT04HeHO 8 4e HflMa npOMflHa B AflAOBOTO Y4aCTL-18
3a L-13rpagtKAaH8TO Ha H8cpTonpOBOAa T8 PYCL-1fl W8 L-1Ma
51 a 5bArapL-1fl 1-1 IbPlL-1fl - no 245 bull Ha 0106 2006 r C peW8HL-1e Ha npaBL-1T8ACTBOTO e
06flB8HO 48 npoeKTHaTa KOMnaHL-1fl HecpTOnpOBOA 5ypshy
rac - AAeKcaHAPynOAL-1 C - 51 AD we npeAcTaBAflBa 6bA shy
rapl-1fl B MnK KOflTO npeACTOL-1 Aa 6bAe Cb3AaA8Ha 3a
L-13rpa)KAaHeTO Ha H8cpTonpoBoAa
5
52010 rEI~~~________________~~VV~vw~~g~ s~e~O~g~ra~p~J~ly~~ii~t~b~a~ b~g~----------- Ul1~~~I iTIT1
bull Ha 08062006 r B MocKBa npeAcTaBVlTeAIt1 Ha 6bAshyrapCKIt1Te rpbl1KIt1Te It1 PycKiI1Te KOMnaHlt1vl - CTpaHIt1 no npoeKTa - 06CbgtKAaT cpil1HaHCOBiI1Te TeXHIt14eCKIt1Te TbpshyrOBCKiI1Te 3aKOHOBiI1Te It1 AaHb4HIt1Te BbnpOCIt1 cBbp3aHIt1 C peaM13al1Wna My
bull Ha 05072006 r MiI1HiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha peril10HaAshyHOTO pa3BiI1TiI1e iI1 6AaroycTpo~CTBOTO cb06U(aBa 4e MiI1shyHiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha npOMIt1WAeHOCna iI1 eHepreTiI1KaTa Ha PycKaTa cpellepal1i11R e iI13npaTiI1AO HOB npoeKT Ha MegtKshyllynpaBiI1TeACTBeHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKllaHeTO Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa T03i11 AOKYMeHT npeABiI1gtKAa 5bMapil1R IbPl1i11R iI1 PYCiI1R Aa ce aHragtKiI1paT 4e U(e CiI1 CbTPYAHiI1shyyaT 3a 6e3npenRTCTBeHO peaAiI13i11paHe Ha npoeKTa
bull B ATiI1Ha ce cpeU(aT npe3i111leHTiI1Te leOpril1 nbpBashyHOB BAaAiI1MiI1p nYTiI1H iI1 rpbl1KiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbp-npellceAashyTeA KOCTac KapaMaHAiI1C Te nOAnil1CBaT AeKAapal1i11R B KORTO ce iI13pa3RBa nOAiI1TiI14eCKaTa BOAR Ha Tpil1Te CTpashyHiI1 Ila 6bAe CKAIo4eHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 110 KpaR Ha rOAiI1shyHaTa 3a iI13rpagtKllaHe Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa iI1 Aa 6blle Cb3shyAaAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) PYCiI1R HaCTORBa 3a KOHTPOAHiI1R naKeT (51 ) a 5bArapil1R iI1 IbPshyl1i11R Aa V1MaT no 245
bull Ha 03112006 r B COCPil1R e Ha noceU(eHiI1e rpbl1shyKiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbP Ha peril10HaAHOTo pa3BiI1TiI1e DiI1MiI1TPil1C CV1ycpac CAeA pa3rOBOpil1Te My C MiI1HiI1CTbpa Ha iI1KOHOshyMiI1KaTa 101 eHepreTiI1KaTa PYMeH OB4apOB e 3aRBeHa KashyTerOpil1YHaTa BOAR Ha ABeTe CTpaHiI1 ye aKO B 6AiI13KiI1Te IlHiI1 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R He nOAyyaT npeAAOgtKeHVleTO Ha PYCiI1R 3a cKAIoYBaHe Ha MegtKAYHapoIlHoTO cnopa3yMeshyHiI1e 3a peaAiI13i11paHe Ha HecpTonpoBoAa Te u(e iI13rOTshyBRT CBOil1 Bapil1aHTV1 3a TaKOBa cnopa3YMeHiI1e
bull Ha 07122006 r MiI1HvlCTbPbT Ha BbTpewHvne pashy60TiI1 I1Ba~Ao KaAcpil1H e Ha 0cpl1uVlaAHa BiI13i11Ta B Moc-KBa no nOKaHa Ha PYCKiI1R CiI1 KOAera Cepre~ AaBpoB Ha cpeshyU(aTa e YT04HeHo 4e 5bMapil1R iI1 PYCiI1R U(e HanpaBRT BCiI1YKO Bb3MOgtKHO B Ha t1 -cKopo BpeMe na 6bAe nonnil1cashyHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha HecpTOnpoBolla
bull Ha 01022007 r no BpeMe Ha rOAiI1WHaTa CiI1 npecshyKOHcpepeHuV1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11AeHT BAall il1MiI1p nYTiI1H npil1shy30BaBa IbPUiI1R iI1 5bArapil1R B Haiil-cKopO BpeMe na nocshyTiI1rHaT cnopa3YMeHiI1e no HecpTOnpoBoAa 5yprac shyAAeKcaHnpynoAiI1c AKO rpbUKiI1Te iI1 6bArapCKV1Te napshyTHbOpil1 He ycneRT Aa ce cnopa3YMeRT TO HVie U(e 6bshyAeM npil1HyneHiI1 Aa YBeAiI1YiI1M eKCnOpTHiI1Te CiI1 Bb3MOgtKshyHOCTiI1 npe3 Tepil1TOpil1i11Te Ha Apyril1 CTpaHiI1 nORCHRBa IlYTiI1H To~ He V13KAIoYBa 101 Ha~-neCiI1MiI1CTiI1Y HvlRT CL(eshyHapiI1t1 - HecpTOnpOBonbT Aa He 6bAe nOCTpOel-1 HiI1Kora
bull Ha 07022007 r B 5yprac ynbA HOMoU(eHl-I npe r shy
TaBiI1TeAiI1 Ha 5bArapil1R PYCiI1R iI1 IbPL( iI1 f y TBbP bull a3r TeKCTa Ha Tpil1CTpaHHOTo cnopa3YMeHII1 euro 3a C - - -- shy
AaHe iI1 eKcnAOaTaUiI1R Ha HecpTonpoBOAa_ Or - 03 - shyTaKCiI1 5bArapil1R U(e nOAyyaBa He nO-MatlK) ~ - 5 AOAapa rOnil1WHo npenBiI1gtKJla ce iI1 0 KP =~c-= I1a
1000 pa60THiI1 MeCTa npil1 Her0811R c-oc - ~ -- - shy
Bau(aTa ro iI1HcppacTpYKTypa bull Ha 15022007 r n pa Bmec-2~ - ~ _ -= 1 shy0
Aana iI1 npenAOgtKeHvlRTa Ha TO pa3BV1TiI1e 101 6AarOYCTp0I1C- = - - - - ~ -- _ - _
Tbp-npellceAaTeA iI1 e Cepre~ CTaHiI1WeB iI1 KOHCTaHTiI1shyHOC KapaMaHAiI1C B ATiI1Ha PYCiI1A 5bMapil1A It1 IbPl1i11R nOAnil1CBaT iI1CTOp il1 yeCKOTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a peaAiI13ashyUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpOBOlla Ha cpeu(aTa e 1l0rOBopeHO 6bP30TO CTapTiI1paH8 Ha pa60TaTa Ha MnK C ueA CTpOshyiI1TeACTBOTO Aa 3anOYHe B HayaAOTO Ha 2008 r iI1lla npil1KshyAIo4vl AO 2011 r
bull Ha 2305 2007 r PYCKWIT napAaMeHT paTV1cpil1UiI1pa cnopa3YMeHiI1eTo C 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R 3a iI13rpagtKAaHeshyTO Ha HecpTonpOBOAa DOKYMeHTbT npenBiI1gtKAa Aa 6bAe Cb31laAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) KORTO Aa e co6CTBeHiI1K Ha CbOpbgtK8HiI1eTO
bull Ha 30052007 r 6MrapCKiI1RT napAaMeHT paTiI1cpil1uiI1pa nOnnil1CaHOTO B ATiI1Ha cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a CbTpYllHiI14ecTBo B CTpOil1TeACTBOTo iI1 eKCnAOaTaL(iI1RTa Ha HecpTOnpoBona
bull Ha 15062007 r PYCKVlRT npe3i11AeHT BAanvlMiI1p nYTiI1H nOllnil1CBa cpenepaeH 3aKOH 3a paTiI1cpil1KaUiI1R Ha pyCKOshy6MrapCKo-rpbUKoTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a HecpTonpOBolla
bull Ha 15112007 r Ha pa60THa cpeU(a B ATV1Ha e nocshyTiI1rHaT 3HaYiI1TeAeH HanpenbK Ha nperOBOpil1Te no yYpeshyARBaHeTO Ha MnK 3a peaAiI13aUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpoBolla AKUiI10Hep vlTe OT 5bMapil1sl IbPUiI1sl iI1 pyciI1sl ce norOBashypslT MnK Aa 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHAiI1R nOCTaBshyKiI1Te Ha He cpT na ce oCiI1rypRBaT iI13URAO OT PYCiI1R iI1 iI1HshyTepeCiI1Te Ha MagtK0pil1TapHV1Te aKUiI10HepV1 - 5bMapV1R iI1 IbPUV1R -Ila 6bnaT V13URAO 3aU(iI1TeHV1 AKUV1oHepil1 B M nK ca 5bMapV1R - C 24 5 4pe3 cpil1pMV1Te 5YMapra3 XOAshyAVlHr iI1 TexHoeKcnopTCTpOW IbPUiI1R - C 245 - LJpe3 CP il1pMvlTe Hellenic Petroleum VI Thraki - 06u(0 C 235 VI 1 3a rpbuKaTa AbpgtKaBa MagtK0pil1TOPHiI1RT aKUvl0shyHep B MnK - PYCiI1R (51 ) - e npenCTaBeHa OT Tpy60nshypOBonHblt1 KOHCOPUVlYM 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAiI1c B Hero YLJaCTB aT KOrvma HiI1i11Te TpaHC HecpTb POCshyHecpTb VI la3npOMHecp Tb u
bull Ha 18122007 r B MocKBa e nOnnVlcaHO cnopa3yshyMeHiI1e Megt+ltny pYCiI1sl 5bArapVlR iI1 IbPUiI1A 3a Cb3naBaHeshyTO Ha MnK KORTO lie 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHnil1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11neHT BAanil1MiI1p nYTiI1H 3aRBRBa 4e T03i11 aKT e npeAnOCAenHaTa CTbnKa KbM npaKTiI1yeCKaTa peshyaA11 3aUiI15i Ha np08KTa 5yprac - AAeKCaHnpynoAiI1c OcshyTaBa na 6bJJe nOnnllCaH 1l0KYMeHT KOIiiTO na rapaHTiI1pa pycKvtTe nOC-aBKI-1 Ha HecpT
bull Ha 11 01 2Q08 r B ATiI1Ha npenCTaBiI1TeAiI1Te Ha npoKshyTHaTa KO ral-A Ei yprac - AAeKcaHIlPynoAiI1c 5bArapil1sl Ha pye SI Tpb6onpoBoneH KOHCOPUiI1YM VI Ha rpbUKiI1R Xe cr n eTpo eYM 1~ DEn TpaKiI1 nOnnV1CBaT npyshy =-==- - C-OBOP 3a yypenRBaHeTO Ha MnK
bull - - bull 1801 2008 r no nOKaHa Ha npe3vl1leHTa ~ - - - b)32HOB Ha noceU(eHVle y Hac e PYCKiI1RT npeshy
--- ~ a I~ AV1 P nyTiI1H Ha ocpil1UiI1aAHa uepeMOHiI1R B - ~ -~ - e - o Ha JJBaMaTa npe3i11JJeHTiI1 ca nOnnil1CaHiI1 - middot~ -lra 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha AEll 5eAeHe rashy- 3 a lOgtKeH nOTOK VI HecpTonpOBona 5yprac shy- =- lti - pynoiI1c
bull - 602 2008 r B AMcTepAaM XOAaHnil1A e peril1cshy- a egtKAYHapoAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK)
t ~OBa HiI1eTO Trans Balkan Pipeline BV 3a iI13rshy---2-TO f1a HecpTonpoBoAa
cnopa3YMeHiI1 e nOlJ nil1 CaHO B 6 p-a bull Ha 15032007 r Ha OCP~IUI a -~ _ = ~
CbCTB iI1 8TO Ha np e3 111A8H a 8 ~
bull - =t 14 052009 r MiI1HiI1CTepCKVlRT CbBeT B3eMa peshy- shy = Ko eTO npeAB v1gtKna EibMapCKiI1RT eHeprV1eH XOAshy
3~X) EAD na npeXBbpAiI1 aKUiI1i11Te CiI1 B Kanil1TaAa
_ _ ~e_og_ra_p_h~y i_it_b_a_S_b~g______________ rEO~li~1tryenrnm~----------------------------5~~2~O~lOw_ww_g ~ _ l
Ha npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTonpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc - 51 An n o nOBOA Y4aCT Vl eTO Ha 5bMashypVlrl B HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlC C
TOBa peweHvle npeACTaBVlTeA Ha 6bMapCKaTa CTpaHa
B MegtKAYHapOAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl ll(e 6bAe nposhyeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTOnpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPYshy
nOAVlC - 51 An - eAHOAVl4HO ApYgtKeCTBO TeXHoeKCshynopTCTpOill EAn
bull Ha 01 092009 r npeMVlepbT 50illKO 50PVlCOB no BpeshyMe Ha Cpell(aTa C PYCKVlrl CVl KOAera BAaAVlMVlp nYTVlH B IAaHcK nOAwa 3a npbB nbT Vl3pa3rlBa n03VlUVlrlTa Ha npashyBVlTeAcTBoTO 4e CAOgtKHOCna Ha npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKshycaHApynoAVlc e cBbp3aHa C eKOAorVl4HVl np06AeMVl
bull Ha 18092009 r B COcentVlrl ce npOBegtKAa cpell(a Ha PYCKVlrl Ml1HVlCTbP Ha eHepreTVlKaTa Cepreill WMaTKo C
6bArapCKVlrl My KOAera Tpaill40 TpaIiiKOB no BpeMe Ha pa3rOBopVlTe ca pa3rAeAaHVl BagtKHVl acneKTVl OT Vl3rpagtKshy
AaHeTo Ha HecentTonpOBOAa 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
CBbp3aHVl Hail1-Be4e C oueHKa Ha eKOAorVl4HVlR PVlC K
bull Ha 09102009 rOAVlHa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKashyTa eHepreTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 3arlBrlBa
4e 5bMapVlrl He ce OTKa3Ba OT HecentTonpOBOAa C YT04shyHeHVleTO nOHe 3acera
bull Ha 13102009 r rAaBHVlrlT Vl3nbAHVlTeAeH AVlpeKshy
TOp Ha MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaliiH AAeKcaHAbp TapaKaHOB npeACTaBrl Ha MVlHVlCTbpa Ha VlKOHOMVlKashy
Ta eHepr eTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpalii40 TpaillKOB npoeKTa
3a HecentTonpOBOAa npVl npe3eHTaUVlrlTa aKueHTbT e nocshyTaBeH BbPXY Ha4VlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha HecentTa B aKshy
BaTOpVlrlTa Ha 5ypraCKVlrl 3aAVlB KaKTO Vl eKOAorVl4HaTa
cb06pa3HOCT npVl HerOBVlrl Vl360p CnopeA T TpaliiKOB OT eKOAorVl4Ha rAeAHa T04Ka nAaBall(VlrlT 6yill e no-noAshy
XOARll(OTO peweHVle npeABVlgtKAa ce MnK Aa Vl3rpaAVl HecentTonpOBOAa 00 2012 r Vl npe3 nbpBoTo nOAyr oAVle
Ha 2013 r Tolii Aa npeMVlHe np06HVl Vl3nVlTaHVlrl Pa60Tshy
HaTa My eKCnlOaTaUVlrl ce 04aKBa Aa 3an04He npe3 BTOshypaTa nOIOBVlHa Ha Cbll(aTa rOAI1Ha KaTO Ha nbpBVlrl eTan
ll(e ce TpaHcnopTVlpaT OKOAO 35 MAH t HecentT rOAVlWHO nOAOBVlHaTa OT TOBa KOM14eCTBO (175 MAH t) ll(e 6bAe
OT T Hap ypaAcKVl HecentT A06VlBaH OT PYCKVl HecentTeHVl KOMnaHVlVl a ApyraTa nOAOBVlHa ll(e 6bAe AOCTaBrlHa
OT KacnVlillC KVl rl Tpb60npOBOAeH KOHCOPUVlYM (KTK) B
KOillTO Y4 aCTBaT KOMnaHVlVlTe 6PVlTVlW neTpOAVlYM (BP) WeA (Shell) WeBpoH (Shevron) Vl AP OT KpaliiHVlrl nyHKT
Ha Tpb60npoBoAa - rpbUKoTO npVlCTaHVlll(e AAeKcaHAshy
pynoAVlc 50 OT HecentTa ll(e ce AOCTaBrl C TaHKepvl 00
cpeAVl3eMHoMopCKVl npVlCTa HVlll(a Ha ViTaAVlrl ltlpaHUVlrl
V1 ViCnaHVlrl a onaM no Cbll(eCTBYBall(aTa TPb60nposhy
BOAHa CVlCTeMa ll(e AOCTVlra 00 XOAaHAV1rl 5eMV1rl V1lepshy
MaHV1rl OCTaHaAV1Te 50 CLJV1TaHV1 KaTO npoAYKUV1rl Ha
aMepV1KaHcKaTa KOMnaHV1rl WeBpoH ll(e 6bAaT AOCTashyBRHV1 4pe3 VLCC TaHKepV1 00 CALl1
Ha BTOpV1rl eTan OT eKcnAOaraUV1rlTa Ha HecentTonposhy
BC)Aa ce npeABV1gtKAa YABOrlBaHe Ha 06eMVlTe AocTaBeshy1 OT KTK npV1 KoeTO HecentTonpOBOAbT ll(e AocTV1rHe
aKCV1MaIHV1R Cvl KanaUV1TeT - 70 MAH t TOBa OT CBOrl
o-pa Ha ll(e AOBeAe 00 cepV103Ho HaMaArlBaHe AeAbT Ha __ CK Vl rl Hecent T 3a CMeTKa Ha Ka3axcTaHCKV1rl A06V1BaH OT
- ~C04eHVlTe no-rope 3anaAHV1 KOMnaHV1V1
bull Ha 21102009 r BV1uenpe3VlAeHTbT Ha pycKaTa KOMshy
- poundgt-V1 R TpaHcHecentT MV1xaV1A 5apKoB OTXBbPArl TBbpAeshy
HVl5na 4e npOeKTbT 3a HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac -AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc HrlMa Aa 6bAe peaAVl3VlpaH CnopeA Heshy
ro T0 3Vl HeqnonpoBOA Vl HecentTonpOBOAbT CaMCYHshyngtKeil1xaH npe3 TYPUVlrl MoraT Aa Cbll(eCTBYBaT 6e3 KOHshy
KypeHUVlrl
bull Ha 22 102009 r no BpeMe Ha eAHOAHeBHO noceshy
ll(eHVle B MocKBa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKaTa eHepshy
reTV1KaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 06CbgtKAa C pycshyKVlrl CVl KOAera Cepreill WMaTKo peaAVl3aUVlrlTa Ha TpVlTe
eHeprVlillHVl npoeKTa - AEU 5eAeHe 1OgtKeH nOToK Vl 5yprac - A AeKcaHApynoAVlc Ll1LO ce OTHaCrl 00 nocshy
AeAHVlrl TO Tolii Vl3rAegtKAa e nOCTaBeH Ha Vl3nVlTaHVle 3ashy
paAVl aHaAorVl4Hvlrl npoeKT 3a HecentTonpOBOA CaMCYHshy
ngtKeillxaH npe3 TYPUVlR TpaillKOB Ka3Ba Vi TOBa e HashywaTa rAeAHa T04Ka AKO 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
e AOCTaTb4Ho 060CHOBaH TO ToraBa HeKa ro VlMa
OT V13AOgtK8HaTa XpoHoAorVl51 Ha nO-BagtKHV1T8 MOM8Hshy
TV1 OT V1cTOpV151Ta Ha T Hap np08KT 5yprac- AA8KcaHshy
LlpynoAVlc MoraT Lla C8 HanpaB51T H51KOAKO OCHOBHV1
V13BOLla
nbpBO LJe npV1 HV1TO eLlV1H OT eTanV1Te Ha HerOBaTa
16-roLlV1wHa V1CTOPV151 He ca nOCTaB51HV1 3a 06CbgtKLaHe
eKOAOrV1LJHV1Te acneKTVl Ha TaHK8pHVl51 npeB03 no Mapshy
wpYTa HOBOPOCVlillCK- 5yprac- HOBOPOCV1i1lCK 101 eBeHshy
TyaAHVlT8 np06AeMV1 KOVlTO ca CBbp3aHVl C Hero
BTopo LJe eLlBa OT eceHTa Ha 2009 r eKOAOrVlLJHaTa
T8Ma npVlcbcTBa MaKap Vl enVl30LlVlLJHO npV1 06CbgtKLashy
HeTO Ha np08KTa Ha eLlHO VlAVl Llpyro paBHV1Uje HO caMO
no OTHoweHVle HaLJVlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha Hecjna B
aKBaTopVl51Ta Ha 5ypracKVl51 3aAVlB
TpeTO LJe Vl LlO MOMeHTa Bce oUje H51Ma LlOKAaLl3a
Ol(eHKa Ha Bb3L1eillcTBVleTO BbPXY OKOAHaTa Cp8L1a
(OBOC) He caMO 3a CYX038MHaTa HO Vl 3a MopCKaTa
LJaCT Ha npoeKTa
YeTBbpTO He e RCHO V1Ma AVl 0651BeHa 06UjeCTB8Ha
nOpbLJKa OT CTpaHa MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaillH 3a
Vl360p Ha Vl3nbAHV1T8A 3a Vl3roTB51He HaLlOMar3a OBOC
3a Lla ce pa36epe cbUjHocna Vl cepVl03Hocna Ha
8KOAOrVlLJHVl51 np06AeM CBbp3aHCTaHKepHVl51 npeB03
Ha H8cjn no MapwpyTa HOBOPOCVlillcK - 5yprac cAeLlshy
Ba Lla ce pa3rAeLlaT HaKpaTKo H51KOVl nO-BagtKHVl xapaKshy
TepVlcTVlKVl Ha 48PHOMOPCKV151 6aceillH
npVlpODHVl Vl aHTponoreHHVl cpaKTOpVl VI YCIIOBVl51
3a 3aMbpC51BaHeTO Ha LJepHo Mope
4epHO Mope npeLlCTaBA51Ba TVlnVlLJeH nOAY3aTBOshy
peH MegtKLlYKOHTVlHeHTaAeH 6aC8VlH 3aeMaUj6AV130
420 000 km2OT reorpacpcKoTo npocTpaHcTBo MegtKLW
IOrOVl3TOLJHa EBpona Vl MaAa A3V151 BOLlVlT8 My C 068M
548 000 km 3 3anbABaT Haill-LlbA60KaTa H8030illcKa
Ll8np8cVl51 Ha 3eM51Ta B XVlLlpOAOrVlLJHO OTHoweHVle
TOVl cnaLla KbM 6ac8VlHa Ha ATAaHTV1LJeCKVl51 OK8aH 101
ce 51B51Ba LJaCT OT rOA51MoToFoMaHcKo CpeLlV138MHO
Mope 06MeHbT Ha LJepHOMOpCKVlTe BOLlVl CbC CBeshy
TOBHVl51 OKeaH e CVlAHO 3aTpYLlHeH 101 ce OCbUj8CTB51Ba
7
52010 rEIi vvwwgeograph - bg ~---=--------------- II1~~ iJ1jf]f--------=---=--~--
eAVlHCTBeHo Ype3 TeCHVlfl (07 - 37 km) Vl cpaBHVlT8shy
HO H8Ab6oK (275-121 m) 60CcentOpCKVl npoToK TOBa
06cToflTecTBo VlMa Vl3KoYVlT8HO rOflMa POfl 3a
npoAbgt+ltVlT8HOTO 3aAbpgt+ltaH8 Ha TBbPA8 pa3Hoo6shy
pa3HaTa raMa OT 3aMbpcflBau(Vl B8u(8cTBa KOVlTO nocshy
TbnsaT s 6ac8i1Ha
nOCpeJlCTBOM JlOHOTO 60CCPOpCKO Te4eHII1e B YepHO
Mope roJlIl1WHO nOCTbnBaT OKOO 230 km3 MpaMopHoMOPshy
CKII1 BOJlIl1 CbC coeHOCT 37-38 0 Te3111 nbTHII1 Tegt+ltKII1
BOJlIl1 3anbBaT no-rOMlMaTa 4aCT OT Jlb60KOBOJlHaTa 4epshy
HOMopcKa KOTOBII1Ha 06paTHo KbM MpaMopHO Mope 1113shy
TII14aT roJlIl1WHO OKOO 485 km3 4epHOMOpCKII1 BOJlIl1 C npll16shy
1113111TeHO JlBoiilHO nO-HII1CKa coeHOCT BbnpocbT 3a Kashy
KbB nepll10Jl ce 06HoBflBaT 1I1311flO BOJlIl1Te Ha 4epHO Mope
e Bce Ol1le JlIl1CKYCII10HeH CnopeJl eJlHII1 olleHKII1 TOBa CTashy
Ba npll161113111TeHO Ha 11Il1Kb OT 150-200 rOJlIl1HII1 cnopeJl
JlPyrll1 Ha 400 a cnopeJl TpeTII1 - Ha 1000 rOJlIl1HII1
OCBeH 3aTpYJlHeHII1fl BOJlo06MeH Megt+ltJlY JlBaTa 6aceiilshy
Ha KoiilTO onpeJlefl cnellll1cpll14HaTa XII1Jlpoorll14Ha
CTpYKTypa Ha 4epHO Mope OT eKoorll14Ha reJlHa T04Ka
Bagt+lteH cpaKTOp ce flBflBa Ka4eCTBOTO Ha nOCTbnBal1lIl1Te
MpaMopHOMOPCKII1 BOJlIl1 3a TeXHlI1fl npIl1HOC B 111 6e3 TOshy
Ba Te gt+ltKaTa eKoorll14Ha 06CTaHOBKa Ha 4epHO Mope MOshy
gt+lte Jla ce CbJlIl1 OT cpaKTa 4e Jlbrll1flT 33 km 50CCPOPCKII1
npoToK ce 1I13nO3Ba KaTO eCTeCTBeH OTXOJleH KaHa 3a
6111TOBII1 111 TeXHoorll14HII1Te OTnaJlHII1 npOJlYKTII1 Ha HaJl
15-MII11I10HHOTO HaceeHlI1e Ha VlcTaH6y
Ha ceBep 4pe3 Kep4eHCKII1fl npoToK 4epHO Mope ce CBbpshy
3Ba C nAlI1TKOTO (MaKC Jlb6 14 m) A30BCKO Mope KaTO roshy
JlIl1WHO OT Hero npll1eMa 38 km3 a OTJlaBa 29 km3 BOJlIl1
no CII1aTa Ha CBoeTO reorpacpcKo noogt+lteHlI1e 111 reoshy
Ogt+ltKa eBoOllll1fl CII1CTeMaTa 4epHO Mope - A30BCKO
Mope npIl1Te r fl nOBbpXHOCTHlI1fl OTTOK OT Tepll1TOpll1fl
C nol1l OKOO 2 5 MH km2 no TaKbB Ha4111H BbPXY BCeKII1
KBaJlpaTeH MeTbp OT aKBaTOpll1flTa Ha Ta3111 CII1CTet a Bb 3shy
JleiilCTBaT OKOO 5 5 m2 OT HeiilHlI1fl BOJloc60peH 6ace 71 H
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce oT6eegt+ltlI1 4e TOBa CbOTHOshy
WeHlI1e 3a llelI1fl CBeToBeH OKeaH e caMO 04 m2 Te
OKOO 14 nbTII1 nO-MaKO
B rpaHlI1llll1Te Ha T03111 orpoMeH no CBOIl1Te pa3Mepll1
BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH pa3BII1T npeJlIl1MHO BbPXY KOHTII1 -
HeHTa EBpona 111 nO-MaKO BbPXY A3111fl ce BKo4BaT Teshy
PIl1TOpll1l11Te Ha 17 cYBepeHHII1 Jlbpgt+ltaBII1 C HaceeHlI1e HaJl
300 MH JlYWII1 TOBa ca ABCTPll1fl 5eopYClI1fl 5bMashy
pll1fl 50cHa 111 XepllerOBII1Ha iepMaHlI1fl ipY3l11fl PYMbshy
HlI1fl PYClI1fl CoBaKlI1fl CoBeHlI1fl Cbp6l11fl 4epHa ropa
XbPBaTlI1fl 4 ex II1fl TYPUlI1fl YKpaii1Ha 111 YHrapll1fl nOBe4eshy
TO OT Te3111 CTpaHII1 ce OTII14aBaT C BII1COKa CTeneH Ha
yp6aHlI13aUlI1fl II1HJlYCTpll1aII13aUII1fl 111 XII1MII13allll1fl Ha 3eshy
MeJleCKOTO np0Il13BOJlCTBO OmaJlHII1Te npOJlYKTII1 OT KOshy
II1TO 4pe3 OTTOKa (392 km3 roJl) Ha raBHII1Te pe4HII1 CII1Cshy
TeMII1 (DYHaB DHenbp DHecTbp DOH lOgt+lteH 5yr 111 Jlp )
nOCTbnBaT B 4epHO Mope
Haii1-roflM Jlfl 3a 3aMbpCflBaHeTO Ha 4epHO Mope
06a4e II1MaT CTpaHII1Te OT BOJloc60PHII1fl 6aceii1H Ha p
DYHaB nOl1lTa Ha KOiilTO Bb3II13a Ha 817 000 km2 Te
n04TV1 2 nbTII1 no-rOflMa OT Ta3111 Ha KpaiilHlI1fl npll1eMHII1K
TYK cpYHKllll1oHlI1paT OKOO 30 XII1 roeMII1 111 CpeJlHII1 npeJlshy
npll1flTlI1fl KaTO caMO 30 OT TflX ca 060pYJlBaHII1 CbC
cbBpeMeHHII1 II1HCTaallll1111 3a npe4111cTBaHe Ha OmaJlHII1shy
Te BOJlIl1 OKOO 5 5 X 111 t ca 61110reHHII1Te 111 OpraHII14HII1
Bel1lecTBa KOIl1TO p DYHaB BHaCfl B 4epHOMOpCKII1fl 6ashy
ceiilH CbC CBOfl 200 km3 rOJlIl1WeH OTTOK
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce noc04111 4e II1HJlll1peKTshy
HlI1flT 6brapCKII1 npIl1HOC B 3aMbpcflBaHeTo Ha 4epHO
Mope ce cpopMlI1pa BbPXY nol1l OT 45 732 km2 Te caMO
5 6 OT llelI1fl DYHaBcKII1 BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH Ol1le noshy
cKpoMeH e JlebT Ha 6brapCKII1Te 4epHOMOpCKII1 peKII1 C
TeXHlI1fl CpeJlHoroJlIl1WeH OTT OK OT 18 km3 KOiilTO ce cpopshy
MlI1pa BbPXY Tepll1TOpll1fl OT 16930 km2
c ~ lt0 1 BbJna (kn)
ri 01 - 0 3 shy 0 3 - 0 5
0 5 - 07
~ e pHO Mope
- of = sea cu rrents
iEOiPAC)V151
-
I
_w_w_w_-=g_ _ap_hy_i_it_b_a_S_ rEOtd~tyenrrnI--_______________ 52_0_1~Oeog=-f b--=g~_______
(Jur 4 CxeMa Ha MopcKiIITe Te4eHiII51 npeA 6b11rapCKiII51 6p51r Fug 4 Diagram of the sea currents close to the Bulgarian shore
OT Ka3aHOTO no-rope He e TPYAHO Aa ce BVIAVI -le Tpeshy
BOgtKHaTa eKOIIOrVl-lHa c VlTyaUVl51 B YepHO Mope B Hail1-roshy
III1Ma CTeneH e nopOAeHa OT centaKTOpVl rllaBHVlI1T Megt+ltoY
KOVITO e p DYHas npOI1SI1BaLLVI ce AaAe-l OT HeroBoTo
Kpaill6pegtKVle B TeCHVl51 CMVlCbA Ha AYMaTa ETO 3aLUO 33shy
AbAgtKeHVle VI OTroBOPHOCT Ha BCVI-lKVI npaSVlTellCTBeHVI VlHshy
CTVlryUVIVI VI HenpaBVlTellCTseHVI opraHVl3auVlVI OT uellVl51
DYHaSCKVl6aceillH e Aa npVleMaT KOHKpeTHVI VI cneWHVI
npaKTVI-leCKVI MepKVI 3a CBegt+ltoaHe AO MVlHVlMYM npVlTOKa
Ha 3aMbpCI1BaU(VlTe seU(eCTBa -lpe3 pe-lHVlI1 onOK
Dpyra rlIaBHa BagtKHa oc06eHOCT Ha Y epHO Mope KOshy
51TO ro npaBVI oc06eHo -lysCTBVlTeIlHO KbM HapaCTBaU(oTO
3aMbpc51BaHe VI pecentlIeKTVlpa BbPXY Vl3MeHeHVll1Ta Ha Heshy
roBVlTe eKocVlcTeMVI ce KpVle B cneUVIcentVI-lHaTa My XVlAPOshy
1I0rVl-lHa VI XVIApox VlMVI-l Ha CTpYKrypa VI pegtKVlM To e Haillshy
rolleMVl51T MepOMVlKTVI-leH (CVlIIHO pa3clloeH 6ell peA)
MopCKVl6aceil1H Ha 3eMI1Ta KaTO 3a Hero e xapaKTepHO
nOCTOI1HHO pa3CII051BaHe Ha BOAaTa nOMbpgtKaHO OT Bepshy
TVlKaAHVl I1 rpaAVleHT Ha nllbTHocna no BepT~1KaAa BOAshy
HaTa Maca ce pa3AeAl1 Ha 30CHOBHVl30HVI
nbpBaTa 30Ha e KVlCllopoAHaTa (aep06HaTa) VI 06xshy
BaU(a CliO 51 AO AbA6o-lVlHa 100-200 m B HeR c a HaMeshy
peHVI nellarVl4HVI gtKVlBOTHVI AO 150 m AbA604V1Ha a Ab Hshy
HVI - OT 130 AO 160 m B cesepHVlTe pailloHVI Ha 6ace il1Ha
VI OT 175 AO 200 m B pailloHa Ha 60ccentopa
rEorPACDV151
BTOpaTa 30Ha Hape-leHa npOMegt+ltoYTb-lHa VI Vl3BeCshy
THa OLLe KaTO peAOKC30Ha Vl3MeH51 Ae6ellVlHaTa CVI or
20 m no nepVlcentepVl51Ta Ha 6aceillHa AO 120 m B lleHTshy
pallHVlTe My -laCTVI npVl cpeAHa CToillHOCT - 50 m 3a
HeR e xapaKTepHO CbBMeCTHOTO CbLLeCTBYBaHe Ha KVlCshy
1I0pOA VI cepOBOAopOA
T peTaTa aHaepo6Ha 30Ha 06XBaLUa BOAHaTa Maca Ha
6aceillHa OT AbA60-lVlHV1150-250 mAO AbHOTO (MaKCVIshy
MaAHa AbA60-lVlHa 2245 m) T 51 3aeMa 873 OT 06LUVl51
06eM Ha 6aceil1Ha HaCVlTeHa CbC cepoBoAopoA VI e cpaBshy
HVlTellHO nOCT051HHa nOpaAVl 3arpYAHeHara llVlpKYallVl51
Ha BOAHVlTe MacVI ETo 3aLUO B TOBa OTHoweHVle YepHO
Mope ce OlleH51Ba KaTO eAVlH npVlpOAHo06peMeHeH CbC
3aMbpc51BaLLVI BeLLeCTBa (cepoBOAopoA) 6aceil1H
Ha centOHa Ha Ta3V1 06peMeHeHOCT Ha 6aceil1Ha cepVlshy
03Hvl Vl3MeHeHVl51 HaCTbnBaT B HeroBaTa XVlApOAOrVl-lHa
VI XVlAPOXVlMVI-lHa CTpYKTypa VI pegtKVlM nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha
-lOBeWKaTa Aeil1HoCT T 51 ce Vl3pa351Ba B -lYBCTBVlTeIlHOshy
TO HaMaA51BaHe npVlTOKa Ha pe-lHVI BOAVI BClleACTBVle Ha
nOBceMeCTHOTO Vl3rpagt+ltoaHe Ha xVlApOTeXHVI-leCKVI Cbshy
OpbgtKeHVl51 no nOpe-lVl51Ta Ha -lepHOMOpCKVlTe peKVI VI
VlHTeH3V1BHOTO pa3BVl f Vle Ha nOIlVlBHOTO 3eMeAellVle B
pe3YTaT Ha TOBa ce Ha61110AaBa nOBVlwaBaHe Ha COshy
AeHOCTTa Ha BOAVlTe B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT Ha 6ashy
ceil1Ha C 0 2 0 CnopeA H51KOVI Vl311eAOBaTellVl nO-Hashy
TaTbWHOTO CbKpaLLaBaHe Ha pe-lHVl51 OTTOK MOgtKe Aa
AOBeAe AO YBeAVI-laBaHe COlleHocna C 2 0 caMO ClleA
H51 KOIIKO AeceTVllleTVl51 HecbMHeHo Ta3V1 Tpail1Ha TeHshy
AeHllVl51 LLe BHece cbU(ecTBeHVI Vl3MeHeHVl51 B CTPYKTYshy
para VI centYHKllVlOHVlpaHeTO Ha MopcKVlTe eKOCVlCTeMVI
nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha pe-lHVl51 onOK VI Ha CVlHOnTVI-lHaTa
06cTaHoBKa HaA 6aceC1Ha BCAeAcTBVle Ha reorpacentCKOshy
TO My nOIlOgtKeHVle B Hero ce centopMVlpaT nOBbpXHOCTHVI
KBa3 V1cTallVlOHapHVI Te-leHVl51 (centVlr 3) 3a aKBaTopVl51Ta
Ha 6bMapcKVl51 ceKTop OT rAeAHa TO-lKa Ha 3aMbpc51shy
BaHeTO TBbpAe roll51Ma e pOIl51Ta Ha 3anaAHVl5111VlKAOshy
HaAeH BVlXbP VI no-TO-lHO Ha Ta3V1 Herosa -laCT K051TO e
Vl3BeCTHa KaTO K)gtKHO (DI1BOIICKO PYMeIlVlil1cKo) Te-leshy
HVle OCHoBHa npVl-l VlHa 3a HerosoTo 3apagt+ltoaHe ca pe-lshy
HVlTe BOAVI KOVITO nOCTbnsaT B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT
Ha 6aceillHa 06eMbT Ha KOVITO CbCTaBII51Ba OKOIIO 75 OT cYMapHVlI1 roAVlweH pe-leH onOK
B rpaHVlllVlTe Ha HaWVlI1 ceKTOp Ha YepHO Mope K)gtKshy
HOTO Te-leHVle HaBIIVl3a CbC CKOPOCT 7 - 8 kmh a cpeAshy
HaTa e 3-5 km h nOA BAVIR HVleTO Ha KOHcentVlrypallVl51Ta
Ha 6pera VI CVlHOnTVI-lHVlTe YCIIOBVl51 ce 06pa3ysaT ABa
UVlKIIOHallHVI BVlXbpa C pa3MepVl 20-40 k m s pail10Ha Ha
H KallVlaKpa - BapHa VI s AbIl60KoBp513aHVlI1 B cywaTa
6ypracKVI 3allVlB (centVlr 4) Ha pa3cT051HVle 1-3 km OT
6pera ce centopMVlpa npoTVlBOTe-leHVle C nOCOKa or lor Ha
ceBep Haill-A06pe Vl3pa3eHo MegtKAY YCTVleTo Ha p Peshy
30BCKa VI C030noll H EMVlHe H rallaTa VI cesepHo OT
H KaAVlaKpa B OTAellHVI cIIY-laVl s 3aSVlCVlMOCT OT KOHshy
KpeTHaTa x VlApoMeTeopOIIOrVl-lHa 06cTaHosKa Sb3HVlKshy
BaT VI aHTVlUVlKIIOHaAHVI SVlXPVl B lleHTpaAHaTa -laCT Kbshy
9
-5-2-0-10----------------------------- rE()~I~tr)rrn~ ~iit~b~a~s~b~g~ ~~----------____~W~W~~v~g~eo~g~r~a~ph~)~
AeTO CTaSa nOTbSaHe Ha nOSbpXHOCTHIt1Te SOAIt1
nplt1 TaKa OyepTaHaTa cxeMa Ha TeyeHIt1RTa He e TpYAshy
HO Aa ce SIt1AIt1 ye S cpaSHeHlt1e C OCTaHaAlt1Te ceKTopvl Ha
LJepHo MOpe 6birapCKOTO MOPCKO npoCTpaHCTSO e nOAshy
AOgtKeHO Ha Ha~HOARM It1 nOCTORHeH aHTponoreHeH YAap
npORSRSal1 ce KocseHO Ype3 nOSIt1WeHIt1Te KOHueHTpashy
UIt1It1 Ha 3aMbpCRSal11t1 seLWeCTsa OT URAa CpeAHa It1 V13shy
TOYHa Espona HOCeHIt1 OT IOgtKHOTO TeyeHlt1e
EKOiOrVlYHVI acneKTVI Ha TaHKepHVl51 npeB03 Ha KaCnVlIl1CKVI HecpT npe3 LJepHo Mope
KaKTO CTasa RCHO OT 1t13AOgtKeHaTa no-rope XpOHOshy
AOrIt1R npe3 nOCAeAHIt1Te roAIt1HIt1 TSbpAe MHOro MaCTIt1shy
AO ce 1t13nlt1Ca 3a npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoshy
AV1C npeASV1gtKAaLW npeXSbpM1HeTO Ha HecentT OT CpeAshy
Ha A3V1R It1 KaCnIt1I11CKV1R 6aCell1H 3a IOgtKHa Espona It1
Hall1-SeYe 3a MRCTOTO Ha 5bArapV1R S Hero
HapeA C reonOAV1TV1yeCKV1Te V1 V1KOHOMlt1yeCKV1Te acshy
neKTV1 Ha T03V1 npoeKT HeCbMHeHO Hall1-SagtKHV1RT e eKOshy
AOrV1YHV1flT nO-AOAY aKueHTbT e SbPXY eKOAOrV1YHIt1Te
aCneKTIt1 caMO Ha TaHKepHIt1R npeS03 no OTce4KaTa Hoshy
SOPOCIt1I11CK - 5yprac
3a Aa ce OCb3Hae S AbA60YV1Ha cepV103HOCTTa Ha
eKOAOrV1YHV1R PV1CK OT TpaHCnOpTlt1paHeTO Ha HecentT Ype3
TaHKepV1 ce HaAara MaKap It1 CbsceM HaKpaTKO Aa ce
aHaAV13V1pa aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepHV1R centAOT It1 3aMbpshy
CflsaHeTO Ha CseTOSHV1R OKeaH
EAIt1HOAYWHO e MHeHlt1eTO Ha cneUV1aAIt1CTV1Te ye OT
SCV1YKIt1 SIt1Aose 3aMbpCRsaHe Ha aKsaTopV1RTa Ha Cseshy
TOSHIt1R OKeaH nOHaCTORLWeM HecentTeHOTO e npIt1A06V1AO
r A06aAeH xapaKTep To He caMO e Hall1-pa3npOCTpaHeshy
HOTO HO It1 C Hall1-Tpall1HV11t1 onaCHV1 nOCAeAIt1UIt1 3a MOpshy
CKaTa cpeAa V1 Kpall16pegtKHIt1Te eKOCV1CTeMV1
Hall1-06LWO Cbl1eCTsysaT Asa TV1na HecentTeHO 3aMbpshy
CRsaHe XpOHV1YHO V1 asapV1I11HO nbpSV1RT Tlt1n ce OCbshy
LWeCTSRsa nOCTORHHO S TeyeHlt1e Ha AbAbr rlepIt10A HO
CbC CpaSHIt1TeAHO HV1CKV1 KOHueHTpauV1V1 Vl3TOYHIt1UV1
Ha Tosa 3aMbpCRsaHe ca CTonaHCKaTa Aell1HOCT Ha YOshy
seKa Ha KOHTV1HeHTV1Te It1 S OKeaHV1Te KaKTO V1 eCTeCTshy
seHOTO npOHIt1KSaHe Ha HecentT no TeKTOHCKV1 Hapyweshy
HV1R Ha OKeaHCKOTO (MOpCKO) AbHO 06l1OTO rOAIt1 WHO
KOAV1yeCTSO Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTV1 nOCTbnsaLWO S
CSeTOSHIt1R OKeaH e 13-14 MAH t OT KOV1TO 4-5 MAH t ca OT aHTponoreHeH npoV13xoA To e MHOro no-roARMO
OT Tosa SCAeACTSV1e Ha asapV1V1 C TaHKeplt1 Ho V1MeHHO
aSaplt1111HIt1Te pa3AV1sV1 Ha HecentT HaHaCRT Ha MopcKaTa
cpeAa Hall1-rOAeMV1 eKOAOrV1YHIt1 nOpagtKeHV1R Tbll1 KaTO
It1MaT 3aAnos xapaKTep KOIl1TO V13KAIoYsa Sb3MOgtKshy
HOCTTa 3a 6bp3a aAamaUlt1fl Ha npV1poAHaTa cpeAa OT
nOpa3eHIt1TeOKeaHCKIt1(MopCKIt1)npocTpaHcTsaHeHa
nOCAeAHO MRCTO e ye 3aAnosV1RT pa3AV1s S 3HaYV1shy
TeiHa CTeneH OrpaHlt1yaSa Sb3MOgtKHOCTTa 3a 6bp3a
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12
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bull Ha 2 11 2002 r npl-1 nOC8weHI-1eTO Ha 6bArapCKI-1fl
MI-1HI-1CTbp-np8Ac8AaTeA CI-1MeOH CaKcK06yproTcKI-1 B
ATI-1Ha e B38TO nOAI-1TI-14eCKO peWeHI-18 3a paBHO AflAOBO
Y4aCTI-18 B npoeKTa Ha 6bArapl-1fl IbPll-1fl 1-1 PYCl-1fl
bull Ha 29012003 r 6bArapCKI-1flT ML-1HI-1CTbP Ha p8rL-10 shy
HaAHOTO pa3BI-1TI-1e 1-1 6AaroycTpoillCTBOTO BaA8HTI-1H Ueshy
POBCKI-1 nOAnl-1CBa B ATI-1Ha Tpl-1CTpaH8H M8MopaHAYM 3a
p eaAL-13all-1flTa Ha npoeKTa C T031-1 AOKYM8HT C8 AaBa
npaBo Ha paBHO AflAOBO Y4aCTI-1e 3a BCflKa 8AHa OT TPI-1shy
Te CTpaHI-1 KaTO C8 YT04HflBa 48 T8 CaMI-1 MoraT Aa onshy
p 8AeMT KOL-1 CPI-1PMI-1 llle Y4aCTBaT OT TflXHO I-1Me B nposhy
8 KTa PYCl-1fl OTKa3Ba Aa nOAnl-1W8 M8MopaHAYMa
bull Ha 17042003 r e Y4peA8Ha KOMnaHl-1flTa TpaHC
6 aAKaH OillA naillnAaillH 6bArapl-1fl B KOflTO OCBeH 6bAshy
-a pcKara Abp)KaBa Y4acTBaT L-1 7 4a CTHI-1 APYgtK8CTBa
bull Ha 19 1-1 2010 2004 r Ha nOCeW8HI-18 B 5bMapl-1fl e
~ HI-1CTbPbT Ha npOMI-1WAeHOCna 1-1 eHepr8TI-1KaTa Ha
gt YCl-1fl BI-1KTOP XpI-1CTeHKo KaTo KAIo40B MOMeHT B p8ashy
)13 I-1paH8TO Ha npo8KTa 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAl-1c
- f onp8AeAfl H8rOBara I-1KOHOMI-148CKa 8CP8KTI-1BHOCT
bull Ha 02112004 r CTaBa flCHO 48 no I-1Aefl Ha np831-1shy
== a Ha Abp)KaBHaTa KOMnaHl-1fl TpaHCHecpT PYCl-1fl
I-1CAfl 1-13rpa)KAaH8TO Ha H8 cpTonpOBOAa CaMCYH shy
= e vX aH npe3 TYPUl-1fl KaTO aATepHaTL-1Ba Ha 5yprac
e KcaHAPynoAl-1c
bull Ha 4 1-1 5 112004 r B ATI-1Ha ce npOBe)KAa cpewa Ha
_ e p TL-1 OT 6bArapl-1fl PYCl-1fl 1-1 IbPll-1fl nOCTL-1rHaTa e
30 peHocT np08KTbT Aa ce pea AI-131-1pa 6e3 KBOTI-1 3a
OTAeAHI-1Te Abp)KaBI-1 1-1 Ha OCHOBaTa Ha 4aCTHaTa I-1Hl-1ll-1shy
aTI-1Ba 1-1 na3apHI-1 npl-1Hll-1nl-1 npeABI-1)KAa ce Aa ce npl-1Bshy
A8KaT rOA8MI-1 H8CPT8HI-1 1-1 I-1HB8CTI-1lI-10HHI-1 KOMnaHI-1I-1
bull Ha 25112004 r npaBI-1T8ACTBOTO Ha 6bMapl-1fl
oA06pflBa M8MopaHAYMa cnopeA KOIl1TO H8cpTonpoBoshy
AbT we ce 1-13rpa)KAa 1-13lflAO Ha na3apHI-1 npl-1Hll-1nl-1
bull Ha 91-1 10032005 r B MocKBa ce npOB8)KAa cp8wa
Ha paBHI-1W8 MI-1HI-1CTPI-1 3a 06Cb)KAaH8 Ha np06A8MI-1T8
no peaAI-13alI-1fl Ha np08KTa KaTO e P8W8HO AO 15 anpl-1A
CbwaTa roAI-1Ha 6bArapl-1fl IbPll-1fl 1-1 P YCl-1fl Aa nOAnl-1shy
waT Tpl-1CTpaHHl-1fl M8MopaHAYM npl-18TO 8 np8AAO)K8HI-1shy
8TO Ha 6bArapCKI-1fl MI-1HI-1CTbP BaA8HTI-1H U8POBCKI-1 3a
np08KTHO cpl-1HaHCI-1paH8 Ha HecpTonpOBOAa Ha OCHOBashy
Ta Ha na3apHI-1 npl-1Hll-1nl-1 CAeA AOKa3BaHe Ha I-1KOHOMI-1shy
48CKaTa My 8CP8KTI-1BHOCT 1-1 leA8Cb06pa3HOCT
bull Ha 12042005 r B COCPl-1fl Tpl-1T8 CTpaHI-1 nOAnI-1Cshy
BaT M8MopaHAYMa
bull Ha 27052005 r cAeA 3aC8AaHI-18 Ha Tpl-1CTpaHHl-1fl
KOMI-1T8T 8 nOAnl-1CaH npOTOKOA CbrAaCHO KOIl1TO C8 onshy
p8A8Afl 6 -MeC848H CpOK Ha KOMnaHI-1I-1T8 peW8HI-1 Aa y4acshy
TBaT B np08Kra Aa nOAroTBflT np0l8Aypl-1Te no Cb3AaBashy
H8 Ha M8gtKUYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHl-1fl C KOHKpeTHO
np0l8HTHO pa3npeA8AeHI-18 Ha Y4aCTl-1eTO
bull Ha 17032006 r PYCKI-1 L-1 rpblKL-1 0cpL-1lL-1aAHL-1 np8Ashy
CTaBL-1T8AL-1 npOB8)KAaT B ATL-1Ha cpewa Ha KOflTO e 06shy
CbA8H XOAbT Ha L-13nbAHeHL-1e Ha np08KTa
bull Ha 03052006 r 6bArapCKOTo npaBL-1T8ACTBO B38Ma
peWeHI-18 Aa 6bAaT npeAnpL-18TL-1 A8i11CTBL-1fl 3a npeKpaTfl shy
BaH8 Y4aCTL-18TO Ha Abp)KaBaTa B KOMnaHL-1flra TpaHc
6aAKaH OillA naillnAaillH 6bArapl-1fl AD - COCPL-1fl npL-141-1shy
HaTa 8 48 HI-1TO 8AI-1H OT aKlL-10H8PL-1T8 B Ta3L-1 KOMnaHL-1fl
HflMa Onl-1T B L-13nbAHeHL-18TO Ha roAeMI-1 M8)KAYHapOAHI-1
np08KTL-1 L-1 Tfl H8 MO)Ke Aa L-1rpa8 pOAflTa Ha npeACTaBL-1shy
T8A Ha 6bArapCKaTa CTpaHa B L-1HB8CTL-1lL-10HHaTa cpa3a
Ha np08KTa L-1 B 6bAewaTa Me)KAYHapOAHa np08KTHa KOMshy
naHL-1fl Ta3L-1 L-1HCPOPMalL-1fl np8AL-13BL-1KBa He3a6aBHa P8shy
aKlL-1fl OT rpblKa CTpaHa KaTO BbHWHL-1flT ML-1HL-1CTbP Doshy
pa 6aKOflHI-1 L-1CKa pa3flCH8HL-1fl OT 6bArapCKI-1fl CI-1 KOA8ra
li1BaillAo KaAcpL-1H nOCAeAHL-1flT fl YBepflBa 48 TOBa 8 BbTshy
p8weH Bbnpoc 1-1 48 L-1HTepeCbT Ha 6bArapCKOTO npaBI-1shy
TeACTBO KbM npoeKTa OCTaBa HenpOM8H8H
bull Ha 04 052006 r n03L-1lL-1flTa Ha 6bArapL-1fl 8 nOTBbpshy
A8Ha OT ML-1HI-1CTbp-np8AceAaT8Afl Cepr8111 CTaHL-1WeB
npL-1 cpewaTa My C KOAeraTa CL-1 KOCTac KapaMaHAL-1C 1-1 C
ML-1HI-1CTbpa Ha BbHWHL-1Te pa60TI-1 Dopa 6aKOflHL-1
bull Ha 16052006 r B MocKBa ML-1HL-1CTbPbT Ha L-1KOHOshy
ML-1KaTa L-1 8H8pr8TL-1KaTa PYM8H OB4apoB no Bp8M8 Ha
cp8waTa CL-1 C np83L-1A8HTa Ha la3npoM AA8KC8i11 ML-1shy
A8p OCB8H BbnpOCL-1T8 3a AOCTaBKaTa L-1 TpaH31-1Ta Ha
npL-1pOA8H ra3 3a L-1 npe3 6bArapL-1fl 06Cb)KAaT L-1 np08KTa
6yprac - AA8KcaHAPynOAL-1C A ML-1Aep cb06waBa 4e
np8AI-1WHL-1fl A8H (15 05) 8 Cb3AaA8Ha KOMnaHL-1flra la3shy
npOMH8cpT KOflTO we e KOOpAL-1HL-1pawO OT pYCKa CTpashy
Ha YT04HeHO 8 4e HflMa npOMflHa B AflAOBOTO Y4aCTL-18
3a L-13rpagtKAaH8TO Ha H8cpTonpOBOAa T8 PYCL-1fl W8 L-1Ma
51 a 5bArapL-1fl 1-1 IbPlL-1fl - no 245 bull Ha 0106 2006 r C peW8HL-1e Ha npaBL-1T8ACTBOTO e
06flB8HO 48 npoeKTHaTa KOMnaHL-1fl HecpTOnpOBOA 5ypshy
rac - AAeKcaHAPynOAL-1 C - 51 AD we npeAcTaBAflBa 6bA shy
rapl-1fl B MnK KOflTO npeACTOL-1 Aa 6bAe Cb3AaA8Ha 3a
L-13rpa)KAaHeTO Ha H8cpTonpoBoAa
5
52010 rEI~~~________________~~VV~vw~~g~ s~e~O~g~ra~p~J~ly~~ii~t~b~a~ b~g~----------- Ul1~~~I iTIT1
bull Ha 08062006 r B MocKBa npeAcTaBVlTeAIt1 Ha 6bAshyrapCKIt1Te rpbl1KIt1Te It1 PycKiI1Te KOMnaHlt1vl - CTpaHIt1 no npoeKTa - 06CbgtKAaT cpil1HaHCOBiI1Te TeXHIt14eCKIt1Te TbpshyrOBCKiI1Te 3aKOHOBiI1Te It1 AaHb4HIt1Te BbnpOCIt1 cBbp3aHIt1 C peaM13al1Wna My
bull Ha 05072006 r MiI1HiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha peril10HaAshyHOTO pa3BiI1TiI1e iI1 6AaroycTpo~CTBOTO cb06U(aBa 4e MiI1shyHiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha npOMIt1WAeHOCna iI1 eHepreTiI1KaTa Ha PycKaTa cpellepal1i11R e iI13npaTiI1AO HOB npoeKT Ha MegtKshyllynpaBiI1TeACTBeHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKllaHeTO Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa T03i11 AOKYMeHT npeABiI1gtKAa 5bMapil1R IbPl1i11R iI1 PYCiI1R Aa ce aHragtKiI1paT 4e U(e CiI1 CbTPYAHiI1shyyaT 3a 6e3npenRTCTBeHO peaAiI13i11paHe Ha npoeKTa
bull B ATiI1Ha ce cpeU(aT npe3i111leHTiI1Te leOpril1 nbpBashyHOB BAaAiI1MiI1p nYTiI1H iI1 rpbl1KiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbp-npellceAashyTeA KOCTac KapaMaHAiI1C Te nOAnil1CBaT AeKAapal1i11R B KORTO ce iI13pa3RBa nOAiI1TiI14eCKaTa BOAR Ha Tpil1Te CTpashyHiI1 Ila 6bAe CKAIo4eHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 110 KpaR Ha rOAiI1shyHaTa 3a iI13rpagtKllaHe Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa iI1 Aa 6blle Cb3shyAaAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) PYCiI1R HaCTORBa 3a KOHTPOAHiI1R naKeT (51 ) a 5bArapil1R iI1 IbPshyl1i11R Aa V1MaT no 245
bull Ha 03112006 r B COCPil1R e Ha noceU(eHiI1e rpbl1shyKiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbP Ha peril10HaAHOTo pa3BiI1TiI1e DiI1MiI1TPil1C CV1ycpac CAeA pa3rOBOpil1Te My C MiI1HiI1CTbpa Ha iI1KOHOshyMiI1KaTa 101 eHepreTiI1KaTa PYMeH OB4apOB e 3aRBeHa KashyTerOpil1YHaTa BOAR Ha ABeTe CTpaHiI1 ye aKO B 6AiI13KiI1Te IlHiI1 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R He nOAyyaT npeAAOgtKeHVleTO Ha PYCiI1R 3a cKAIoYBaHe Ha MegtKAYHapoIlHoTO cnopa3yMeshyHiI1e 3a peaAiI13i11paHe Ha HecpTonpoBoAa Te u(e iI13rOTshyBRT CBOil1 Bapil1aHTV1 3a TaKOBa cnopa3YMeHiI1e
bull Ha 07122006 r MiI1HvlCTbPbT Ha BbTpewHvne pashy60TiI1 I1Ba~Ao KaAcpil1H e Ha 0cpl1uVlaAHa BiI13i11Ta B Moc-KBa no nOKaHa Ha PYCKiI1R CiI1 KOAera Cepre~ AaBpoB Ha cpeshyU(aTa e YT04HeHo 4e 5bMapil1R iI1 PYCiI1R U(e HanpaBRT BCiI1YKO Bb3MOgtKHO B Ha t1 -cKopo BpeMe na 6bAe nonnil1cashyHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha HecpTOnpoBolla
bull Ha 01022007 r no BpeMe Ha rOAiI1WHaTa CiI1 npecshyKOHcpepeHuV1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11AeHT BAall il1MiI1p nYTiI1H npil1shy30BaBa IbPUiI1R iI1 5bArapil1R B Haiil-cKopO BpeMe na nocshyTiI1rHaT cnopa3YMeHiI1e no HecpTOnpoBoAa 5yprac shyAAeKcaHnpynoAiI1c AKO rpbUKiI1Te iI1 6bArapCKV1Te napshyTHbOpil1 He ycneRT Aa ce cnopa3YMeRT TO HVie U(e 6bshyAeM npil1HyneHiI1 Aa YBeAiI1YiI1M eKCnOpTHiI1Te CiI1 Bb3MOgtKshyHOCTiI1 npe3 Tepil1TOpil1i11Te Ha Apyril1 CTpaHiI1 nORCHRBa IlYTiI1H To~ He V13KAIoYBa 101 Ha~-neCiI1MiI1CTiI1Y HvlRT CL(eshyHapiI1t1 - HecpTOnpOBonbT Aa He 6bAe nOCTpOel-1 HiI1Kora
bull Ha 07022007 r B 5yprac ynbA HOMoU(eHl-I npe r shy
TaBiI1TeAiI1 Ha 5bArapil1R PYCiI1R iI1 IbPL( iI1 f y TBbP bull a3r TeKCTa Ha Tpil1CTpaHHOTo cnopa3YMeHII1 euro 3a C - - -- shy
AaHe iI1 eKcnAOaTaUiI1R Ha HecpTonpoBOAa_ Or - 03 - shyTaKCiI1 5bArapil1R U(e nOAyyaBa He nO-MatlK) ~ - 5 AOAapa rOnil1WHo npenBiI1gtKJla ce iI1 0 KP =~c-= I1a
1000 pa60THiI1 MeCTa npil1 Her0811R c-oc - ~ -- - shy
Bau(aTa ro iI1HcppacTpYKTypa bull Ha 15022007 r n pa Bmec-2~ - ~ _ -= 1 shy0
Aana iI1 npenAOgtKeHvlRTa Ha TO pa3BV1TiI1e 101 6AarOYCTp0I1C- = - - - - ~ -- _ - _
Tbp-npellceAaTeA iI1 e Cepre~ CTaHiI1WeB iI1 KOHCTaHTiI1shyHOC KapaMaHAiI1C B ATiI1Ha PYCiI1A 5bMapil1A It1 IbPl1i11R nOAnil1CBaT iI1CTOp il1 yeCKOTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a peaAiI13ashyUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpOBOlla Ha cpeu(aTa e 1l0rOBopeHO 6bP30TO CTapTiI1paH8 Ha pa60TaTa Ha MnK C ueA CTpOshyiI1TeACTBOTO Aa 3anOYHe B HayaAOTO Ha 2008 r iI1lla npil1KshyAIo4vl AO 2011 r
bull Ha 2305 2007 r PYCKWIT napAaMeHT paTV1cpil1UiI1pa cnopa3YMeHiI1eTo C 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R 3a iI13rpagtKAaHeshyTO Ha HecpTonpOBOAa DOKYMeHTbT npenBiI1gtKAa Aa 6bAe Cb31laAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) KORTO Aa e co6CTBeHiI1K Ha CbOpbgtK8HiI1eTO
bull Ha 30052007 r 6MrapCKiI1RT napAaMeHT paTiI1cpil1uiI1pa nOnnil1CaHOTO B ATiI1Ha cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a CbTpYllHiI14ecTBo B CTpOil1TeACTBOTo iI1 eKCnAOaTaL(iI1RTa Ha HecpTOnpoBona
bull Ha 15062007 r PYCKVlRT npe3i11AeHT BAanvlMiI1p nYTiI1H nOllnil1CBa cpenepaeH 3aKOH 3a paTiI1cpil1KaUiI1R Ha pyCKOshy6MrapCKo-rpbUKoTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a HecpTonpOBolla
bull Ha 15112007 r Ha pa60THa cpeU(a B ATV1Ha e nocshyTiI1rHaT 3HaYiI1TeAeH HanpenbK Ha nperOBOpil1Te no yYpeshyARBaHeTO Ha MnK 3a peaAiI13aUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpoBolla AKUiI10Hep vlTe OT 5bMapil1sl IbPUiI1sl iI1 pyciI1sl ce norOBashypslT MnK Aa 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHAiI1R nOCTaBshyKiI1Te Ha He cpT na ce oCiI1rypRBaT iI13URAO OT PYCiI1R iI1 iI1HshyTepeCiI1Te Ha MagtK0pil1TapHV1Te aKUiI10HepV1 - 5bMapV1R iI1 IbPUV1R -Ila 6bnaT V13URAO 3aU(iI1TeHV1 AKUV1oHepil1 B M nK ca 5bMapV1R - C 24 5 4pe3 cpil1pMV1Te 5YMapra3 XOAshyAVlHr iI1 TexHoeKcnopTCTpOW IbPUiI1R - C 245 - LJpe3 CP il1pMvlTe Hellenic Petroleum VI Thraki - 06u(0 C 235 VI 1 3a rpbuKaTa AbpgtKaBa MagtK0pil1TOPHiI1RT aKUvl0shyHep B MnK - PYCiI1R (51 ) - e npenCTaBeHa OT Tpy60nshypOBonHblt1 KOHCOPUVlYM 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAiI1c B Hero YLJaCTB aT KOrvma HiI1i11Te TpaHC HecpTb POCshyHecpTb VI la3npOMHecp Tb u
bull Ha 18122007 r B MocKBa e nOnnVlcaHO cnopa3yshyMeHiI1e Megt+ltny pYCiI1sl 5bArapVlR iI1 IbPUiI1A 3a Cb3naBaHeshyTO Ha MnK KORTO lie 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHnil1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11neHT BAanil1MiI1p nYTiI1H 3aRBRBa 4e T03i11 aKT e npeAnOCAenHaTa CTbnKa KbM npaKTiI1yeCKaTa peshyaA11 3aUiI15i Ha np08KTa 5yprac - AAeKCaHnpynoAiI1c OcshyTaBa na 6bJJe nOnnllCaH 1l0KYMeHT KOIiiTO na rapaHTiI1pa pycKvtTe nOC-aBKI-1 Ha HecpT
bull Ha 11 01 2Q08 r B ATiI1Ha npenCTaBiI1TeAiI1Te Ha npoKshyTHaTa KO ral-A Ei yprac - AAeKcaHIlPynoAiI1c 5bArapil1sl Ha pye SI Tpb6onpoBoneH KOHCOPUiI1YM VI Ha rpbUKiI1R Xe cr n eTpo eYM 1~ DEn TpaKiI1 nOnnV1CBaT npyshy =-==- - C-OBOP 3a yypenRBaHeTO Ha MnK
bull - - bull 1801 2008 r no nOKaHa Ha npe3vl1leHTa ~ - - - b)32HOB Ha noceU(eHVle y Hac e PYCKiI1RT npeshy
--- ~ a I~ AV1 P nyTiI1H Ha ocpil1UiI1aAHa uepeMOHiI1R B - ~ -~ - e - o Ha JJBaMaTa npe3i11JJeHTiI1 ca nOnnil1CaHiI1 - middot~ -lra 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha AEll 5eAeHe rashy- 3 a lOgtKeH nOTOK VI HecpTonpOBona 5yprac shy- =- lti - pynoiI1c
bull - 602 2008 r B AMcTepAaM XOAaHnil1A e peril1cshy- a egtKAYHapoAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK)
t ~OBa HiI1eTO Trans Balkan Pipeline BV 3a iI13rshy---2-TO f1a HecpTonpoBoAa
cnopa3YMeHiI1 e nOlJ nil1 CaHO B 6 p-a bull Ha 15032007 r Ha OCP~IUI a -~ _ = ~
CbCTB iI1 8TO Ha np e3 111A8H a 8 ~
bull - =t 14 052009 r MiI1HiI1CTepCKVlRT CbBeT B3eMa peshy- shy = Ko eTO npeAB v1gtKna EibMapCKiI1RT eHeprV1eH XOAshy
3~X) EAD na npeXBbpAiI1 aKUiI1i11Te CiI1 B Kanil1TaAa
_ _ ~e_og_ra_p_h~y i_it_b_a_S_b~g______________ rEO~li~1tryenrnm~----------------------------5~~2~O~lOw_ww_g ~ _ l
Ha npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTonpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc - 51 An n o nOBOA Y4aCT Vl eTO Ha 5bMashypVlrl B HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlC C
TOBa peweHvle npeACTaBVlTeA Ha 6bMapCKaTa CTpaHa
B MegtKAYHapOAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl ll(e 6bAe nposhyeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTOnpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPYshy
nOAVlC - 51 An - eAHOAVl4HO ApYgtKeCTBO TeXHoeKCshynopTCTpOill EAn
bull Ha 01 092009 r npeMVlepbT 50illKO 50PVlCOB no BpeshyMe Ha Cpell(aTa C PYCKVlrl CVl KOAera BAaAVlMVlp nYTVlH B IAaHcK nOAwa 3a npbB nbT Vl3pa3rlBa n03VlUVlrlTa Ha npashyBVlTeAcTBoTO 4e CAOgtKHOCna Ha npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKshycaHApynoAVlc e cBbp3aHa C eKOAorVl4HVl np06AeMVl
bull Ha 18092009 r B COcentVlrl ce npOBegtKAa cpell(a Ha PYCKVlrl Ml1HVlCTbP Ha eHepreTVlKaTa Cepreill WMaTKo C
6bArapCKVlrl My KOAera Tpaill40 TpaIiiKOB no BpeMe Ha pa3rOBopVlTe ca pa3rAeAaHVl BagtKHVl acneKTVl OT Vl3rpagtKshy
AaHeTo Ha HecentTonpOBOAa 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
CBbp3aHVl Hail1-Be4e C oueHKa Ha eKOAorVl4HVlR PVlC K
bull Ha 09102009 rOAVlHa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKashyTa eHepreTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 3arlBrlBa
4e 5bMapVlrl He ce OTKa3Ba OT HecentTonpOBOAa C YT04shyHeHVleTO nOHe 3acera
bull Ha 13102009 r rAaBHVlrlT Vl3nbAHVlTeAeH AVlpeKshy
TOp Ha MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaliiH AAeKcaHAbp TapaKaHOB npeACTaBrl Ha MVlHVlCTbpa Ha VlKOHOMVlKashy
Ta eHepr eTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpalii40 TpaillKOB npoeKTa
3a HecentTonpOBOAa npVl npe3eHTaUVlrlTa aKueHTbT e nocshyTaBeH BbPXY Ha4VlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha HecentTa B aKshy
BaTOpVlrlTa Ha 5ypraCKVlrl 3aAVlB KaKTO Vl eKOAorVl4HaTa
cb06pa3HOCT npVl HerOBVlrl Vl360p CnopeA T TpaliiKOB OT eKOAorVl4Ha rAeAHa T04Ka nAaBall(VlrlT 6yill e no-noAshy
XOARll(OTO peweHVle npeABVlgtKAa ce MnK Aa Vl3rpaAVl HecentTonpOBOAa 00 2012 r Vl npe3 nbpBoTo nOAyr oAVle
Ha 2013 r Tolii Aa npeMVlHe np06HVl Vl3nVlTaHVlrl Pa60Tshy
HaTa My eKCnlOaTaUVlrl ce 04aKBa Aa 3an04He npe3 BTOshypaTa nOIOBVlHa Ha Cbll(aTa rOAI1Ha KaTO Ha nbpBVlrl eTan
ll(e ce TpaHcnopTVlpaT OKOAO 35 MAH t HecentT rOAVlWHO nOAOBVlHaTa OT TOBa KOM14eCTBO (175 MAH t) ll(e 6bAe
OT T Hap ypaAcKVl HecentT A06VlBaH OT PYCKVl HecentTeHVl KOMnaHVlVl a ApyraTa nOAOBVlHa ll(e 6bAe AOCTaBrlHa
OT KacnVlillC KVl rl Tpb60npOBOAeH KOHCOPUVlYM (KTK) B
KOillTO Y4 aCTBaT KOMnaHVlVlTe 6PVlTVlW neTpOAVlYM (BP) WeA (Shell) WeBpoH (Shevron) Vl AP OT KpaliiHVlrl nyHKT
Ha Tpb60npoBoAa - rpbUKoTO npVlCTaHVlll(e AAeKcaHAshy
pynoAVlc 50 OT HecentTa ll(e ce AOCTaBrl C TaHKepvl 00
cpeAVl3eMHoMopCKVl npVlCTa HVlll(a Ha ViTaAVlrl ltlpaHUVlrl
V1 ViCnaHVlrl a onaM no Cbll(eCTBYBall(aTa TPb60nposhy
BOAHa CVlCTeMa ll(e AOCTVlra 00 XOAaHAV1rl 5eMV1rl V1lepshy
MaHV1rl OCTaHaAV1Te 50 CLJV1TaHV1 KaTO npoAYKUV1rl Ha
aMepV1KaHcKaTa KOMnaHV1rl WeBpoH ll(e 6bAaT AOCTashyBRHV1 4pe3 VLCC TaHKepV1 00 CALl1
Ha BTOpV1rl eTan OT eKcnAOaraUV1rlTa Ha HecentTonposhy
BC)Aa ce npeABV1gtKAa YABOrlBaHe Ha 06eMVlTe AocTaBeshy1 OT KTK npV1 KoeTO HecentTonpOBOAbT ll(e AocTV1rHe
aKCV1MaIHV1R Cvl KanaUV1TeT - 70 MAH t TOBa OT CBOrl
o-pa Ha ll(e AOBeAe 00 cepV103Ho HaMaArlBaHe AeAbT Ha __ CK Vl rl Hecent T 3a CMeTKa Ha Ka3axcTaHCKV1rl A06V1BaH OT
- ~C04eHVlTe no-rope 3anaAHV1 KOMnaHV1V1
bull Ha 21102009 r BV1uenpe3VlAeHTbT Ha pycKaTa KOMshy
- poundgt-V1 R TpaHcHecentT MV1xaV1A 5apKoB OTXBbPArl TBbpAeshy
HVl5na 4e npOeKTbT 3a HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac -AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc HrlMa Aa 6bAe peaAVl3VlpaH CnopeA Heshy
ro T0 3Vl HeqnonpoBOA Vl HecentTonpOBOAbT CaMCYHshyngtKeil1xaH npe3 TYPUVlrl MoraT Aa Cbll(eCTBYBaT 6e3 KOHshy
KypeHUVlrl
bull Ha 22 102009 r no BpeMe Ha eAHOAHeBHO noceshy
ll(eHVle B MocKBa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKaTa eHepshy
reTV1KaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 06CbgtKAa C pycshyKVlrl CVl KOAera Cepreill WMaTKo peaAVl3aUVlrlTa Ha TpVlTe
eHeprVlillHVl npoeKTa - AEU 5eAeHe 1OgtKeH nOToK Vl 5yprac - A AeKcaHApynoAVlc Ll1LO ce OTHaCrl 00 nocshy
AeAHVlrl TO Tolii Vl3rAegtKAa e nOCTaBeH Ha Vl3nVlTaHVle 3ashy
paAVl aHaAorVl4Hvlrl npoeKT 3a HecentTonpOBOA CaMCYHshy
ngtKeillxaH npe3 TYPUVlR TpaillKOB Ka3Ba Vi TOBa e HashywaTa rAeAHa T04Ka AKO 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
e AOCTaTb4Ho 060CHOBaH TO ToraBa HeKa ro VlMa
OT V13AOgtK8HaTa XpoHoAorVl51 Ha nO-BagtKHV1T8 MOM8Hshy
TV1 OT V1cTOpV151Ta Ha T Hap np08KT 5yprac- AA8KcaHshy
LlpynoAVlc MoraT Lla C8 HanpaB51T H51KOAKO OCHOBHV1
V13BOLla
nbpBO LJe npV1 HV1TO eLlV1H OT eTanV1Te Ha HerOBaTa
16-roLlV1wHa V1CTOPV151 He ca nOCTaB51HV1 3a 06CbgtKLaHe
eKOAOrV1LJHV1Te acneKTVl Ha TaHK8pHVl51 npeB03 no Mapshy
wpYTa HOBOPOCVlillCK- 5yprac- HOBOPOCV1i1lCK 101 eBeHshy
TyaAHVlT8 np06AeMV1 KOVlTO ca CBbp3aHVl C Hero
BTopo LJe eLlBa OT eceHTa Ha 2009 r eKOAOrVlLJHaTa
T8Ma npVlcbcTBa MaKap Vl enVl30LlVlLJHO npV1 06CbgtKLashy
HeTO Ha np08KTa Ha eLlHO VlAVl Llpyro paBHV1Uje HO caMO
no OTHoweHVle HaLJVlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha Hecjna B
aKBaTopVl51Ta Ha 5ypracKVl51 3aAVlB
TpeTO LJe Vl LlO MOMeHTa Bce oUje H51Ma LlOKAaLl3a
Ol(eHKa Ha Bb3L1eillcTBVleTO BbPXY OKOAHaTa Cp8L1a
(OBOC) He caMO 3a CYX038MHaTa HO Vl 3a MopCKaTa
LJaCT Ha npoeKTa
YeTBbpTO He e RCHO V1Ma AVl 0651BeHa 06UjeCTB8Ha
nOpbLJKa OT CTpaHa MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaillH 3a
Vl360p Ha Vl3nbAHV1T8A 3a Vl3roTB51He HaLlOMar3a OBOC
3a Lla ce pa36epe cbUjHocna Vl cepVl03Hocna Ha
8KOAOrVlLJHVl51 np06AeM CBbp3aHCTaHKepHVl51 npeB03
Ha H8cjn no MapwpyTa HOBOPOCVlillcK - 5yprac cAeLlshy
Ba Lla ce pa3rAeLlaT HaKpaTKo H51KOVl nO-BagtKHVl xapaKshy
TepVlcTVlKVl Ha 48PHOMOPCKV151 6aceillH
npVlpODHVl Vl aHTponoreHHVl cpaKTOpVl VI YCIIOBVl51
3a 3aMbpC51BaHeTO Ha LJepHo Mope
4epHO Mope npeLlCTaBA51Ba TVlnVlLJeH nOAY3aTBOshy
peH MegtKLlYKOHTVlHeHTaAeH 6aC8VlH 3aeMaUj6AV130
420 000 km2OT reorpacpcKoTo npocTpaHcTBo MegtKLW
IOrOVl3TOLJHa EBpona Vl MaAa A3V151 BOLlVlT8 My C 068M
548 000 km 3 3anbABaT Haill-LlbA60KaTa H8030illcKa
Ll8np8cVl51 Ha 3eM51Ta B XVlLlpOAOrVlLJHO OTHoweHVle
TOVl cnaLla KbM 6ac8VlHa Ha ATAaHTV1LJeCKVl51 OK8aH 101
ce 51B51Ba LJaCT OT rOA51MoToFoMaHcKo CpeLlV138MHO
Mope 06MeHbT Ha LJepHOMOpCKVlTe BOLlVl CbC CBeshy
TOBHVl51 OKeaH e CVlAHO 3aTpYLlHeH 101 ce OCbUj8CTB51Ba
7
52010 rEIi vvwwgeograph - bg ~---=--------------- II1~~ iJ1jf]f--------=---=--~--
eAVlHCTBeHo Ype3 TeCHVlfl (07 - 37 km) Vl cpaBHVlT8shy
HO H8Ab6oK (275-121 m) 60CcentOpCKVl npoToK TOBa
06cToflTecTBo VlMa Vl3KoYVlT8HO rOflMa POfl 3a
npoAbgt+ltVlT8HOTO 3aAbpgt+ltaH8 Ha TBbPA8 pa3Hoo6shy
pa3HaTa raMa OT 3aMbpcflBau(Vl B8u(8cTBa KOVlTO nocshy
TbnsaT s 6ac8i1Ha
nOCpeJlCTBOM JlOHOTO 60CCPOpCKO Te4eHII1e B YepHO
Mope roJlIl1WHO nOCTbnBaT OKOO 230 km3 MpaMopHoMOPshy
CKII1 BOJlIl1 CbC coeHOCT 37-38 0 Te3111 nbTHII1 Tegt+ltKII1
BOJlIl1 3anbBaT no-rOMlMaTa 4aCT OT Jlb60KOBOJlHaTa 4epshy
HOMopcKa KOTOBII1Ha 06paTHo KbM MpaMopHO Mope 1113shy
TII14aT roJlIl1WHO OKOO 485 km3 4epHOMOpCKII1 BOJlIl1 C npll16shy
1113111TeHO JlBoiilHO nO-HII1CKa coeHOCT BbnpocbT 3a Kashy
KbB nepll10Jl ce 06HoBflBaT 1I1311flO BOJlIl1Te Ha 4epHO Mope
e Bce Ol1le JlIl1CKYCII10HeH CnopeJl eJlHII1 olleHKII1 TOBa CTashy
Ba npll161113111TeHO Ha 11Il1Kb OT 150-200 rOJlIl1HII1 cnopeJl
JlPyrll1 Ha 400 a cnopeJl TpeTII1 - Ha 1000 rOJlIl1HII1
OCBeH 3aTpYJlHeHII1fl BOJlo06MeH Megt+ltJlY JlBaTa 6aceiilshy
Ha KoiilTO onpeJlefl cnellll1cpll14HaTa XII1Jlpoorll14Ha
CTpYKTypa Ha 4epHO Mope OT eKoorll14Ha reJlHa T04Ka
Bagt+lteH cpaKTOp ce flBflBa Ka4eCTBOTO Ha nOCTbnBal1lIl1Te
MpaMopHOMOPCKII1 BOJlIl1 3a TeXHlI1fl npIl1HOC B 111 6e3 TOshy
Ba Te gt+ltKaTa eKoorll14Ha 06CTaHOBKa Ha 4epHO Mope MOshy
gt+lte Jla ce CbJlIl1 OT cpaKTa 4e Jlbrll1flT 33 km 50CCPOPCKII1
npoToK ce 1I13nO3Ba KaTO eCTeCTBeH OTXOJleH KaHa 3a
6111TOBII1 111 TeXHoorll14HII1Te OTnaJlHII1 npOJlYKTII1 Ha HaJl
15-MII11I10HHOTO HaceeHlI1e Ha VlcTaH6y
Ha ceBep 4pe3 Kep4eHCKII1fl npoToK 4epHO Mope ce CBbpshy
3Ba C nAlI1TKOTO (MaKC Jlb6 14 m) A30BCKO Mope KaTO roshy
JlIl1WHO OT Hero npll1eMa 38 km3 a OTJlaBa 29 km3 BOJlIl1
no CII1aTa Ha CBoeTO reorpacpcKo noogt+lteHlI1e 111 reoshy
Ogt+ltKa eBoOllll1fl CII1CTeMaTa 4epHO Mope - A30BCKO
Mope npIl1Te r fl nOBbpXHOCTHlI1fl OTTOK OT Tepll1TOpll1fl
C nol1l OKOO 2 5 MH km2 no TaKbB Ha4111H BbPXY BCeKII1
KBaJlpaTeH MeTbp OT aKBaTOpll1flTa Ha Ta3111 CII1CTet a Bb 3shy
JleiilCTBaT OKOO 5 5 m2 OT HeiilHlI1fl BOJloc60peH 6ace 71 H
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce oT6eegt+ltlI1 4e TOBa CbOTHOshy
WeHlI1e 3a llelI1fl CBeToBeH OKeaH e caMO 04 m2 Te
OKOO 14 nbTII1 nO-MaKO
B rpaHlI1llll1Te Ha T03111 orpoMeH no CBOIl1Te pa3Mepll1
BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH pa3BII1T npeJlIl1MHO BbPXY KOHTII1 -
HeHTa EBpona 111 nO-MaKO BbPXY A3111fl ce BKo4BaT Teshy
PIl1TOpll1l11Te Ha 17 cYBepeHHII1 Jlbpgt+ltaBII1 C HaceeHlI1e HaJl
300 MH JlYWII1 TOBa ca ABCTPll1fl 5eopYClI1fl 5bMashy
pll1fl 50cHa 111 XepllerOBII1Ha iepMaHlI1fl ipY3l11fl PYMbshy
HlI1fl PYClI1fl CoBaKlI1fl CoBeHlI1fl Cbp6l11fl 4epHa ropa
XbPBaTlI1fl 4 ex II1fl TYPUlI1fl YKpaii1Ha 111 YHrapll1fl nOBe4eshy
TO OT Te3111 CTpaHII1 ce OTII14aBaT C BII1COKa CTeneH Ha
yp6aHlI13aUlI1fl II1HJlYCTpll1aII13aUII1fl 111 XII1MII13allll1fl Ha 3eshy
MeJleCKOTO np0Il13BOJlCTBO OmaJlHII1Te npOJlYKTII1 OT KOshy
II1TO 4pe3 OTTOKa (392 km3 roJl) Ha raBHII1Te pe4HII1 CII1Cshy
TeMII1 (DYHaB DHenbp DHecTbp DOH lOgt+lteH 5yr 111 Jlp )
nOCTbnBaT B 4epHO Mope
Haii1-roflM Jlfl 3a 3aMbpCflBaHeTO Ha 4epHO Mope
06a4e II1MaT CTpaHII1Te OT BOJloc60PHII1fl 6aceii1H Ha p
DYHaB nOl1lTa Ha KOiilTO Bb3II13a Ha 817 000 km2 Te
n04TV1 2 nbTII1 no-rOflMa OT Ta3111 Ha KpaiilHlI1fl npll1eMHII1K
TYK cpYHKllll1oHlI1paT OKOO 30 XII1 roeMII1 111 CpeJlHII1 npeJlshy
npll1flTlI1fl KaTO caMO 30 OT TflX ca 060pYJlBaHII1 CbC
cbBpeMeHHII1 II1HCTaallll1111 3a npe4111cTBaHe Ha OmaJlHII1shy
Te BOJlIl1 OKOO 5 5 X 111 t ca 61110reHHII1Te 111 OpraHII14HII1
Bel1lecTBa KOIl1TO p DYHaB BHaCfl B 4epHOMOpCKII1fl 6ashy
ceiilH CbC CBOfl 200 km3 rOJlIl1WeH OTTOK
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce noc04111 4e II1HJlll1peKTshy
HlI1flT 6brapCKII1 npIl1HOC B 3aMbpcflBaHeTo Ha 4epHO
Mope ce cpopMlI1pa BbPXY nol1l OT 45 732 km2 Te caMO
5 6 OT llelI1fl DYHaBcKII1 BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH Ol1le noshy
cKpoMeH e JlebT Ha 6brapCKII1Te 4epHOMOpCKII1 peKII1 C
TeXHlI1fl CpeJlHoroJlIl1WeH OTT OK OT 18 km3 KOiilTO ce cpopshy
MlI1pa BbPXY Tepll1TOpll1fl OT 16930 km2
c ~ lt0 1 BbJna (kn)
ri 01 - 0 3 shy 0 3 - 0 5
0 5 - 07
~ e pHO Mope
- of = sea cu rrents
iEOiPAC)V151
-
I
_w_w_w_-=g_ _ap_hy_i_it_b_a_S_ rEOtd~tyenrrnI--_______________ 52_0_1~Oeog=-f b--=g~_______
(Jur 4 CxeMa Ha MopcKiIITe Te4eHiII51 npeA 6b11rapCKiII51 6p51r Fug 4 Diagram of the sea currents close to the Bulgarian shore
OT Ka3aHOTO no-rope He e TPYAHO Aa ce BVIAVI -le Tpeshy
BOgtKHaTa eKOIIOrVl-lHa c VlTyaUVl51 B YepHO Mope B Hail1-roshy
III1Ma CTeneH e nopOAeHa OT centaKTOpVl rllaBHVlI1T Megt+ltoY
KOVITO e p DYHas npOI1SI1BaLLVI ce AaAe-l OT HeroBoTo
Kpaill6pegtKVle B TeCHVl51 CMVlCbA Ha AYMaTa ETO 3aLUO 33shy
AbAgtKeHVle VI OTroBOPHOCT Ha BCVI-lKVI npaSVlTellCTBeHVI VlHshy
CTVlryUVIVI VI HenpaBVlTellCTseHVI opraHVl3auVlVI OT uellVl51
DYHaSCKVl6aceillH e Aa npVleMaT KOHKpeTHVI VI cneWHVI
npaKTVI-leCKVI MepKVI 3a CBegt+ltoaHe AO MVlHVlMYM npVlTOKa
Ha 3aMbpCI1BaU(VlTe seU(eCTBa -lpe3 pe-lHVlI1 onOK
Dpyra rlIaBHa BagtKHa oc06eHOCT Ha Y epHO Mope KOshy
51TO ro npaBVI oc06eHo -lysCTBVlTeIlHO KbM HapaCTBaU(oTO
3aMbpc51BaHe VI pecentlIeKTVlpa BbPXY Vl3MeHeHVll1Ta Ha Heshy
roBVlTe eKocVlcTeMVI ce KpVle B cneUVIcentVI-lHaTa My XVlAPOshy
1I0rVl-lHa VI XVIApox VlMVI-l Ha CTpYKrypa VI pegtKVlM To e Haillshy
rolleMVl51T MepOMVlKTVI-leH (CVlIIHO pa3clloeH 6ell peA)
MopCKVl6aceil1H Ha 3eMI1Ta KaTO 3a Hero e xapaKTepHO
nOCTOI1HHO pa3CII051BaHe Ha BOAaTa nOMbpgtKaHO OT Bepshy
TVlKaAHVl I1 rpaAVleHT Ha nllbTHocna no BepT~1KaAa BOAshy
HaTa Maca ce pa3AeAl1 Ha 30CHOBHVl30HVI
nbpBaTa 30Ha e KVlCllopoAHaTa (aep06HaTa) VI 06xshy
BaU(a CliO 51 AO AbA6o-lVlHa 100-200 m B HeR c a HaMeshy
peHVI nellarVl4HVI gtKVlBOTHVI AO 150 m AbA604V1Ha a Ab Hshy
HVI - OT 130 AO 160 m B cesepHVlTe pailloHVI Ha 6ace il1Ha
VI OT 175 AO 200 m B pailloHa Ha 60ccentopa
rEorPACDV151
BTOpaTa 30Ha Hape-leHa npOMegt+ltoYTb-lHa VI Vl3BeCshy
THa OLLe KaTO peAOKC30Ha Vl3MeH51 Ae6ellVlHaTa CVI or
20 m no nepVlcentepVl51Ta Ha 6aceillHa AO 120 m B lleHTshy
pallHVlTe My -laCTVI npVl cpeAHa CToillHOCT - 50 m 3a
HeR e xapaKTepHO CbBMeCTHOTO CbLLeCTBYBaHe Ha KVlCshy
1I0pOA VI cepOBOAopOA
T peTaTa aHaepo6Ha 30Ha 06XBaLUa BOAHaTa Maca Ha
6aceillHa OT AbA60-lVlHV1150-250 mAO AbHOTO (MaKCVIshy
MaAHa AbA60-lVlHa 2245 m) T 51 3aeMa 873 OT 06LUVl51
06eM Ha 6aceil1Ha HaCVlTeHa CbC cepoBoAopoA VI e cpaBshy
HVlTellHO nOCT051HHa nOpaAVl 3arpYAHeHara llVlpKYallVl51
Ha BOAHVlTe MacVI ETo 3aLUO B TOBa OTHoweHVle YepHO
Mope ce OlleH51Ba KaTO eAVlH npVlpOAHo06peMeHeH CbC
3aMbpc51BaLLVI BeLLeCTBa (cepoBOAopoA) 6aceil1H
Ha centOHa Ha Ta3V1 06peMeHeHOCT Ha 6aceil1Ha cepVlshy
03Hvl Vl3MeHeHVl51 HaCTbnBaT B HeroBaTa XVlApOAOrVl-lHa
VI XVlAPOXVlMVI-lHa CTpYKTypa VI pegtKVlM nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha
-lOBeWKaTa Aeil1HoCT T 51 ce Vl3pa351Ba B -lYBCTBVlTeIlHOshy
TO HaMaA51BaHe npVlTOKa Ha pe-lHVI BOAVI BClleACTBVle Ha
nOBceMeCTHOTO Vl3rpagt+ltoaHe Ha xVlApOTeXHVI-leCKVI Cbshy
OpbgtKeHVl51 no nOpe-lVl51Ta Ha -lepHOMOpCKVlTe peKVI VI
VlHTeH3V1BHOTO pa3BVl f Vle Ha nOIlVlBHOTO 3eMeAellVle B
pe3YTaT Ha TOBa ce Ha61110AaBa nOBVlwaBaHe Ha COshy
AeHOCTTa Ha BOAVlTe B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT Ha 6ashy
ceil1Ha C 0 2 0 CnopeA H51KOVI Vl311eAOBaTellVl nO-Hashy
TaTbWHOTO CbKpaLLaBaHe Ha pe-lHVl51 OTTOK MOgtKe Aa
AOBeAe AO YBeAVI-laBaHe COlleHocna C 2 0 caMO ClleA
H51 KOIIKO AeceTVllleTVl51 HecbMHeHo Ta3V1 Tpail1Ha TeHshy
AeHllVl51 LLe BHece cbU(ecTBeHVI Vl3MeHeHVl51 B CTPYKTYshy
para VI centYHKllVlOHVlpaHeTO Ha MopcKVlTe eKOCVlCTeMVI
nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha pe-lHVl51 onOK VI Ha CVlHOnTVI-lHaTa
06cTaHoBKa HaA 6aceC1Ha BCAeAcTBVle Ha reorpacentCKOshy
TO My nOIlOgtKeHVle B Hero ce centopMVlpaT nOBbpXHOCTHVI
KBa3 V1cTallVlOHapHVI Te-leHVl51 (centVlr 3) 3a aKBaTopVl51Ta
Ha 6bMapcKVl51 ceKTop OT rAeAHa TO-lKa Ha 3aMbpc51shy
BaHeTO TBbpAe roll51Ma e pOIl51Ta Ha 3anaAHVl5111VlKAOshy
HaAeH BVlXbP VI no-TO-lHO Ha Ta3V1 Herosa -laCT K051TO e
Vl3BeCTHa KaTO K)gtKHO (DI1BOIICKO PYMeIlVlil1cKo) Te-leshy
HVle OCHoBHa npVl-l VlHa 3a HerosoTo 3apagt+ltoaHe ca pe-lshy
HVlTe BOAVI KOVITO nOCTbnsaT B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT
Ha 6aceillHa 06eMbT Ha KOVITO CbCTaBII51Ba OKOIIO 75 OT cYMapHVlI1 roAVlweH pe-leH onOK
B rpaHVlllVlTe Ha HaWVlI1 ceKTOp Ha YepHO Mope K)gtKshy
HOTO Te-leHVle HaBIIVl3a CbC CKOPOCT 7 - 8 kmh a cpeAshy
HaTa e 3-5 km h nOA BAVIR HVleTO Ha KOHcentVlrypallVl51Ta
Ha 6pera VI CVlHOnTVI-lHVlTe YCIIOBVl51 ce 06pa3ysaT ABa
UVlKIIOHallHVI BVlXbpa C pa3MepVl 20-40 k m s pail10Ha Ha
H KallVlaKpa - BapHa VI s AbIl60KoBp513aHVlI1 B cywaTa
6ypracKVI 3allVlB (centVlr 4) Ha pa3cT051HVle 1-3 km OT
6pera ce centopMVlpa npoTVlBOTe-leHVle C nOCOKa or lor Ha
ceBep Haill-A06pe Vl3pa3eHo MegtKAY YCTVleTo Ha p Peshy
30BCKa VI C030noll H EMVlHe H rallaTa VI cesepHo OT
H KaAVlaKpa B OTAellHVI cIIY-laVl s 3aSVlCVlMOCT OT KOHshy
KpeTHaTa x VlApoMeTeopOIIOrVl-lHa 06cTaHosKa Sb3HVlKshy
BaT VI aHTVlUVlKIIOHaAHVI SVlXPVl B lleHTpaAHaTa -laCT Kbshy
9
-5-2-0-10----------------------------- rE()~I~tr)rrn~ ~iit~b~a~s~b~g~ ~~----------____~W~W~~v~g~eo~g~r~a~ph~)~
AeTO CTaSa nOTbSaHe Ha nOSbpXHOCTHIt1Te SOAIt1
nplt1 TaKa OyepTaHaTa cxeMa Ha TeyeHIt1RTa He e TpYAshy
HO Aa ce SIt1AIt1 ye S cpaSHeHlt1e C OCTaHaAlt1Te ceKTopvl Ha
LJepHo MOpe 6birapCKOTO MOPCKO npoCTpaHCTSO e nOAshy
AOgtKeHO Ha Ha~HOARM It1 nOCTORHeH aHTponoreHeH YAap
npORSRSal1 ce KocseHO Ype3 nOSIt1WeHIt1Te KOHueHTpashy
UIt1It1 Ha 3aMbpCRSal11t1 seLWeCTsa OT URAa CpeAHa It1 V13shy
TOYHa Espona HOCeHIt1 OT IOgtKHOTO TeyeHlt1e
EKOiOrVlYHVI acneKTVI Ha TaHKepHVl51 npeB03 Ha KaCnVlIl1CKVI HecpT npe3 LJepHo Mope
KaKTO CTasa RCHO OT 1t13AOgtKeHaTa no-rope XpOHOshy
AOrIt1R npe3 nOCAeAHIt1Te roAIt1HIt1 TSbpAe MHOro MaCTIt1shy
AO ce 1t13nlt1Ca 3a npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoshy
AV1C npeASV1gtKAaLW npeXSbpM1HeTO Ha HecentT OT CpeAshy
Ha A3V1R It1 KaCnIt1I11CKV1R 6aCell1H 3a IOgtKHa Espona It1
Hall1-SeYe 3a MRCTOTO Ha 5bArapV1R S Hero
HapeA C reonOAV1TV1yeCKV1Te V1 V1KOHOMlt1yeCKV1Te acshy
neKTV1 Ha T03V1 npoeKT HeCbMHeHO Hall1-SagtKHV1RT e eKOshy
AOrV1YHV1flT nO-AOAY aKueHTbT e SbPXY eKOAOrV1YHIt1Te
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
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bull Ha 05072006 r MiI1HiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha peril10HaAshyHOTO pa3BiI1TiI1e iI1 6AaroycTpo~CTBOTO cb06U(aBa 4e MiI1shyHiI1CTepCTBoTO Ha npOMIt1WAeHOCna iI1 eHepreTiI1KaTa Ha PycKaTa cpellepal1i11R e iI13npaTiI1AO HOB npoeKT Ha MegtKshyllynpaBiI1TeACTBeHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKllaHeTO Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa T03i11 AOKYMeHT npeABiI1gtKAa 5bMapil1R IbPl1i11R iI1 PYCiI1R Aa ce aHragtKiI1paT 4e U(e CiI1 CbTPYAHiI1shyyaT 3a 6e3npenRTCTBeHO peaAiI13i11paHe Ha npoeKTa
bull B ATiI1Ha ce cpeU(aT npe3i111leHTiI1Te leOpril1 nbpBashyHOB BAaAiI1MiI1p nYTiI1H iI1 rpbl1KiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbp-npellceAashyTeA KOCTac KapaMaHAiI1C Te nOAnil1CBaT AeKAapal1i11R B KORTO ce iI13pa3RBa nOAiI1TiI14eCKaTa BOAR Ha Tpil1Te CTpashyHiI1 Ila 6bAe CKAIo4eHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 110 KpaR Ha rOAiI1shyHaTa 3a iI13rpagtKllaHe Ha HecpTOnpOBOAa iI1 Aa 6blle Cb3shyAaAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) PYCiI1R HaCTORBa 3a KOHTPOAHiI1R naKeT (51 ) a 5bArapil1R iI1 IbPshyl1i11R Aa V1MaT no 245
bull Ha 03112006 r B COCPil1R e Ha noceU(eHiI1e rpbl1shyKiI1RT MiI1HiI1CTbP Ha peril10HaAHOTo pa3BiI1TiI1e DiI1MiI1TPil1C CV1ycpac CAeA pa3rOBOpil1Te My C MiI1HiI1CTbpa Ha iI1KOHOshyMiI1KaTa 101 eHepreTiI1KaTa PYMeH OB4apOB e 3aRBeHa KashyTerOpil1YHaTa BOAR Ha ABeTe CTpaHiI1 ye aKO B 6AiI13KiI1Te IlHiI1 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R He nOAyyaT npeAAOgtKeHVleTO Ha PYCiI1R 3a cKAIoYBaHe Ha MegtKAYHapoIlHoTO cnopa3yMeshyHiI1e 3a peaAiI13i11paHe Ha HecpTonpoBoAa Te u(e iI13rOTshyBRT CBOil1 Bapil1aHTV1 3a TaKOBa cnopa3YMeHiI1e
bull Ha 07122006 r MiI1HvlCTbPbT Ha BbTpewHvne pashy60TiI1 I1Ba~Ao KaAcpil1H e Ha 0cpl1uVlaAHa BiI13i11Ta B Moc-KBa no nOKaHa Ha PYCKiI1R CiI1 KOAera Cepre~ AaBpoB Ha cpeshyU(aTa e YT04HeHo 4e 5bMapil1R iI1 PYCiI1R U(e HanpaBRT BCiI1YKO Bb3MOgtKHO B Ha t1 -cKopo BpeMe na 6bAe nonnil1cashyHO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha HecpTOnpoBolla
bull Ha 01022007 r no BpeMe Ha rOAiI1WHaTa CiI1 npecshyKOHcpepeHuV1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11AeHT BAall il1MiI1p nYTiI1H npil1shy30BaBa IbPUiI1R iI1 5bArapil1R B Haiil-cKopO BpeMe na nocshyTiI1rHaT cnopa3YMeHiI1e no HecpTOnpoBoAa 5yprac shyAAeKcaHnpynoAiI1c AKO rpbUKiI1Te iI1 6bArapCKV1Te napshyTHbOpil1 He ycneRT Aa ce cnopa3YMeRT TO HVie U(e 6bshyAeM npil1HyneHiI1 Aa YBeAiI1YiI1M eKCnOpTHiI1Te CiI1 Bb3MOgtKshyHOCTiI1 npe3 Tepil1TOpil1i11Te Ha Apyril1 CTpaHiI1 nORCHRBa IlYTiI1H To~ He V13KAIoYBa 101 Ha~-neCiI1MiI1CTiI1Y HvlRT CL(eshyHapiI1t1 - HecpTOnpOBonbT Aa He 6bAe nOCTpOel-1 HiI1Kora
bull Ha 07022007 r B 5yprac ynbA HOMoU(eHl-I npe r shy
TaBiI1TeAiI1 Ha 5bArapil1R PYCiI1R iI1 IbPL( iI1 f y TBbP bull a3r TeKCTa Ha Tpil1CTpaHHOTo cnopa3YMeHII1 euro 3a C - - -- shy
AaHe iI1 eKcnAOaTaUiI1R Ha HecpTonpoBOAa_ Or - 03 - shyTaKCiI1 5bArapil1R U(e nOAyyaBa He nO-MatlK) ~ - 5 AOAapa rOnil1WHo npenBiI1gtKJla ce iI1 0 KP =~c-= I1a
1000 pa60THiI1 MeCTa npil1 Her0811R c-oc - ~ -- - shy
Bau(aTa ro iI1HcppacTpYKTypa bull Ha 15022007 r n pa Bmec-2~ - ~ _ -= 1 shy0
Aana iI1 npenAOgtKeHvlRTa Ha TO pa3BV1TiI1e 101 6AarOYCTp0I1C- = - - - - ~ -- _ - _
Tbp-npellceAaTeA iI1 e Cepre~ CTaHiI1WeB iI1 KOHCTaHTiI1shyHOC KapaMaHAiI1C B ATiI1Ha PYCiI1A 5bMapil1A It1 IbPl1i11R nOAnil1CBaT iI1CTOp il1 yeCKOTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a peaAiI13ashyUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpOBOlla Ha cpeu(aTa e 1l0rOBopeHO 6bP30TO CTapTiI1paH8 Ha pa60TaTa Ha MnK C ueA CTpOshyiI1TeACTBOTO Aa 3anOYHe B HayaAOTO Ha 2008 r iI1lla npil1KshyAIo4vl AO 2011 r
bull Ha 2305 2007 r PYCKWIT napAaMeHT paTV1cpil1UiI1pa cnopa3YMeHiI1eTo C 5bMapil1R iI1 IbPUiI1R 3a iI13rpagtKAaHeshyTO Ha HecpTonpOBOAa DOKYMeHTbT npenBiI1gtKAa Aa 6bAe Cb31laAeHa MegtKAYHapOAHa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK) KORTO Aa e co6CTBeHiI1K Ha CbOpbgtK8HiI1eTO
bull Ha 30052007 r 6MrapCKiI1RT napAaMeHT paTiI1cpil1uiI1pa nOnnil1CaHOTO B ATiI1Ha cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a CbTpYllHiI14ecTBo B CTpOil1TeACTBOTo iI1 eKCnAOaTaL(iI1RTa Ha HecpTOnpoBona
bull Ha 15062007 r PYCKVlRT npe3i11AeHT BAanvlMiI1p nYTiI1H nOllnil1CBa cpenepaeH 3aKOH 3a paTiI1cpil1KaUiI1R Ha pyCKOshy6MrapCKo-rpbUKoTO cnopa3YMeHiI1e 3a HecpTonpOBolla
bull Ha 15112007 r Ha pa60THa cpeU(a B ATV1Ha e nocshyTiI1rHaT 3HaYiI1TeAeH HanpenbK Ha nperOBOpil1Te no yYpeshyARBaHeTO Ha MnK 3a peaAiI13aUiI1RTa Ha HecpTonpoBolla AKUiI10Hep vlTe OT 5bMapil1sl IbPUiI1sl iI1 pyciI1sl ce norOBashypslT MnK Aa 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHAiI1R nOCTaBshyKiI1Te Ha He cpT na ce oCiI1rypRBaT iI13URAO OT PYCiI1R iI1 iI1HshyTepeCiI1Te Ha MagtK0pil1TapHV1Te aKUiI10HepV1 - 5bMapV1R iI1 IbPUV1R -Ila 6bnaT V13URAO 3aU(iI1TeHV1 AKUV1oHepil1 B M nK ca 5bMapV1R - C 24 5 4pe3 cpil1pMV1Te 5YMapra3 XOAshyAVlHr iI1 TexHoeKcnopTCTpOW IbPUiI1R - C 245 - LJpe3 CP il1pMvlTe Hellenic Petroleum VI Thraki - 06u(0 C 235 VI 1 3a rpbuKaTa AbpgtKaBa MagtK0pil1TOPHiI1RT aKUvl0shyHep B MnK - PYCiI1R (51 ) - e npenCTaBeHa OT Tpy60nshypOBonHblt1 KOHCOPUVlYM 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAiI1c B Hero YLJaCTB aT KOrvma HiI1i11Te TpaHC HecpTb POCshyHecpTb VI la3npOMHecp Tb u
bull Ha 18122007 r B MocKBa e nOnnVlcaHO cnopa3yshyMeHiI1e Megt+ltny pYCiI1sl 5bArapVlR iI1 IbPUiI1A 3a Cb3naBaHeshyTO Ha MnK KORTO lie 6bne peril1CTpil1paHa B XOAaHnil1R PYCKiI1RT npe3i11neHT BAanil1MiI1p nYTiI1H 3aRBRBa 4e T03i11 aKT e npeAnOCAenHaTa CTbnKa KbM npaKTiI1yeCKaTa peshyaA11 3aUiI15i Ha np08KTa 5yprac - AAeKCaHnpynoAiI1c OcshyTaBa na 6bJJe nOnnllCaH 1l0KYMeHT KOIiiTO na rapaHTiI1pa pycKvtTe nOC-aBKI-1 Ha HecpT
bull Ha 11 01 2Q08 r B ATiI1Ha npenCTaBiI1TeAiI1Te Ha npoKshyTHaTa KO ral-A Ei yprac - AAeKcaHIlPynoAiI1c 5bArapil1sl Ha pye SI Tpb6onpoBoneH KOHCOPUiI1YM VI Ha rpbUKiI1R Xe cr n eTpo eYM 1~ DEn TpaKiI1 nOnnV1CBaT npyshy =-==- - C-OBOP 3a yypenRBaHeTO Ha MnK
bull - - bull 1801 2008 r no nOKaHa Ha npe3vl1leHTa ~ - - - b)32HOB Ha noceU(eHVle y Hac e PYCKiI1RT npeshy
--- ~ a I~ AV1 P nyTiI1H Ha ocpil1UiI1aAHa uepeMOHiI1R B - ~ -~ - e - o Ha JJBaMaTa npe3i11JJeHTiI1 ca nOnnil1CaHiI1 - middot~ -lra 3a iI13rpagtKAaHe Ha AEll 5eAeHe rashy- 3 a lOgtKeH nOTOK VI HecpTonpOBona 5yprac shy- =- lti - pynoiI1c
bull - 602 2008 r B AMcTepAaM XOAaHnil1A e peril1cshy- a egtKAYHapoAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHiI1R (MnK)
t ~OBa HiI1eTO Trans Balkan Pipeline BV 3a iI13rshy---2-TO f1a HecpTonpoBoAa
cnopa3YMeHiI1 e nOlJ nil1 CaHO B 6 p-a bull Ha 15032007 r Ha OCP~IUI a -~ _ = ~
CbCTB iI1 8TO Ha np e3 111A8H a 8 ~
bull - =t 14 052009 r MiI1HiI1CTepCKVlRT CbBeT B3eMa peshy- shy = Ko eTO npeAB v1gtKna EibMapCKiI1RT eHeprV1eH XOAshy
3~X) EAD na npeXBbpAiI1 aKUiI1i11Te CiI1 B Kanil1TaAa
_ _ ~e_og_ra_p_h~y i_it_b_a_S_b~g______________ rEO~li~1tryenrnm~----------------------------5~~2~O~lOw_ww_g ~ _ l
Ha npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTonpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc - 51 An n o nOBOA Y4aCT Vl eTO Ha 5bMashypVlrl B HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlC C
TOBa peweHvle npeACTaBVlTeA Ha 6bMapCKaTa CTpaHa
B MegtKAYHapOAHaTa npoeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl ll(e 6bAe nposhyeKTHa KOMnaHVlrl HecentTOnpOBOA 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPYshy
nOAVlC - 51 An - eAHOAVl4HO ApYgtKeCTBO TeXHoeKCshynopTCTpOill EAn
bull Ha 01 092009 r npeMVlepbT 50illKO 50PVlCOB no BpeshyMe Ha Cpell(aTa C PYCKVlrl CVl KOAera BAaAVlMVlp nYTVlH B IAaHcK nOAwa 3a npbB nbT Vl3pa3rlBa n03VlUVlrlTa Ha npashyBVlTeAcTBoTO 4e CAOgtKHOCna Ha npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKshycaHApynoAVlc e cBbp3aHa C eKOAorVl4HVl np06AeMVl
bull Ha 18092009 r B COcentVlrl ce npOBegtKAa cpell(a Ha PYCKVlrl Ml1HVlCTbP Ha eHepreTVlKaTa Cepreill WMaTKo C
6bArapCKVlrl My KOAera Tpaill40 TpaIiiKOB no BpeMe Ha pa3rOBopVlTe ca pa3rAeAaHVl BagtKHVl acneKTVl OT Vl3rpagtKshy
AaHeTo Ha HecentTonpOBOAa 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
CBbp3aHVl Hail1-Be4e C oueHKa Ha eKOAorVl4HVlR PVlC K
bull Ha 09102009 rOAVlHa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKashyTa eHepreTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 3arlBrlBa
4e 5bMapVlrl He ce OTKa3Ba OT HecentTonpOBOAa C YT04shyHeHVleTO nOHe 3acera
bull Ha 13102009 r rAaBHVlrlT Vl3nbAHVlTeAeH AVlpeKshy
TOp Ha MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaliiH AAeKcaHAbp TapaKaHOB npeACTaBrl Ha MVlHVlCTbpa Ha VlKOHOMVlKashy
Ta eHepr eTVlKaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpalii40 TpaillKOB npoeKTa
3a HecentTonpOBOAa npVl npe3eHTaUVlrlTa aKueHTbT e nocshyTaBeH BbPXY Ha4VlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha HecentTa B aKshy
BaTOpVlrlTa Ha 5ypraCKVlrl 3aAVlB KaKTO Vl eKOAorVl4HaTa
cb06pa3HOCT npVl HerOBVlrl Vl360p CnopeA T TpaliiKOB OT eKOAorVl4Ha rAeAHa T04Ka nAaBall(VlrlT 6yill e no-noAshy
XOARll(OTO peweHVle npeABVlgtKAa ce MnK Aa Vl3rpaAVl HecentTonpOBOAa 00 2012 r Vl npe3 nbpBoTo nOAyr oAVle
Ha 2013 r Tolii Aa npeMVlHe np06HVl Vl3nVlTaHVlrl Pa60Tshy
HaTa My eKCnlOaTaUVlrl ce 04aKBa Aa 3an04He npe3 BTOshypaTa nOIOBVlHa Ha Cbll(aTa rOAI1Ha KaTO Ha nbpBVlrl eTan
ll(e ce TpaHcnopTVlpaT OKOAO 35 MAH t HecentT rOAVlWHO nOAOBVlHaTa OT TOBa KOM14eCTBO (175 MAH t) ll(e 6bAe
OT T Hap ypaAcKVl HecentT A06VlBaH OT PYCKVl HecentTeHVl KOMnaHVlVl a ApyraTa nOAOBVlHa ll(e 6bAe AOCTaBrlHa
OT KacnVlillC KVl rl Tpb60npOBOAeH KOHCOPUVlYM (KTK) B
KOillTO Y4 aCTBaT KOMnaHVlVlTe 6PVlTVlW neTpOAVlYM (BP) WeA (Shell) WeBpoH (Shevron) Vl AP OT KpaliiHVlrl nyHKT
Ha Tpb60npoBoAa - rpbUKoTO npVlCTaHVlll(e AAeKcaHAshy
pynoAVlc 50 OT HecentTa ll(e ce AOCTaBrl C TaHKepvl 00
cpeAVl3eMHoMopCKVl npVlCTa HVlll(a Ha ViTaAVlrl ltlpaHUVlrl
V1 ViCnaHVlrl a onaM no Cbll(eCTBYBall(aTa TPb60nposhy
BOAHa CVlCTeMa ll(e AOCTVlra 00 XOAaHAV1rl 5eMV1rl V1lepshy
MaHV1rl OCTaHaAV1Te 50 CLJV1TaHV1 KaTO npoAYKUV1rl Ha
aMepV1KaHcKaTa KOMnaHV1rl WeBpoH ll(e 6bAaT AOCTashyBRHV1 4pe3 VLCC TaHKepV1 00 CALl1
Ha BTOpV1rl eTan OT eKcnAOaraUV1rlTa Ha HecentTonposhy
BC)Aa ce npeABV1gtKAa YABOrlBaHe Ha 06eMVlTe AocTaBeshy1 OT KTK npV1 KoeTO HecentTonpOBOAbT ll(e AocTV1rHe
aKCV1MaIHV1R Cvl KanaUV1TeT - 70 MAH t TOBa OT CBOrl
o-pa Ha ll(e AOBeAe 00 cepV103Ho HaMaArlBaHe AeAbT Ha __ CK Vl rl Hecent T 3a CMeTKa Ha Ka3axcTaHCKV1rl A06V1BaH OT
- ~C04eHVlTe no-rope 3anaAHV1 KOMnaHV1V1
bull Ha 21102009 r BV1uenpe3VlAeHTbT Ha pycKaTa KOMshy
- poundgt-V1 R TpaHcHecentT MV1xaV1A 5apKoB OTXBbPArl TBbpAeshy
HVl5na 4e npOeKTbT 3a HeqnonpoBOAa 5yprac -AAeKshy
caHAPynoAVlc HrlMa Aa 6bAe peaAVl3VlpaH CnopeA Heshy
ro T0 3Vl HeqnonpoBOA Vl HecentTonpOBOAbT CaMCYHshyngtKeil1xaH npe3 TYPUVlrl MoraT Aa Cbll(eCTBYBaT 6e3 KOHshy
KypeHUVlrl
bull Ha 22 102009 r no BpeMe Ha eAHOAHeBHO noceshy
ll(eHVle B MocKBa MVlHVlCTbPbT Ha VlKOHOMVlKaTa eHepshy
reTV1KaTa Vl TypVl3Ma Tpaill40 TpaillKoB 06CbgtKAa C pycshyKVlrl CVl KOAera Cepreill WMaTKo peaAVl3aUVlrlTa Ha TpVlTe
eHeprVlillHVl npoeKTa - AEU 5eAeHe 1OgtKeH nOToK Vl 5yprac - A AeKcaHApynoAVlc Ll1LO ce OTHaCrl 00 nocshy
AeAHVlrl TO Tolii Vl3rAegtKAa e nOCTaBeH Ha Vl3nVlTaHVle 3ashy
paAVl aHaAorVl4Hvlrl npoeKT 3a HecentTonpOBOA CaMCYHshy
ngtKeillxaH npe3 TYPUVlR TpaillKOB Ka3Ba Vi TOBa e HashywaTa rAeAHa T04Ka AKO 6yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoAVlc
e AOCTaTb4Ho 060CHOBaH TO ToraBa HeKa ro VlMa
OT V13AOgtK8HaTa XpoHoAorVl51 Ha nO-BagtKHV1T8 MOM8Hshy
TV1 OT V1cTOpV151Ta Ha T Hap np08KT 5yprac- AA8KcaHshy
LlpynoAVlc MoraT Lla C8 HanpaB51T H51KOAKO OCHOBHV1
V13BOLla
nbpBO LJe npV1 HV1TO eLlV1H OT eTanV1Te Ha HerOBaTa
16-roLlV1wHa V1CTOPV151 He ca nOCTaB51HV1 3a 06CbgtKLaHe
eKOAOrV1LJHV1Te acneKTVl Ha TaHK8pHVl51 npeB03 no Mapshy
wpYTa HOBOPOCVlillCK- 5yprac- HOBOPOCV1i1lCK 101 eBeHshy
TyaAHVlT8 np06AeMV1 KOVlTO ca CBbp3aHVl C Hero
BTopo LJe eLlBa OT eceHTa Ha 2009 r eKOAOrVlLJHaTa
T8Ma npVlcbcTBa MaKap Vl enVl30LlVlLJHO npV1 06CbgtKLashy
HeTO Ha np08KTa Ha eLlHO VlAVl Llpyro paBHV1Uje HO caMO
no OTHoweHVle HaLJVlHa Ha pa3TOBapBaHe Ha Hecjna B
aKBaTopVl51Ta Ha 5ypracKVl51 3aAVlB
TpeTO LJe Vl LlO MOMeHTa Bce oUje H51Ma LlOKAaLl3a
Ol(eHKa Ha Bb3L1eillcTBVleTO BbPXY OKOAHaTa Cp8L1a
(OBOC) He caMO 3a CYX038MHaTa HO Vl 3a MopCKaTa
LJaCT Ha npoeKTa
YeTBbpTO He e RCHO V1Ma AVl 0651BeHa 06UjeCTB8Ha
nOpbLJKa OT CTpaHa MnK TpaHC 5aAKaH naillnAaillH 3a
Vl360p Ha Vl3nbAHV1T8A 3a Vl3roTB51He HaLlOMar3a OBOC
3a Lla ce pa36epe cbUjHocna Vl cepVl03Hocna Ha
8KOAOrVlLJHVl51 np06AeM CBbp3aHCTaHKepHVl51 npeB03
Ha H8cjn no MapwpyTa HOBOPOCVlillcK - 5yprac cAeLlshy
Ba Lla ce pa3rAeLlaT HaKpaTKo H51KOVl nO-BagtKHVl xapaKshy
TepVlcTVlKVl Ha 48PHOMOPCKV151 6aceillH
npVlpODHVl Vl aHTponoreHHVl cpaKTOpVl VI YCIIOBVl51
3a 3aMbpC51BaHeTO Ha LJepHo Mope
4epHO Mope npeLlCTaBA51Ba TVlnVlLJeH nOAY3aTBOshy
peH MegtKLlYKOHTVlHeHTaAeH 6aC8VlH 3aeMaUj6AV130
420 000 km2OT reorpacpcKoTo npocTpaHcTBo MegtKLW
IOrOVl3TOLJHa EBpona Vl MaAa A3V151 BOLlVlT8 My C 068M
548 000 km 3 3anbABaT Haill-LlbA60KaTa H8030illcKa
Ll8np8cVl51 Ha 3eM51Ta B XVlLlpOAOrVlLJHO OTHoweHVle
TOVl cnaLla KbM 6ac8VlHa Ha ATAaHTV1LJeCKVl51 OK8aH 101
ce 51B51Ba LJaCT OT rOA51MoToFoMaHcKo CpeLlV138MHO
Mope 06MeHbT Ha LJepHOMOpCKVlTe BOLlVl CbC CBeshy
TOBHVl51 OKeaH e CVlAHO 3aTpYLlHeH 101 ce OCbUj8CTB51Ba
7
52010 rEIi vvwwgeograph - bg ~---=--------------- II1~~ iJ1jf]f--------=---=--~--
eAVlHCTBeHo Ype3 TeCHVlfl (07 - 37 km) Vl cpaBHVlT8shy
HO H8Ab6oK (275-121 m) 60CcentOpCKVl npoToK TOBa
06cToflTecTBo VlMa Vl3KoYVlT8HO rOflMa POfl 3a
npoAbgt+ltVlT8HOTO 3aAbpgt+ltaH8 Ha TBbPA8 pa3Hoo6shy
pa3HaTa raMa OT 3aMbpcflBau(Vl B8u(8cTBa KOVlTO nocshy
TbnsaT s 6ac8i1Ha
nOCpeJlCTBOM JlOHOTO 60CCPOpCKO Te4eHII1e B YepHO
Mope roJlIl1WHO nOCTbnBaT OKOO 230 km3 MpaMopHoMOPshy
CKII1 BOJlIl1 CbC coeHOCT 37-38 0 Te3111 nbTHII1 Tegt+ltKII1
BOJlIl1 3anbBaT no-rOMlMaTa 4aCT OT Jlb60KOBOJlHaTa 4epshy
HOMopcKa KOTOBII1Ha 06paTHo KbM MpaMopHO Mope 1113shy
TII14aT roJlIl1WHO OKOO 485 km3 4epHOMOpCKII1 BOJlIl1 C npll16shy
1113111TeHO JlBoiilHO nO-HII1CKa coeHOCT BbnpocbT 3a Kashy
KbB nepll10Jl ce 06HoBflBaT 1I1311flO BOJlIl1Te Ha 4epHO Mope
e Bce Ol1le JlIl1CKYCII10HeH CnopeJl eJlHII1 olleHKII1 TOBa CTashy
Ba npll161113111TeHO Ha 11Il1Kb OT 150-200 rOJlIl1HII1 cnopeJl
JlPyrll1 Ha 400 a cnopeJl TpeTII1 - Ha 1000 rOJlIl1HII1
OCBeH 3aTpYJlHeHII1fl BOJlo06MeH Megt+ltJlY JlBaTa 6aceiilshy
Ha KoiilTO onpeJlefl cnellll1cpll14HaTa XII1Jlpoorll14Ha
CTpYKTypa Ha 4epHO Mope OT eKoorll14Ha reJlHa T04Ka
Bagt+lteH cpaKTOp ce flBflBa Ka4eCTBOTO Ha nOCTbnBal1lIl1Te
MpaMopHOMOPCKII1 BOJlIl1 3a TeXHlI1fl npIl1HOC B 111 6e3 TOshy
Ba Te gt+ltKaTa eKoorll14Ha 06CTaHOBKa Ha 4epHO Mope MOshy
gt+lte Jla ce CbJlIl1 OT cpaKTa 4e Jlbrll1flT 33 km 50CCPOPCKII1
npoToK ce 1I13nO3Ba KaTO eCTeCTBeH OTXOJleH KaHa 3a
6111TOBII1 111 TeXHoorll14HII1Te OTnaJlHII1 npOJlYKTII1 Ha HaJl
15-MII11I10HHOTO HaceeHlI1e Ha VlcTaH6y
Ha ceBep 4pe3 Kep4eHCKII1fl npoToK 4epHO Mope ce CBbpshy
3Ba C nAlI1TKOTO (MaKC Jlb6 14 m) A30BCKO Mope KaTO roshy
JlIl1WHO OT Hero npll1eMa 38 km3 a OTJlaBa 29 km3 BOJlIl1
no CII1aTa Ha CBoeTO reorpacpcKo noogt+lteHlI1e 111 reoshy
Ogt+ltKa eBoOllll1fl CII1CTeMaTa 4epHO Mope - A30BCKO
Mope npIl1Te r fl nOBbpXHOCTHlI1fl OTTOK OT Tepll1TOpll1fl
C nol1l OKOO 2 5 MH km2 no TaKbB Ha4111H BbPXY BCeKII1
KBaJlpaTeH MeTbp OT aKBaTOpll1flTa Ha Ta3111 CII1CTet a Bb 3shy
JleiilCTBaT OKOO 5 5 m2 OT HeiilHlI1fl BOJloc60peH 6ace 71 H
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce oT6eegt+ltlI1 4e TOBa CbOTHOshy
WeHlI1e 3a llelI1fl CBeToBeH OKeaH e caMO 04 m2 Te
OKOO 14 nbTII1 nO-MaKO
B rpaHlI1llll1Te Ha T03111 orpoMeH no CBOIl1Te pa3Mepll1
BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH pa3BII1T npeJlIl1MHO BbPXY KOHTII1 -
HeHTa EBpona 111 nO-MaKO BbPXY A3111fl ce BKo4BaT Teshy
PIl1TOpll1l11Te Ha 17 cYBepeHHII1 Jlbpgt+ltaBII1 C HaceeHlI1e HaJl
300 MH JlYWII1 TOBa ca ABCTPll1fl 5eopYClI1fl 5bMashy
pll1fl 50cHa 111 XepllerOBII1Ha iepMaHlI1fl ipY3l11fl PYMbshy
HlI1fl PYClI1fl CoBaKlI1fl CoBeHlI1fl Cbp6l11fl 4epHa ropa
XbPBaTlI1fl 4 ex II1fl TYPUlI1fl YKpaii1Ha 111 YHrapll1fl nOBe4eshy
TO OT Te3111 CTpaHII1 ce OTII14aBaT C BII1COKa CTeneH Ha
yp6aHlI13aUlI1fl II1HJlYCTpll1aII13aUII1fl 111 XII1MII13allll1fl Ha 3eshy
MeJleCKOTO np0Il13BOJlCTBO OmaJlHII1Te npOJlYKTII1 OT KOshy
II1TO 4pe3 OTTOKa (392 km3 roJl) Ha raBHII1Te pe4HII1 CII1Cshy
TeMII1 (DYHaB DHenbp DHecTbp DOH lOgt+lteH 5yr 111 Jlp )
nOCTbnBaT B 4epHO Mope
Haii1-roflM Jlfl 3a 3aMbpCflBaHeTO Ha 4epHO Mope
06a4e II1MaT CTpaHII1Te OT BOJloc60PHII1fl 6aceii1H Ha p
DYHaB nOl1lTa Ha KOiilTO Bb3II13a Ha 817 000 km2 Te
n04TV1 2 nbTII1 no-rOflMa OT Ta3111 Ha KpaiilHlI1fl npll1eMHII1K
TYK cpYHKllll1oHlI1paT OKOO 30 XII1 roeMII1 111 CpeJlHII1 npeJlshy
npll1flTlI1fl KaTO caMO 30 OT TflX ca 060pYJlBaHII1 CbC
cbBpeMeHHII1 II1HCTaallll1111 3a npe4111cTBaHe Ha OmaJlHII1shy
Te BOJlIl1 OKOO 5 5 X 111 t ca 61110reHHII1Te 111 OpraHII14HII1
Bel1lecTBa KOIl1TO p DYHaB BHaCfl B 4epHOMOpCKII1fl 6ashy
ceiilH CbC CBOfl 200 km3 rOJlIl1WeH OTTOK
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce noc04111 4e II1HJlll1peKTshy
HlI1flT 6brapCKII1 npIl1HOC B 3aMbpcflBaHeTo Ha 4epHO
Mope ce cpopMlI1pa BbPXY nol1l OT 45 732 km2 Te caMO
5 6 OT llelI1fl DYHaBcKII1 BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH Ol1le noshy
cKpoMeH e JlebT Ha 6brapCKII1Te 4epHOMOpCKII1 peKII1 C
TeXHlI1fl CpeJlHoroJlIl1WeH OTT OK OT 18 km3 KOiilTO ce cpopshy
MlI1pa BbPXY Tepll1TOpll1fl OT 16930 km2
c ~ lt0 1 BbJna (kn)
ri 01 - 0 3 shy 0 3 - 0 5
0 5 - 07
~ e pHO Mope
- of = sea cu rrents
iEOiPAC)V151
-
I
_w_w_w_-=g_ _ap_hy_i_it_b_a_S_ rEOtd~tyenrrnI--_______________ 52_0_1~Oeog=-f b--=g~_______
(Jur 4 CxeMa Ha MopcKiIITe Te4eHiII51 npeA 6b11rapCKiII51 6p51r Fug 4 Diagram of the sea currents close to the Bulgarian shore
OT Ka3aHOTO no-rope He e TPYAHO Aa ce BVIAVI -le Tpeshy
BOgtKHaTa eKOIIOrVl-lHa c VlTyaUVl51 B YepHO Mope B Hail1-roshy
III1Ma CTeneH e nopOAeHa OT centaKTOpVl rllaBHVlI1T Megt+ltoY
KOVITO e p DYHas npOI1SI1BaLLVI ce AaAe-l OT HeroBoTo
Kpaill6pegtKVle B TeCHVl51 CMVlCbA Ha AYMaTa ETO 3aLUO 33shy
AbAgtKeHVle VI OTroBOPHOCT Ha BCVI-lKVI npaSVlTellCTBeHVI VlHshy
CTVlryUVIVI VI HenpaBVlTellCTseHVI opraHVl3auVlVI OT uellVl51
DYHaSCKVl6aceillH e Aa npVleMaT KOHKpeTHVI VI cneWHVI
npaKTVI-leCKVI MepKVI 3a CBegt+ltoaHe AO MVlHVlMYM npVlTOKa
Ha 3aMbpCI1BaU(VlTe seU(eCTBa -lpe3 pe-lHVlI1 onOK
Dpyra rlIaBHa BagtKHa oc06eHOCT Ha Y epHO Mope KOshy
51TO ro npaBVI oc06eHo -lysCTBVlTeIlHO KbM HapaCTBaU(oTO
3aMbpc51BaHe VI pecentlIeKTVlpa BbPXY Vl3MeHeHVll1Ta Ha Heshy
roBVlTe eKocVlcTeMVI ce KpVle B cneUVIcentVI-lHaTa My XVlAPOshy
1I0rVl-lHa VI XVIApox VlMVI-l Ha CTpYKrypa VI pegtKVlM To e Haillshy
rolleMVl51T MepOMVlKTVI-leH (CVlIIHO pa3clloeH 6ell peA)
MopCKVl6aceil1H Ha 3eMI1Ta KaTO 3a Hero e xapaKTepHO
nOCTOI1HHO pa3CII051BaHe Ha BOAaTa nOMbpgtKaHO OT Bepshy
TVlKaAHVl I1 rpaAVleHT Ha nllbTHocna no BepT~1KaAa BOAshy
HaTa Maca ce pa3AeAl1 Ha 30CHOBHVl30HVI
nbpBaTa 30Ha e KVlCllopoAHaTa (aep06HaTa) VI 06xshy
BaU(a CliO 51 AO AbA6o-lVlHa 100-200 m B HeR c a HaMeshy
peHVI nellarVl4HVI gtKVlBOTHVI AO 150 m AbA604V1Ha a Ab Hshy
HVI - OT 130 AO 160 m B cesepHVlTe pailloHVI Ha 6ace il1Ha
VI OT 175 AO 200 m B pailloHa Ha 60ccentopa
rEorPACDV151
BTOpaTa 30Ha Hape-leHa npOMegt+ltoYTb-lHa VI Vl3BeCshy
THa OLLe KaTO peAOKC30Ha Vl3MeH51 Ae6ellVlHaTa CVI or
20 m no nepVlcentepVl51Ta Ha 6aceillHa AO 120 m B lleHTshy
pallHVlTe My -laCTVI npVl cpeAHa CToillHOCT - 50 m 3a
HeR e xapaKTepHO CbBMeCTHOTO CbLLeCTBYBaHe Ha KVlCshy
1I0pOA VI cepOBOAopOA
T peTaTa aHaepo6Ha 30Ha 06XBaLUa BOAHaTa Maca Ha
6aceillHa OT AbA60-lVlHV1150-250 mAO AbHOTO (MaKCVIshy
MaAHa AbA60-lVlHa 2245 m) T 51 3aeMa 873 OT 06LUVl51
06eM Ha 6aceil1Ha HaCVlTeHa CbC cepoBoAopoA VI e cpaBshy
HVlTellHO nOCT051HHa nOpaAVl 3arpYAHeHara llVlpKYallVl51
Ha BOAHVlTe MacVI ETo 3aLUO B TOBa OTHoweHVle YepHO
Mope ce OlleH51Ba KaTO eAVlH npVlpOAHo06peMeHeH CbC
3aMbpc51BaLLVI BeLLeCTBa (cepoBOAopoA) 6aceil1H
Ha centOHa Ha Ta3V1 06peMeHeHOCT Ha 6aceil1Ha cepVlshy
03Hvl Vl3MeHeHVl51 HaCTbnBaT B HeroBaTa XVlApOAOrVl-lHa
VI XVlAPOXVlMVI-lHa CTpYKTypa VI pegtKVlM nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha
-lOBeWKaTa Aeil1HoCT T 51 ce Vl3pa351Ba B -lYBCTBVlTeIlHOshy
TO HaMaA51BaHe npVlTOKa Ha pe-lHVI BOAVI BClleACTBVle Ha
nOBceMeCTHOTO Vl3rpagt+ltoaHe Ha xVlApOTeXHVI-leCKVI Cbshy
OpbgtKeHVl51 no nOpe-lVl51Ta Ha -lepHOMOpCKVlTe peKVI VI
VlHTeH3V1BHOTO pa3BVl f Vle Ha nOIlVlBHOTO 3eMeAellVle B
pe3YTaT Ha TOBa ce Ha61110AaBa nOBVlwaBaHe Ha COshy
AeHOCTTa Ha BOAVlTe B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT Ha 6ashy
ceil1Ha C 0 2 0 CnopeA H51KOVI Vl311eAOBaTellVl nO-Hashy
TaTbWHOTO CbKpaLLaBaHe Ha pe-lHVl51 OTTOK MOgtKe Aa
AOBeAe AO YBeAVI-laBaHe COlleHocna C 2 0 caMO ClleA
H51 KOIIKO AeceTVllleTVl51 HecbMHeHo Ta3V1 Tpail1Ha TeHshy
AeHllVl51 LLe BHece cbU(ecTBeHVI Vl3MeHeHVl51 B CTPYKTYshy
para VI centYHKllVlOHVlpaHeTO Ha MopcKVlTe eKOCVlCTeMVI
nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha pe-lHVl51 onOK VI Ha CVlHOnTVI-lHaTa
06cTaHoBKa HaA 6aceC1Ha BCAeAcTBVle Ha reorpacentCKOshy
TO My nOIlOgtKeHVle B Hero ce centopMVlpaT nOBbpXHOCTHVI
KBa3 V1cTallVlOHapHVI Te-leHVl51 (centVlr 3) 3a aKBaTopVl51Ta
Ha 6bMapcKVl51 ceKTop OT rAeAHa TO-lKa Ha 3aMbpc51shy
BaHeTO TBbpAe roll51Ma e pOIl51Ta Ha 3anaAHVl5111VlKAOshy
HaAeH BVlXbP VI no-TO-lHO Ha Ta3V1 Herosa -laCT K051TO e
Vl3BeCTHa KaTO K)gtKHO (DI1BOIICKO PYMeIlVlil1cKo) Te-leshy
HVle OCHoBHa npVl-l VlHa 3a HerosoTo 3apagt+ltoaHe ca pe-lshy
HVlTe BOAVI KOVITO nOCTbnsaT B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT
Ha 6aceillHa 06eMbT Ha KOVITO CbCTaBII51Ba OKOIIO 75 OT cYMapHVlI1 roAVlweH pe-leH onOK
B rpaHVlllVlTe Ha HaWVlI1 ceKTOp Ha YepHO Mope K)gtKshy
HOTO Te-leHVle HaBIIVl3a CbC CKOPOCT 7 - 8 kmh a cpeAshy
HaTa e 3-5 km h nOA BAVIR HVleTO Ha KOHcentVlrypallVl51Ta
Ha 6pera VI CVlHOnTVI-lHVlTe YCIIOBVl51 ce 06pa3ysaT ABa
UVlKIIOHallHVI BVlXbpa C pa3MepVl 20-40 k m s pail10Ha Ha
H KallVlaKpa - BapHa VI s AbIl60KoBp513aHVlI1 B cywaTa
6ypracKVI 3allVlB (centVlr 4) Ha pa3cT051HVle 1-3 km OT
6pera ce centopMVlpa npoTVlBOTe-leHVle C nOCOKa or lor Ha
ceBep Haill-A06pe Vl3pa3eHo MegtKAY YCTVleTo Ha p Peshy
30BCKa VI C030noll H EMVlHe H rallaTa VI cesepHo OT
H KaAVlaKpa B OTAellHVI cIIY-laVl s 3aSVlCVlMOCT OT KOHshy
KpeTHaTa x VlApoMeTeopOIIOrVl-lHa 06cTaHosKa Sb3HVlKshy
BaT VI aHTVlUVlKIIOHaAHVI SVlXPVl B lleHTpaAHaTa -laCT Kbshy
9
-5-2-0-10----------------------------- rE()~I~tr)rrn~ ~iit~b~a~s~b~g~ ~~----------____~W~W~~v~g~eo~g~r~a~ph~)~
AeTO CTaSa nOTbSaHe Ha nOSbpXHOCTHIt1Te SOAIt1
nplt1 TaKa OyepTaHaTa cxeMa Ha TeyeHIt1RTa He e TpYAshy
HO Aa ce SIt1AIt1 ye S cpaSHeHlt1e C OCTaHaAlt1Te ceKTopvl Ha
LJepHo MOpe 6birapCKOTO MOPCKO npoCTpaHCTSO e nOAshy
AOgtKeHO Ha Ha~HOARM It1 nOCTORHeH aHTponoreHeH YAap
npORSRSal1 ce KocseHO Ype3 nOSIt1WeHIt1Te KOHueHTpashy
UIt1It1 Ha 3aMbpCRSal11t1 seLWeCTsa OT URAa CpeAHa It1 V13shy
TOYHa Espona HOCeHIt1 OT IOgtKHOTO TeyeHlt1e
EKOiOrVlYHVI acneKTVI Ha TaHKepHVl51 npeB03 Ha KaCnVlIl1CKVI HecpT npe3 LJepHo Mope
KaKTO CTasa RCHO OT 1t13AOgtKeHaTa no-rope XpOHOshy
AOrIt1R npe3 nOCAeAHIt1Te roAIt1HIt1 TSbpAe MHOro MaCTIt1shy
AO ce 1t13nlt1Ca 3a npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoshy
AV1C npeASV1gtKAaLW npeXSbpM1HeTO Ha HecentT OT CpeAshy
Ha A3V1R It1 KaCnIt1I11CKV1R 6aCell1H 3a IOgtKHa Espona It1
Hall1-SeYe 3a MRCTOTO Ha 5bArapV1R S Hero
HapeA C reonOAV1TV1yeCKV1Te V1 V1KOHOMlt1yeCKV1Te acshy
neKTV1 Ha T03V1 npoeKT HeCbMHeHO Hall1-SagtKHV1RT e eKOshy
AOrV1YHV1flT nO-AOAY aKueHTbT e SbPXY eKOAOrV1YHIt1Te
aCneKTIt1 caMO Ha TaHKepHIt1R npeS03 no OTce4KaTa Hoshy
SOPOCIt1I11CK - 5yprac
3a Aa ce OCb3Hae S AbA60YV1Ha cepV103HOCTTa Ha
eKOAOrV1YHV1R PV1CK OT TpaHCnOpTlt1paHeTO Ha HecentT Ype3
TaHKepV1 ce HaAara MaKap It1 CbsceM HaKpaTKO Aa ce
aHaAV13V1pa aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepHV1R centAOT It1 3aMbpshy
CflsaHeTO Ha CseTOSHV1R OKeaH
EAIt1HOAYWHO e MHeHlt1eTO Ha cneUV1aAIt1CTV1Te ye OT
SCV1YKIt1 SIt1Aose 3aMbpCRsaHe Ha aKsaTopV1RTa Ha Cseshy
TOSHIt1R OKeaH nOHaCTORLWeM HecentTeHOTO e npIt1A06V1AO
r A06aAeH xapaKTep To He caMO e Hall1-pa3npOCTpaHeshy
HOTO HO It1 C Hall1-Tpall1HV11t1 onaCHV1 nOCAeAIt1UIt1 3a MOpshy
CKaTa cpeAa V1 Kpall16pegtKHIt1Te eKOCV1CTeMV1
Hall1-06LWO Cbl1eCTsysaT Asa TV1na HecentTeHO 3aMbpshy
CRsaHe XpOHV1YHO V1 asapV1I11HO nbpSV1RT Tlt1n ce OCbshy
LWeCTSRsa nOCTORHHO S TeyeHlt1e Ha AbAbr rlepIt10A HO
CbC CpaSHIt1TeAHO HV1CKV1 KOHueHTpauV1V1 Vl3TOYHIt1UV1
Ha Tosa 3aMbpCRsaHe ca CTonaHCKaTa Aell1HOCT Ha YOshy
seKa Ha KOHTV1HeHTV1Te It1 S OKeaHV1Te KaKTO V1 eCTeCTshy
seHOTO npOHIt1KSaHe Ha HecentT no TeKTOHCKV1 Hapyweshy
HV1R Ha OKeaHCKOTO (MOpCKO) AbHO 06l1OTO rOAIt1 WHO
KOAV1yeCTSO Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTV1 nOCTbnsaLWO S
CSeTOSHIt1R OKeaH e 13-14 MAH t OT KOV1TO 4-5 MAH t ca OT aHTponoreHeH npoV13xoA To e MHOro no-roARMO
OT Tosa SCAeACTSV1e Ha asapV1V1 C TaHKeplt1 Ho V1MeHHO
aSaplt1111HIt1Te pa3AV1sV1 Ha HecentT HaHaCRT Ha MopcKaTa
cpeAa Hall1-rOAeMV1 eKOAOrV1YHIt1 nOpagtKeHV1R Tbll1 KaTO
It1MaT 3aAnos xapaKTep KOIl1TO V13KAIoYsa Sb3MOgtKshy
HOCTTa 3a 6bp3a aAamaUlt1fl Ha npV1poAHaTa cpeAa OT
nOpa3eHIt1TeOKeaHCKIt1(MopCKIt1)npocTpaHcTsaHeHa
nOCAeAHO MRCTO e ye 3aAnosV1RT pa3AV1s S 3HaYV1shy
TeiHa CTeneH OrpaHlt1yaSa Sb3MOgtKHOCTTa 3a 6bp3a
peaKUIt1R no HerOSOTO OrpaHlt1yaSaHe
iEOiPActJVl71 10
3aAacepa36epaTnOpagtKeHIt1RTaHaHecentTaSbpxy
Mo pcKaTa cpeAa TpR6sa Aa ce 3HaRT HRKOV1 HerosV1
oc06eHoCTIt1 YCTaHOSeHO e ye 1 TOH pa3MlT cypos HecentT
nOKpV1sa nAOl1OTOKOAO 12 km2 HeeTpYAHoAace npecshy
MeTHe ye npV1 asapV1R Ha eAV1H TaHKep C TosapoHocV1shy
MOCT 100 XV1A t 3acTpaweHaTa nAOLW OT 3aMbpcRsaHe
LWe sb3Ae3e Ha OKOAO 12 MAH km2 ecHo AeTAIt1SIt1Te
KOMnOHeHTV1 Ha CypOSV1R HecentT KOIt1TO ca OT 20 AO 50 OT CbCTasa My ce 1t13napRSaT TSbpAe V1HTeH3It1SHO npV1
Tosa HecentTbT OTAasa SaTMoccentepaTa AO 50 AIt13eAOSOshy
TO ropV1BO AO 75 a Ma3YTbT - AO 10 OT CSOV1Te KOMshy
nOHeHTV1 3a Aa ce 1t13nap51T AeKV1Te centpaKUV1V1 Ha HecentTa
ca HygtKHV1 He nO-MaAKO OT 12 lIaca B CbLWOTO speMe
npOTV1ya npouec Ha KoarYAaUV1R Ha CyposV1R HecentT KaTO
ce 06pa3ysaT Tpall1HIt1 arperaTV1 EAHa yaCT OT HIX ce
OTAaraT Ha MOPCKOTO AbHO S pall10Ha Ha pa3AV1sa a APYshy
raTa - no-rOM1Ma yaCT - ce npeHaCR Ha rOAeMIt1 pa3CTOshy
flHV1R Do 5 OT HecentTa 06pa3ysa eMYACV1R nOA centopMashy
Ta Ha TbHbK CAOIl1 (ult1na) Ha MopCKaTa nOSbpXHOCT V13shy
seCTeH Ol1e KaTO HecentTeH centIIAM no T031t1 HaYV1H TO 111
Hapywasa HopMaAHV1R ra30S 06MeH Me~y aTMoccenteshy
paTa V1 XV1ApoccentepaTa - 06CTORTeACTSO KoeTO S Kpall1shy
Ha CMeTKa SOAV1 AO rlt16eA Ha MopCKaTa centaYHa V1 centAopa
Te AO YHIt1l1OgtKaSaHeTO Ha ueAV1 eKOCV1CTeMIt1
CTaTV1CTV1KaTa COYV1 ye OKOAO 50 OT rOAV1WHIt1R
cseToseH A06V1S Ha HecentT Sb3AV13al1 Ha OKOAO 35
MApA t ce TpaHcnopTV1pa no Mop e Vl3nOA3saHeTO Ha
TaHKepV1 3a npeS03 Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTIt1 e CSbPshy
3aHO C WARM eKOAOrlt1yeH pV1CK n o AaHHV1 Ha MegtKAYshy
HapOAHaTa centeAepaUV1R Ha co6CTSeHV1UIt1Te Ha TaHKeshy
pV1 (ITOF) sceKV150-TV1 pell1c e asapV1eH CpeA no-sagtKshy
HV1Te nplt1YV1HIt1 3a aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepV1Te Ta31t1
opraHV13aUV1RnOCOYSa He6AarOnpIt1RTHV1 XV1APOMeTeshy
0pOAOrIt1YHIt1 YCAOSV1R (26 ) nOgtKapV1 V1 S3pV1sose (25
) 3aAV1saHe (20 ) 3aCRAaHe S nAV1TY V1HV1 (15 ) C6AbcKsaHvlR (45 ) nospeAV1 Ha ASV1raTeAV1 SV1HTOshy
se saAose (6 ) V1 Ap V13cAeAsaHV1RTa COyaT lie Ha
sceKV11 MAH t npes03eH HecentT OT TaHKepV1Te ce pa3shy
AV1sa OKOAO 160 m3 OT TRX 40 AO 70 m3 ce pa3AV1saT S
aKsaTopV1RTa Ha nplt1eMal1OTO npV1CTaHIt1l1e
HeKa CVl np1l1nOMHVlM HRK01l1 OT Haill-rOAeMVlTe KaTacshyTPOltjl1l1 c TaHKepVl
bull npe3 1967 r cynepTaHKepbT Top1l1 KaHboH ce pa36V1Ba Kpaill 6peroBeTe Ha AHrA1I1H B npOiVlBa Ia MaHw B MopeTo ce pa3i1I1BaT 117 X1I1A t CypOB Heltjn HeltjneshyH1I1RT pa3i1I1B 3aCR ra Kpail16pegtKVlRTa KaKTO Ha AHriVlR TaKa 111 Ha CDpaHLVlH
bull npe311eKeMBpVl1972 r B OMaHcKVlR 3aiVlB Kopa6bT C1I1 CTap ce C6ibCKBa c 6pa3111 iC K1I1R TaHKep XopTa 5ap6apoca 111 ce B3p1l1BRBa KOiVl4eCTBOTO pa3iRT Heqn e 115 XiI1i t
bull Ha 2402 1974 r Ha OKOiO 600 km 3anallHO OT OXOHOiyiy (T1I1 x 1I1 oKeaH) TaHKepbT XaBaillbH neTpil1shybT ce 3anaiBa 11 B3pil1 BH Ba Pa3iVlBaT ce 80 XiI1i t cyshypOB HecpT
_ _____ _ _ _w_w__g_e_o_g_r3_p_hy_i_i t_b_3_S_b_g 0-10_rEOidt~---------------5--2shy
bull Ha 16031978 r cynepTaHKepbT AMOKO Kanlt1c
nAaBall non AIt16eplt1l-1CKIt1 ltjlAar 18 MIt1H CAeu nOAYHOll B
EiIt1CKal-1CKlt1fl 3aAIt1B ce pa361t1Ba B Kpal-16pegtKHIt1Te CKaAIt1
OT npeYyneHlt1fl TaHKep 220 XIt1A t CypOB HeltjlT ce pa3AIt1shy
BaT B MopeTO KOl-1TO 3a KpaTKO BpeMe UOCTlt1ra 6peroBeshy
Te Ha CJ)paHLllt1fl llleTIt1Te OT KaTacTpoltjlaTa ca OLleHeHIt1
Ha OKOAO 150 MAH nOAapa 6e3 na ce OTYIt1TaT nopagtKeshy
Hlt1flTa BbPXY MOpCKIt1Te It1 Kpal-16pegtKHIt1 eKOCIt1CTeMIt1
bull npe3 HOeMBplt11 9 81 r s KYPWCKlt1fl 3aAIt1S Ha nplt1cshy
TaHIt1lle KAanel-1ua (EiaATIt1l-1CKO Mope) OT pa3pyweHIt1fl
Kopnyc Ha TaHKepa I A06e ACIt1MIt1 ce 1t13AIt1SaT OKOAO
17 XIt1A t Ma3YT It1 nlt1 3eAOBO roplt1BO LJeTlt1plt1 MeceLla CAeu
aBaplt1flTa CbnbpgtKaHlt1eTO Ha HeltjlTonponYKTIt1Te B MOpshy
CK a Ta Boua npeBIt1WaBa OT 5 AO 10 nbTlt1 ltjlOHOBIt1Te
bull Ha 6081983 r Ha TpaBepca Ha Kel-1nTaYH (IOgtKHa
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12
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TOVl cnaLla KbM 6ac8VlHa Ha ATAaHTV1LJeCKVl51 OK8aH 101
ce 51B51Ba LJaCT OT rOA51MoToFoMaHcKo CpeLlV138MHO
Mope 06MeHbT Ha LJepHOMOpCKVlTe BOLlVl CbC CBeshy
TOBHVl51 OKeaH e CVlAHO 3aTpYLlHeH 101 ce OCbUj8CTB51Ba
7
52010 rEIi vvwwgeograph - bg ~---=--------------- II1~~ iJ1jf]f--------=---=--~--
eAVlHCTBeHo Ype3 TeCHVlfl (07 - 37 km) Vl cpaBHVlT8shy
HO H8Ab6oK (275-121 m) 60CcentOpCKVl npoToK TOBa
06cToflTecTBo VlMa Vl3KoYVlT8HO rOflMa POfl 3a
npoAbgt+ltVlT8HOTO 3aAbpgt+ltaH8 Ha TBbPA8 pa3Hoo6shy
pa3HaTa raMa OT 3aMbpcflBau(Vl B8u(8cTBa KOVlTO nocshy
TbnsaT s 6ac8i1Ha
nOCpeJlCTBOM JlOHOTO 60CCPOpCKO Te4eHII1e B YepHO
Mope roJlIl1WHO nOCTbnBaT OKOO 230 km3 MpaMopHoMOPshy
CKII1 BOJlIl1 CbC coeHOCT 37-38 0 Te3111 nbTHII1 Tegt+ltKII1
BOJlIl1 3anbBaT no-rOMlMaTa 4aCT OT Jlb60KOBOJlHaTa 4epshy
HOMopcKa KOTOBII1Ha 06paTHo KbM MpaMopHO Mope 1113shy
TII14aT roJlIl1WHO OKOO 485 km3 4epHOMOpCKII1 BOJlIl1 C npll16shy
1113111TeHO JlBoiilHO nO-HII1CKa coeHOCT BbnpocbT 3a Kashy
KbB nepll10Jl ce 06HoBflBaT 1I1311flO BOJlIl1Te Ha 4epHO Mope
e Bce Ol1le JlIl1CKYCII10HeH CnopeJl eJlHII1 olleHKII1 TOBa CTashy
Ba npll161113111TeHO Ha 11Il1Kb OT 150-200 rOJlIl1HII1 cnopeJl
JlPyrll1 Ha 400 a cnopeJl TpeTII1 - Ha 1000 rOJlIl1HII1
OCBeH 3aTpYJlHeHII1fl BOJlo06MeH Megt+ltJlY JlBaTa 6aceiilshy
Ha KoiilTO onpeJlefl cnellll1cpll14HaTa XII1Jlpoorll14Ha
CTpYKTypa Ha 4epHO Mope OT eKoorll14Ha reJlHa T04Ka
Bagt+lteH cpaKTOp ce flBflBa Ka4eCTBOTO Ha nOCTbnBal1lIl1Te
MpaMopHOMOPCKII1 BOJlIl1 3a TeXHlI1fl npIl1HOC B 111 6e3 TOshy
Ba Te gt+ltKaTa eKoorll14Ha 06CTaHOBKa Ha 4epHO Mope MOshy
gt+lte Jla ce CbJlIl1 OT cpaKTa 4e Jlbrll1flT 33 km 50CCPOPCKII1
npoToK ce 1I13nO3Ba KaTO eCTeCTBeH OTXOJleH KaHa 3a
6111TOBII1 111 TeXHoorll14HII1Te OTnaJlHII1 npOJlYKTII1 Ha HaJl
15-MII11I10HHOTO HaceeHlI1e Ha VlcTaH6y
Ha ceBep 4pe3 Kep4eHCKII1fl npoToK 4epHO Mope ce CBbpshy
3Ba C nAlI1TKOTO (MaKC Jlb6 14 m) A30BCKO Mope KaTO roshy
JlIl1WHO OT Hero npll1eMa 38 km3 a OTJlaBa 29 km3 BOJlIl1
no CII1aTa Ha CBoeTO reorpacpcKo noogt+lteHlI1e 111 reoshy
Ogt+ltKa eBoOllll1fl CII1CTeMaTa 4epHO Mope - A30BCKO
Mope npIl1Te r fl nOBbpXHOCTHlI1fl OTTOK OT Tepll1TOpll1fl
C nol1l OKOO 2 5 MH km2 no TaKbB Ha4111H BbPXY BCeKII1
KBaJlpaTeH MeTbp OT aKBaTOpll1flTa Ha Ta3111 CII1CTet a Bb 3shy
JleiilCTBaT OKOO 5 5 m2 OT HeiilHlI1fl BOJloc60peH 6ace 71 H
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce oT6eegt+ltlI1 4e TOBa CbOTHOshy
WeHlI1e 3a llelI1fl CBeToBeH OKeaH e caMO 04 m2 Te
OKOO 14 nbTII1 nO-MaKO
B rpaHlI1llll1Te Ha T03111 orpoMeH no CBOIl1Te pa3Mepll1
BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH pa3BII1T npeJlIl1MHO BbPXY KOHTII1 -
HeHTa EBpona 111 nO-MaKO BbPXY A3111fl ce BKo4BaT Teshy
PIl1TOpll1l11Te Ha 17 cYBepeHHII1 Jlbpgt+ltaBII1 C HaceeHlI1e HaJl
300 MH JlYWII1 TOBa ca ABCTPll1fl 5eopYClI1fl 5bMashy
pll1fl 50cHa 111 XepllerOBII1Ha iepMaHlI1fl ipY3l11fl PYMbshy
HlI1fl PYClI1fl CoBaKlI1fl CoBeHlI1fl Cbp6l11fl 4epHa ropa
XbPBaTlI1fl 4 ex II1fl TYPUlI1fl YKpaii1Ha 111 YHrapll1fl nOBe4eshy
TO OT Te3111 CTpaHII1 ce OTII14aBaT C BII1COKa CTeneH Ha
yp6aHlI13aUlI1fl II1HJlYCTpll1aII13aUII1fl 111 XII1MII13allll1fl Ha 3eshy
MeJleCKOTO np0Il13BOJlCTBO OmaJlHII1Te npOJlYKTII1 OT KOshy
II1TO 4pe3 OTTOKa (392 km3 roJl) Ha raBHII1Te pe4HII1 CII1Cshy
TeMII1 (DYHaB DHenbp DHecTbp DOH lOgt+lteH 5yr 111 Jlp )
nOCTbnBaT B 4epHO Mope
Haii1-roflM Jlfl 3a 3aMbpCflBaHeTO Ha 4epHO Mope
06a4e II1MaT CTpaHII1Te OT BOJloc60PHII1fl 6aceii1H Ha p
DYHaB nOl1lTa Ha KOiilTO Bb3II13a Ha 817 000 km2 Te
n04TV1 2 nbTII1 no-rOflMa OT Ta3111 Ha KpaiilHlI1fl npll1eMHII1K
TYK cpYHKllll1oHlI1paT OKOO 30 XII1 roeMII1 111 CpeJlHII1 npeJlshy
npll1flTlI1fl KaTO caMO 30 OT TflX ca 060pYJlBaHII1 CbC
cbBpeMeHHII1 II1HCTaallll1111 3a npe4111cTBaHe Ha OmaJlHII1shy
Te BOJlIl1 OKOO 5 5 X 111 t ca 61110reHHII1Te 111 OpraHII14HII1
Bel1lecTBa KOIl1TO p DYHaB BHaCfl B 4epHOMOpCKII1fl 6ashy
ceiilH CbC CBOfl 200 km3 rOJlIl1WeH OTTOK
3a cpaBHeHlI1e ceJlBa Jla ce noc04111 4e II1HJlll1peKTshy
HlI1flT 6brapCKII1 npIl1HOC B 3aMbpcflBaHeTo Ha 4epHO
Mope ce cpopMlI1pa BbPXY nol1l OT 45 732 km2 Te caMO
5 6 OT llelI1fl DYHaBcKII1 BOJloc60peH 6aceiilH Ol1le noshy
cKpoMeH e JlebT Ha 6brapCKII1Te 4epHOMOpCKII1 peKII1 C
TeXHlI1fl CpeJlHoroJlIl1WeH OTT OK OT 18 km3 KOiilTO ce cpopshy
MlI1pa BbPXY Tepll1TOpll1fl OT 16930 km2
c ~ lt0 1 BbJna (kn)
ri 01 - 0 3 shy 0 3 - 0 5
0 5 - 07
~ e pHO Mope
- of = sea cu rrents
iEOiPAC)V151
-
I
_w_w_w_-=g_ _ap_hy_i_it_b_a_S_ rEOtd~tyenrrnI--_______________ 52_0_1~Oeog=-f b--=g~_______
(Jur 4 CxeMa Ha MopcKiIITe Te4eHiII51 npeA 6b11rapCKiII51 6p51r Fug 4 Diagram of the sea currents close to the Bulgarian shore
OT Ka3aHOTO no-rope He e TPYAHO Aa ce BVIAVI -le Tpeshy
BOgtKHaTa eKOIIOrVl-lHa c VlTyaUVl51 B YepHO Mope B Hail1-roshy
III1Ma CTeneH e nopOAeHa OT centaKTOpVl rllaBHVlI1T Megt+ltoY
KOVITO e p DYHas npOI1SI1BaLLVI ce AaAe-l OT HeroBoTo
Kpaill6pegtKVle B TeCHVl51 CMVlCbA Ha AYMaTa ETO 3aLUO 33shy
AbAgtKeHVle VI OTroBOPHOCT Ha BCVI-lKVI npaSVlTellCTBeHVI VlHshy
CTVlryUVIVI VI HenpaBVlTellCTseHVI opraHVl3auVlVI OT uellVl51
DYHaSCKVl6aceillH e Aa npVleMaT KOHKpeTHVI VI cneWHVI
npaKTVI-leCKVI MepKVI 3a CBegt+ltoaHe AO MVlHVlMYM npVlTOKa
Ha 3aMbpCI1BaU(VlTe seU(eCTBa -lpe3 pe-lHVlI1 onOK
Dpyra rlIaBHa BagtKHa oc06eHOCT Ha Y epHO Mope KOshy
51TO ro npaBVI oc06eHo -lysCTBVlTeIlHO KbM HapaCTBaU(oTO
3aMbpc51BaHe VI pecentlIeKTVlpa BbPXY Vl3MeHeHVll1Ta Ha Heshy
roBVlTe eKocVlcTeMVI ce KpVle B cneUVIcentVI-lHaTa My XVlAPOshy
1I0rVl-lHa VI XVIApox VlMVI-l Ha CTpYKrypa VI pegtKVlM To e Haillshy
rolleMVl51T MepOMVlKTVI-leH (CVlIIHO pa3clloeH 6ell peA)
MopCKVl6aceil1H Ha 3eMI1Ta KaTO 3a Hero e xapaKTepHO
nOCTOI1HHO pa3CII051BaHe Ha BOAaTa nOMbpgtKaHO OT Bepshy
TVlKaAHVl I1 rpaAVleHT Ha nllbTHocna no BepT~1KaAa BOAshy
HaTa Maca ce pa3AeAl1 Ha 30CHOBHVl30HVI
nbpBaTa 30Ha e KVlCllopoAHaTa (aep06HaTa) VI 06xshy
BaU(a CliO 51 AO AbA6o-lVlHa 100-200 m B HeR c a HaMeshy
peHVI nellarVl4HVI gtKVlBOTHVI AO 150 m AbA604V1Ha a Ab Hshy
HVI - OT 130 AO 160 m B cesepHVlTe pailloHVI Ha 6ace il1Ha
VI OT 175 AO 200 m B pailloHa Ha 60ccentopa
rEorPACDV151
BTOpaTa 30Ha Hape-leHa npOMegt+ltoYTb-lHa VI Vl3BeCshy
THa OLLe KaTO peAOKC30Ha Vl3MeH51 Ae6ellVlHaTa CVI or
20 m no nepVlcentepVl51Ta Ha 6aceillHa AO 120 m B lleHTshy
pallHVlTe My -laCTVI npVl cpeAHa CToillHOCT - 50 m 3a
HeR e xapaKTepHO CbBMeCTHOTO CbLLeCTBYBaHe Ha KVlCshy
1I0pOA VI cepOBOAopOA
T peTaTa aHaepo6Ha 30Ha 06XBaLUa BOAHaTa Maca Ha
6aceillHa OT AbA60-lVlHV1150-250 mAO AbHOTO (MaKCVIshy
MaAHa AbA60-lVlHa 2245 m) T 51 3aeMa 873 OT 06LUVl51
06eM Ha 6aceil1Ha HaCVlTeHa CbC cepoBoAopoA VI e cpaBshy
HVlTellHO nOCT051HHa nOpaAVl 3arpYAHeHara llVlpKYallVl51
Ha BOAHVlTe MacVI ETo 3aLUO B TOBa OTHoweHVle YepHO
Mope ce OlleH51Ba KaTO eAVlH npVlpOAHo06peMeHeH CbC
3aMbpc51BaLLVI BeLLeCTBa (cepoBOAopoA) 6aceil1H
Ha centOHa Ha Ta3V1 06peMeHeHOCT Ha 6aceil1Ha cepVlshy
03Hvl Vl3MeHeHVl51 HaCTbnBaT B HeroBaTa XVlApOAOrVl-lHa
VI XVlAPOXVlMVI-lHa CTpYKTypa VI pegtKVlM nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha
-lOBeWKaTa Aeil1HoCT T 51 ce Vl3pa351Ba B -lYBCTBVlTeIlHOshy
TO HaMaA51BaHe npVlTOKa Ha pe-lHVI BOAVI BClleACTBVle Ha
nOBceMeCTHOTO Vl3rpagt+ltoaHe Ha xVlApOTeXHVI-leCKVI Cbshy
OpbgtKeHVl51 no nOpe-lVl51Ta Ha -lepHOMOpCKVlTe peKVI VI
VlHTeH3V1BHOTO pa3BVl f Vle Ha nOIlVlBHOTO 3eMeAellVle B
pe3YTaT Ha TOBa ce Ha61110AaBa nOBVlwaBaHe Ha COshy
AeHOCTTa Ha BOAVlTe B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT Ha 6ashy
ceil1Ha C 0 2 0 CnopeA H51KOVI Vl311eAOBaTellVl nO-Hashy
TaTbWHOTO CbKpaLLaBaHe Ha pe-lHVl51 OTTOK MOgtKe Aa
AOBeAe AO YBeAVI-laBaHe COlleHocna C 2 0 caMO ClleA
H51 KOIIKO AeceTVllleTVl51 HecbMHeHo Ta3V1 Tpail1Ha TeHshy
AeHllVl51 LLe BHece cbU(ecTBeHVI Vl3MeHeHVl51 B CTPYKTYshy
para VI centYHKllVlOHVlpaHeTO Ha MopcKVlTe eKOCVlCTeMVI
nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha pe-lHVl51 onOK VI Ha CVlHOnTVI-lHaTa
06cTaHoBKa HaA 6aceC1Ha BCAeAcTBVle Ha reorpacentCKOshy
TO My nOIlOgtKeHVle B Hero ce centopMVlpaT nOBbpXHOCTHVI
KBa3 V1cTallVlOHapHVI Te-leHVl51 (centVlr 3) 3a aKBaTopVl51Ta
Ha 6bMapcKVl51 ceKTop OT rAeAHa TO-lKa Ha 3aMbpc51shy
BaHeTO TBbpAe roll51Ma e pOIl51Ta Ha 3anaAHVl5111VlKAOshy
HaAeH BVlXbP VI no-TO-lHO Ha Ta3V1 Herosa -laCT K051TO e
Vl3BeCTHa KaTO K)gtKHO (DI1BOIICKO PYMeIlVlil1cKo) Te-leshy
HVle OCHoBHa npVl-l VlHa 3a HerosoTo 3apagt+ltoaHe ca pe-lshy
HVlTe BOAVI KOVITO nOCTbnsaT B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT
Ha 6aceillHa 06eMbT Ha KOVITO CbCTaBII51Ba OKOIIO 75 OT cYMapHVlI1 roAVlweH pe-leH onOK
B rpaHVlllVlTe Ha HaWVlI1 ceKTOp Ha YepHO Mope K)gtKshy
HOTO Te-leHVle HaBIIVl3a CbC CKOPOCT 7 - 8 kmh a cpeAshy
HaTa e 3-5 km h nOA BAVIR HVleTO Ha KOHcentVlrypallVl51Ta
Ha 6pera VI CVlHOnTVI-lHVlTe YCIIOBVl51 ce 06pa3ysaT ABa
UVlKIIOHallHVI BVlXbpa C pa3MepVl 20-40 k m s pail10Ha Ha
H KallVlaKpa - BapHa VI s AbIl60KoBp513aHVlI1 B cywaTa
6ypracKVI 3allVlB (centVlr 4) Ha pa3cT051HVle 1-3 km OT
6pera ce centopMVlpa npoTVlBOTe-leHVle C nOCOKa or lor Ha
ceBep Haill-A06pe Vl3pa3eHo MegtKAY YCTVleTo Ha p Peshy
30BCKa VI C030noll H EMVlHe H rallaTa VI cesepHo OT
H KaAVlaKpa B OTAellHVI cIIY-laVl s 3aSVlCVlMOCT OT KOHshy
KpeTHaTa x VlApoMeTeopOIIOrVl-lHa 06cTaHosKa Sb3HVlKshy
BaT VI aHTVlUVlKIIOHaAHVI SVlXPVl B lleHTpaAHaTa -laCT Kbshy
9
-5-2-0-10----------------------------- rE()~I~tr)rrn~ ~iit~b~a~s~b~g~ ~~----------____~W~W~~v~g~eo~g~r~a~ph~)~
AeTO CTaSa nOTbSaHe Ha nOSbpXHOCTHIt1Te SOAIt1
nplt1 TaKa OyepTaHaTa cxeMa Ha TeyeHIt1RTa He e TpYAshy
HO Aa ce SIt1AIt1 ye S cpaSHeHlt1e C OCTaHaAlt1Te ceKTopvl Ha
LJepHo MOpe 6birapCKOTO MOPCKO npoCTpaHCTSO e nOAshy
AOgtKeHO Ha Ha~HOARM It1 nOCTORHeH aHTponoreHeH YAap
npORSRSal1 ce KocseHO Ype3 nOSIt1WeHIt1Te KOHueHTpashy
UIt1It1 Ha 3aMbpCRSal11t1 seLWeCTsa OT URAa CpeAHa It1 V13shy
TOYHa Espona HOCeHIt1 OT IOgtKHOTO TeyeHlt1e
EKOiOrVlYHVI acneKTVI Ha TaHKepHVl51 npeB03 Ha KaCnVlIl1CKVI HecpT npe3 LJepHo Mope
KaKTO CTasa RCHO OT 1t13AOgtKeHaTa no-rope XpOHOshy
AOrIt1R npe3 nOCAeAHIt1Te roAIt1HIt1 TSbpAe MHOro MaCTIt1shy
AO ce 1t13nlt1Ca 3a npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoshy
AV1C npeASV1gtKAaLW npeXSbpM1HeTO Ha HecentT OT CpeAshy
Ha A3V1R It1 KaCnIt1I11CKV1R 6aCell1H 3a IOgtKHa Espona It1
Hall1-SeYe 3a MRCTOTO Ha 5bArapV1R S Hero
HapeA C reonOAV1TV1yeCKV1Te V1 V1KOHOMlt1yeCKV1Te acshy
neKTV1 Ha T03V1 npoeKT HeCbMHeHO Hall1-SagtKHV1RT e eKOshy
AOrV1YHV1flT nO-AOAY aKueHTbT e SbPXY eKOAOrV1YHIt1Te
aCneKTIt1 caMO Ha TaHKepHIt1R npeS03 no OTce4KaTa Hoshy
SOPOCIt1I11CK - 5yprac
3a Aa ce OCb3Hae S AbA60YV1Ha cepV103HOCTTa Ha
eKOAOrV1YHV1R PV1CK OT TpaHCnOpTlt1paHeTO Ha HecentT Ype3
TaHKepV1 ce HaAara MaKap It1 CbsceM HaKpaTKO Aa ce
aHaAV13V1pa aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepHV1R centAOT It1 3aMbpshy
CflsaHeTO Ha CseTOSHV1R OKeaH
EAIt1HOAYWHO e MHeHlt1eTO Ha cneUV1aAIt1CTV1Te ye OT
SCV1YKIt1 SIt1Aose 3aMbpCRsaHe Ha aKsaTopV1RTa Ha Cseshy
TOSHIt1R OKeaH nOHaCTORLWeM HecentTeHOTO e npIt1A06V1AO
r A06aAeH xapaKTep To He caMO e Hall1-pa3npOCTpaHeshy
HOTO HO It1 C Hall1-Tpall1HV11t1 onaCHV1 nOCAeAIt1UIt1 3a MOpshy
CKaTa cpeAa V1 Kpall16pegtKHIt1Te eKOCV1CTeMV1
Hall1-06LWO Cbl1eCTsysaT Asa TV1na HecentTeHO 3aMbpshy
CRsaHe XpOHV1YHO V1 asapV1I11HO nbpSV1RT Tlt1n ce OCbshy
LWeCTSRsa nOCTORHHO S TeyeHlt1e Ha AbAbr rlepIt10A HO
CbC CpaSHIt1TeAHO HV1CKV1 KOHueHTpauV1V1 Vl3TOYHIt1UV1
Ha Tosa 3aMbpCRsaHe ca CTonaHCKaTa Aell1HOCT Ha YOshy
seKa Ha KOHTV1HeHTV1Te It1 S OKeaHV1Te KaKTO V1 eCTeCTshy
seHOTO npOHIt1KSaHe Ha HecentT no TeKTOHCKV1 Hapyweshy
HV1R Ha OKeaHCKOTO (MOpCKO) AbHO 06l1OTO rOAIt1 WHO
KOAV1yeCTSO Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTV1 nOCTbnsaLWO S
CSeTOSHIt1R OKeaH e 13-14 MAH t OT KOV1TO 4-5 MAH t ca OT aHTponoreHeH npoV13xoA To e MHOro no-roARMO
OT Tosa SCAeACTSV1e Ha asapV1V1 C TaHKeplt1 Ho V1MeHHO
aSaplt1111HIt1Te pa3AV1sV1 Ha HecentT HaHaCRT Ha MopcKaTa
cpeAa Hall1-rOAeMV1 eKOAOrV1YHIt1 nOpagtKeHV1R Tbll1 KaTO
It1MaT 3aAnos xapaKTep KOIl1TO V13KAIoYsa Sb3MOgtKshy
HOCTTa 3a 6bp3a aAamaUlt1fl Ha npV1poAHaTa cpeAa OT
nOpa3eHIt1TeOKeaHCKIt1(MopCKIt1)npocTpaHcTsaHeHa
nOCAeAHO MRCTO e ye 3aAnosV1RT pa3AV1s S 3HaYV1shy
TeiHa CTeneH OrpaHlt1yaSa Sb3MOgtKHOCTTa 3a 6bp3a
peaKUIt1R no HerOSOTO OrpaHlt1yaSaHe
iEOiPActJVl71 10
3aAacepa36epaTnOpagtKeHIt1RTaHaHecentTaSbpxy
Mo pcKaTa cpeAa TpR6sa Aa ce 3HaRT HRKOV1 HerosV1
oc06eHoCTIt1 YCTaHOSeHO e ye 1 TOH pa3MlT cypos HecentT
nOKpV1sa nAOl1OTOKOAO 12 km2 HeeTpYAHoAace npecshy
MeTHe ye npV1 asapV1R Ha eAV1H TaHKep C TosapoHocV1shy
MOCT 100 XV1A t 3acTpaweHaTa nAOLW OT 3aMbpcRsaHe
LWe sb3Ae3e Ha OKOAO 12 MAH km2 ecHo AeTAIt1SIt1Te
KOMnOHeHTV1 Ha CypOSV1R HecentT KOIt1TO ca OT 20 AO 50 OT CbCTasa My ce 1t13napRSaT TSbpAe V1HTeH3It1SHO npV1
Tosa HecentTbT OTAasa SaTMoccentepaTa AO 50 AIt13eAOSOshy
TO ropV1BO AO 75 a Ma3YTbT - AO 10 OT CSOV1Te KOMshy
nOHeHTV1 3a Aa ce 1t13nap51T AeKV1Te centpaKUV1V1 Ha HecentTa
ca HygtKHV1 He nO-MaAKO OT 12 lIaca B CbLWOTO speMe
npOTV1ya npouec Ha KoarYAaUV1R Ha CyposV1R HecentT KaTO
ce 06pa3ysaT Tpall1HIt1 arperaTV1 EAHa yaCT OT HIX ce
OTAaraT Ha MOPCKOTO AbHO S pall10Ha Ha pa3AV1sa a APYshy
raTa - no-rOM1Ma yaCT - ce npeHaCR Ha rOAeMIt1 pa3CTOshy
flHV1R Do 5 OT HecentTa 06pa3ysa eMYACV1R nOA centopMashy
Ta Ha TbHbK CAOIl1 (ult1na) Ha MopCKaTa nOSbpXHOCT V13shy
seCTeH Ol1e KaTO HecentTeH centIIAM no T031t1 HaYV1H TO 111
Hapywasa HopMaAHV1R ra30S 06MeH Me~y aTMoccenteshy
paTa V1 XV1ApoccentepaTa - 06CTORTeACTSO KoeTO S Kpall1shy
Ha CMeTKa SOAV1 AO rlt16eA Ha MopCKaTa centaYHa V1 centAopa
Te AO YHIt1l1OgtKaSaHeTO Ha ueAV1 eKOCV1CTeMIt1
CTaTV1CTV1KaTa COYV1 ye OKOAO 50 OT rOAV1WHIt1R
cseToseH A06V1S Ha HecentT Sb3AV13al1 Ha OKOAO 35
MApA t ce TpaHcnopTV1pa no Mop e Vl3nOA3saHeTO Ha
TaHKepV1 3a npeS03 Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTIt1 e CSbPshy
3aHO C WARM eKOAOrlt1yeH pV1CK n o AaHHV1 Ha MegtKAYshy
HapOAHaTa centeAepaUV1R Ha co6CTSeHV1UIt1Te Ha TaHKeshy
pV1 (ITOF) sceKV150-TV1 pell1c e asapV1eH CpeA no-sagtKshy
HV1Te nplt1YV1HIt1 3a aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepV1Te Ta31t1
opraHV13aUV1RnOCOYSa He6AarOnpIt1RTHV1 XV1APOMeTeshy
0pOAOrIt1YHIt1 YCAOSV1R (26 ) nOgtKapV1 V1 S3pV1sose (25
) 3aAV1saHe (20 ) 3aCRAaHe S nAV1TY V1HV1 (15 ) C6AbcKsaHvlR (45 ) nospeAV1 Ha ASV1raTeAV1 SV1HTOshy
se saAose (6 ) V1 Ap V13cAeAsaHV1RTa COyaT lie Ha
sceKV11 MAH t npes03eH HecentT OT TaHKepV1Te ce pa3shy
AV1sa OKOAO 160 m3 OT TRX 40 AO 70 m3 ce pa3AV1saT S
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12
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_w_w_w_-=g_ _ap_hy_i_it_b_a_S_ rEOtd~tyenrrnI--_______________ 52_0_1~Oeog=-f b--=g~_______
(Jur 4 CxeMa Ha MopcKiIITe Te4eHiII51 npeA 6b11rapCKiII51 6p51r Fug 4 Diagram of the sea currents close to the Bulgarian shore
OT Ka3aHOTO no-rope He e TPYAHO Aa ce BVIAVI -le Tpeshy
BOgtKHaTa eKOIIOrVl-lHa c VlTyaUVl51 B YepHO Mope B Hail1-roshy
III1Ma CTeneH e nopOAeHa OT centaKTOpVl rllaBHVlI1T Megt+ltoY
KOVITO e p DYHas npOI1SI1BaLLVI ce AaAe-l OT HeroBoTo
Kpaill6pegtKVle B TeCHVl51 CMVlCbA Ha AYMaTa ETO 3aLUO 33shy
AbAgtKeHVle VI OTroBOPHOCT Ha BCVI-lKVI npaSVlTellCTBeHVI VlHshy
CTVlryUVIVI VI HenpaBVlTellCTseHVI opraHVl3auVlVI OT uellVl51
DYHaSCKVl6aceillH e Aa npVleMaT KOHKpeTHVI VI cneWHVI
npaKTVI-leCKVI MepKVI 3a CBegt+ltoaHe AO MVlHVlMYM npVlTOKa
Ha 3aMbpCI1BaU(VlTe seU(eCTBa -lpe3 pe-lHVlI1 onOK
Dpyra rlIaBHa BagtKHa oc06eHOCT Ha Y epHO Mope KOshy
51TO ro npaBVI oc06eHo -lysCTBVlTeIlHO KbM HapaCTBaU(oTO
3aMbpc51BaHe VI pecentlIeKTVlpa BbPXY Vl3MeHeHVll1Ta Ha Heshy
roBVlTe eKocVlcTeMVI ce KpVle B cneUVIcentVI-lHaTa My XVlAPOshy
1I0rVl-lHa VI XVIApox VlMVI-l Ha CTpYKrypa VI pegtKVlM To e Haillshy
rolleMVl51T MepOMVlKTVI-leH (CVlIIHO pa3clloeH 6ell peA)
MopCKVl6aceil1H Ha 3eMI1Ta KaTO 3a Hero e xapaKTepHO
nOCTOI1HHO pa3CII051BaHe Ha BOAaTa nOMbpgtKaHO OT Bepshy
TVlKaAHVl I1 rpaAVleHT Ha nllbTHocna no BepT~1KaAa BOAshy
HaTa Maca ce pa3AeAl1 Ha 30CHOBHVl30HVI
nbpBaTa 30Ha e KVlCllopoAHaTa (aep06HaTa) VI 06xshy
BaU(a CliO 51 AO AbA6o-lVlHa 100-200 m B HeR c a HaMeshy
peHVI nellarVl4HVI gtKVlBOTHVI AO 150 m AbA604V1Ha a Ab Hshy
HVI - OT 130 AO 160 m B cesepHVlTe pailloHVI Ha 6ace il1Ha
VI OT 175 AO 200 m B pailloHa Ha 60ccentopa
rEorPACDV151
BTOpaTa 30Ha Hape-leHa npOMegt+ltoYTb-lHa VI Vl3BeCshy
THa OLLe KaTO peAOKC30Ha Vl3MeH51 Ae6ellVlHaTa CVI or
20 m no nepVlcentepVl51Ta Ha 6aceillHa AO 120 m B lleHTshy
pallHVlTe My -laCTVI npVl cpeAHa CToillHOCT - 50 m 3a
HeR e xapaKTepHO CbBMeCTHOTO CbLLeCTBYBaHe Ha KVlCshy
1I0pOA VI cepOBOAopOA
T peTaTa aHaepo6Ha 30Ha 06XBaLUa BOAHaTa Maca Ha
6aceillHa OT AbA60-lVlHV1150-250 mAO AbHOTO (MaKCVIshy
MaAHa AbA60-lVlHa 2245 m) T 51 3aeMa 873 OT 06LUVl51
06eM Ha 6aceil1Ha HaCVlTeHa CbC cepoBoAopoA VI e cpaBshy
HVlTellHO nOCT051HHa nOpaAVl 3arpYAHeHara llVlpKYallVl51
Ha BOAHVlTe MacVI ETo 3aLUO B TOBa OTHoweHVle YepHO
Mope ce OlleH51Ba KaTO eAVlH npVlpOAHo06peMeHeH CbC
3aMbpc51BaLLVI BeLLeCTBa (cepoBOAopoA) 6aceil1H
Ha centOHa Ha Ta3V1 06peMeHeHOCT Ha 6aceil1Ha cepVlshy
03Hvl Vl3MeHeHVl51 HaCTbnBaT B HeroBaTa XVlApOAOrVl-lHa
VI XVlAPOXVlMVI-lHa CTpYKTypa VI pegtKVlM nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha
-lOBeWKaTa Aeil1HoCT T 51 ce Vl3pa351Ba B -lYBCTBVlTeIlHOshy
TO HaMaA51BaHe npVlTOKa Ha pe-lHVI BOAVI BClleACTBVle Ha
nOBceMeCTHOTO Vl3rpagt+ltoaHe Ha xVlApOTeXHVI-leCKVI Cbshy
OpbgtKeHVl51 no nOpe-lVl51Ta Ha -lepHOMOpCKVlTe peKVI VI
VlHTeH3V1BHOTO pa3BVl f Vle Ha nOIlVlBHOTO 3eMeAellVle B
pe3YTaT Ha TOBa ce Ha61110AaBa nOBVlwaBaHe Ha COshy
AeHOCTTa Ha BOAVlTe B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT Ha 6ashy
ceil1Ha C 0 2 0 CnopeA H51KOVI Vl311eAOBaTellVl nO-Hashy
TaTbWHOTO CbKpaLLaBaHe Ha pe-lHVl51 OTTOK MOgtKe Aa
AOBeAe AO YBeAVI-laBaHe COlleHocna C 2 0 caMO ClleA
H51 KOIIKO AeceTVllleTVl51 HecbMHeHo Ta3V1 Tpail1Ha TeHshy
AeHllVl51 LLe BHece cbU(ecTBeHVI Vl3MeHeHVl51 B CTPYKTYshy
para VI centYHKllVlOHVlpaHeTO Ha MopcKVlTe eKOCVlCTeMVI
nOA BIIVl51HVle Ha pe-lHVl51 onOK VI Ha CVlHOnTVI-lHaTa
06cTaHoBKa HaA 6aceC1Ha BCAeAcTBVle Ha reorpacentCKOshy
TO My nOIlOgtKeHVle B Hero ce centopMVlpaT nOBbpXHOCTHVI
KBa3 V1cTallVlOHapHVI Te-leHVl51 (centVlr 3) 3a aKBaTopVl51Ta
Ha 6bMapcKVl51 ceKTop OT rAeAHa TO-lKa Ha 3aMbpc51shy
BaHeTO TBbpAe roll51Ma e pOIl51Ta Ha 3anaAHVl5111VlKAOshy
HaAeH BVlXbP VI no-TO-lHO Ha Ta3V1 Herosa -laCT K051TO e
Vl3BeCTHa KaTO K)gtKHO (DI1BOIICKO PYMeIlVlil1cKo) Te-leshy
HVle OCHoBHa npVl-l VlHa 3a HerosoTo 3apagt+ltoaHe ca pe-lshy
HVlTe BOAVI KOVITO nOCTbnsaT B ceBep03anaAHaTa -laCT
Ha 6aceillHa 06eMbT Ha KOVITO CbCTaBII51Ba OKOIIO 75 OT cYMapHVlI1 roAVlweH pe-leH onOK
B rpaHVlllVlTe Ha HaWVlI1 ceKTOp Ha YepHO Mope K)gtKshy
HOTO Te-leHVle HaBIIVl3a CbC CKOPOCT 7 - 8 kmh a cpeAshy
HaTa e 3-5 km h nOA BAVIR HVleTO Ha KOHcentVlrypallVl51Ta
Ha 6pera VI CVlHOnTVI-lHVlTe YCIIOBVl51 ce 06pa3ysaT ABa
UVlKIIOHallHVI BVlXbpa C pa3MepVl 20-40 k m s pail10Ha Ha
H KallVlaKpa - BapHa VI s AbIl60KoBp513aHVlI1 B cywaTa
6ypracKVI 3allVlB (centVlr 4) Ha pa3cT051HVle 1-3 km OT
6pera ce centopMVlpa npoTVlBOTe-leHVle C nOCOKa or lor Ha
ceBep Haill-A06pe Vl3pa3eHo MegtKAY YCTVleTo Ha p Peshy
30BCKa VI C030noll H EMVlHe H rallaTa VI cesepHo OT
H KaAVlaKpa B OTAellHVI cIIY-laVl s 3aSVlCVlMOCT OT KOHshy
KpeTHaTa x VlApoMeTeopOIIOrVl-lHa 06cTaHosKa Sb3HVlKshy
BaT VI aHTVlUVlKIIOHaAHVI SVlXPVl B lleHTpaAHaTa -laCT Kbshy
9
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AeTO CTaSa nOTbSaHe Ha nOSbpXHOCTHIt1Te SOAIt1
nplt1 TaKa OyepTaHaTa cxeMa Ha TeyeHIt1RTa He e TpYAshy
HO Aa ce SIt1AIt1 ye S cpaSHeHlt1e C OCTaHaAlt1Te ceKTopvl Ha
LJepHo MOpe 6birapCKOTO MOPCKO npoCTpaHCTSO e nOAshy
AOgtKeHO Ha Ha~HOARM It1 nOCTORHeH aHTponoreHeH YAap
npORSRSal1 ce KocseHO Ype3 nOSIt1WeHIt1Te KOHueHTpashy
UIt1It1 Ha 3aMbpCRSal11t1 seLWeCTsa OT URAa CpeAHa It1 V13shy
TOYHa Espona HOCeHIt1 OT IOgtKHOTO TeyeHlt1e
EKOiOrVlYHVI acneKTVI Ha TaHKepHVl51 npeB03 Ha KaCnVlIl1CKVI HecpT npe3 LJepHo Mope
KaKTO CTasa RCHO OT 1t13AOgtKeHaTa no-rope XpOHOshy
AOrIt1R npe3 nOCAeAHIt1Te roAIt1HIt1 TSbpAe MHOro MaCTIt1shy
AO ce 1t13nlt1Ca 3a npoeKTa 5yprac - AAeKcaHAPynoshy
AV1C npeASV1gtKAaLW npeXSbpM1HeTO Ha HecentT OT CpeAshy
Ha A3V1R It1 KaCnIt1I11CKV1R 6aCell1H 3a IOgtKHa Espona It1
Hall1-SeYe 3a MRCTOTO Ha 5bArapV1R S Hero
HapeA C reonOAV1TV1yeCKV1Te V1 V1KOHOMlt1yeCKV1Te acshy
neKTV1 Ha T03V1 npoeKT HeCbMHeHO Hall1-SagtKHV1RT e eKOshy
AOrV1YHV1flT nO-AOAY aKueHTbT e SbPXY eKOAOrV1YHIt1Te
aCneKTIt1 caMO Ha TaHKepHIt1R npeS03 no OTce4KaTa Hoshy
SOPOCIt1I11CK - 5yprac
3a Aa ce OCb3Hae S AbA60YV1Ha cepV103HOCTTa Ha
eKOAOrV1YHV1R PV1CK OT TpaHCnOpTlt1paHeTO Ha HecentT Ype3
TaHKepV1 ce HaAara MaKap It1 CbsceM HaKpaTKO Aa ce
aHaAV13V1pa aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepHV1R centAOT It1 3aMbpshy
CflsaHeTO Ha CseTOSHV1R OKeaH
EAIt1HOAYWHO e MHeHlt1eTO Ha cneUV1aAIt1CTV1Te ye OT
SCV1YKIt1 SIt1Aose 3aMbpCRsaHe Ha aKsaTopV1RTa Ha Cseshy
TOSHIt1R OKeaH nOHaCTORLWeM HecentTeHOTO e npIt1A06V1AO
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HOTO HO It1 C Hall1-Tpall1HV11t1 onaCHV1 nOCAeAIt1UIt1 3a MOpshy
CKaTa cpeAa V1 Kpall16pegtKHIt1Te eKOCV1CTeMV1
Hall1-06LWO Cbl1eCTsysaT Asa TV1na HecentTeHO 3aMbpshy
CRsaHe XpOHV1YHO V1 asapV1I11HO nbpSV1RT Tlt1n ce OCbshy
LWeCTSRsa nOCTORHHO S TeyeHlt1e Ha AbAbr rlepIt10A HO
CbC CpaSHIt1TeAHO HV1CKV1 KOHueHTpauV1V1 Vl3TOYHIt1UV1
Ha Tosa 3aMbpCRsaHe ca CTonaHCKaTa Aell1HOCT Ha YOshy
seKa Ha KOHTV1HeHTV1Te It1 S OKeaHV1Te KaKTO V1 eCTeCTshy
seHOTO npOHIt1KSaHe Ha HecentT no TeKTOHCKV1 Hapyweshy
HV1R Ha OKeaHCKOTO (MOpCKO) AbHO 06l1OTO rOAIt1 WHO
KOAV1yeCTSO Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTV1 nOCTbnsaLWO S
CSeTOSHIt1R OKeaH e 13-14 MAH t OT KOV1TO 4-5 MAH t ca OT aHTponoreHeH npoV13xoA To e MHOro no-roARMO
OT Tosa SCAeACTSV1e Ha asapV1V1 C TaHKeplt1 Ho V1MeHHO
aSaplt1111HIt1Te pa3AV1sV1 Ha HecentT HaHaCRT Ha MopcKaTa
cpeAa Hall1-rOAeMV1 eKOAOrV1YHIt1 nOpagtKeHV1R Tbll1 KaTO
It1MaT 3aAnos xapaKTep KOIl1TO V13KAIoYsa Sb3MOgtKshy
HOCTTa 3a 6bp3a aAamaUlt1fl Ha npV1poAHaTa cpeAa OT
nOpa3eHIt1TeOKeaHCKIt1(MopCKIt1)npocTpaHcTsaHeHa
nOCAeAHO MRCTO e ye 3aAnosV1RT pa3AV1s S 3HaYV1shy
TeiHa CTeneH OrpaHlt1yaSa Sb3MOgtKHOCTTa 3a 6bp3a
peaKUIt1R no HerOSOTO OrpaHlt1yaSaHe
iEOiPActJVl71 10
3aAacepa36epaTnOpagtKeHIt1RTaHaHecentTaSbpxy
Mo pcKaTa cpeAa TpR6sa Aa ce 3HaRT HRKOV1 HerosV1
oc06eHoCTIt1 YCTaHOSeHO e ye 1 TOH pa3MlT cypos HecentT
nOKpV1sa nAOl1OTOKOAO 12 km2 HeeTpYAHoAace npecshy
MeTHe ye npV1 asapV1R Ha eAV1H TaHKep C TosapoHocV1shy
MOCT 100 XV1A t 3acTpaweHaTa nAOLW OT 3aMbpcRsaHe
LWe sb3Ae3e Ha OKOAO 12 MAH km2 ecHo AeTAIt1SIt1Te
KOMnOHeHTV1 Ha CypOSV1R HecentT KOIt1TO ca OT 20 AO 50 OT CbCTasa My ce 1t13napRSaT TSbpAe V1HTeH3It1SHO npV1
Tosa HecentTbT OTAasa SaTMoccentepaTa AO 50 AIt13eAOSOshy
TO ropV1BO AO 75 a Ma3YTbT - AO 10 OT CSOV1Te KOMshy
nOHeHTV1 3a Aa ce 1t13nap51T AeKV1Te centpaKUV1V1 Ha HecentTa
ca HygtKHV1 He nO-MaAKO OT 12 lIaca B CbLWOTO speMe
npOTV1ya npouec Ha KoarYAaUV1R Ha CyposV1R HecentT KaTO
ce 06pa3ysaT Tpall1HIt1 arperaTV1 EAHa yaCT OT HIX ce
OTAaraT Ha MOPCKOTO AbHO S pall10Ha Ha pa3AV1sa a APYshy
raTa - no-rOM1Ma yaCT - ce npeHaCR Ha rOAeMIt1 pa3CTOshy
flHV1R Do 5 OT HecentTa 06pa3ysa eMYACV1R nOA centopMashy
Ta Ha TbHbK CAOIl1 (ult1na) Ha MopCKaTa nOSbpXHOCT V13shy
seCTeH Ol1e KaTO HecentTeH centIIAM no T031t1 HaYV1H TO 111
Hapywasa HopMaAHV1R ra30S 06MeH Me~y aTMoccenteshy
paTa V1 XV1ApoccentepaTa - 06CTORTeACTSO KoeTO S Kpall1shy
Ha CMeTKa SOAV1 AO rlt16eA Ha MopCKaTa centaYHa V1 centAopa
Te AO YHIt1l1OgtKaSaHeTO Ha ueAV1 eKOCV1CTeMIt1
CTaTV1CTV1KaTa COYV1 ye OKOAO 50 OT rOAV1WHIt1R
cseToseH A06V1S Ha HecentT Sb3AV13al1 Ha OKOAO 35
MApA t ce TpaHcnopTV1pa no Mop e Vl3nOA3saHeTO Ha
TaHKepV1 3a npeS03 Ha HecentT V1 HecentTonpOAYKTIt1 e CSbPshy
3aHO C WARM eKOAOrlt1yeH pV1CK n o AaHHV1 Ha MegtKAYshy
HapOAHaTa centeAepaUV1R Ha co6CTSeHV1UIt1Te Ha TaHKeshy
pV1 (ITOF) sceKV150-TV1 pell1c e asapV1eH CpeA no-sagtKshy
HV1Te nplt1YV1HIt1 3a aSaplt1l11HOCTTa Ha TaHKepV1Te Ta31t1
opraHV13aUV1RnOCOYSa He6AarOnpIt1RTHV1 XV1APOMeTeshy
0pOAOrIt1YHIt1 YCAOSV1R (26 ) nOgtKapV1 V1 S3pV1sose (25
) 3aAV1saHe (20 ) 3aCRAaHe S nAV1TY V1HV1 (15 ) C6AbcKsaHvlR (45 ) nospeAV1 Ha ASV1raTeAV1 SV1HTOshy
se saAose (6 ) V1 Ap V13cAeAsaHV1RTa COyaT lie Ha
sceKV11 MAH t npes03eH HecentT OT TaHKepV1Te ce pa3shy
AV1sa OKOAO 160 m3 OT TRX 40 AO 70 m3 ce pa3AV1saT S
aKsaTopV1RTa Ha nplt1eMal1OTO npV1CTaHIt1l1e
HeKa CVl np1l1nOMHVlM HRK01l1 OT Haill-rOAeMVlTe KaTacshyTPOltjl1l1 c TaHKepVl
bull npe3 1967 r cynepTaHKepbT Top1l1 KaHboH ce pa36V1Ba Kpaill 6peroBeTe Ha AHrA1I1H B npOiVlBa Ia MaHw B MopeTo ce pa3i1I1BaT 117 X1I1A t CypOB Heltjn HeltjneshyH1I1RT pa3i1I1B 3aCR ra Kpail16pegtKVlRTa KaKTO Ha AHriVlR TaKa 111 Ha CDpaHLVlH
bull npe311eKeMBpVl1972 r B OMaHcKVlR 3aiVlB Kopa6bT C1I1 CTap ce C6ibCKBa c 6pa3111 iC K1I1R TaHKep XopTa 5ap6apoca 111 ce B3p1l1BRBa KOiVl4eCTBOTO pa3iRT Heqn e 115 XiI1i t
bull Ha 2402 1974 r Ha OKOiO 600 km 3anallHO OT OXOHOiyiy (T1I1 x 1I1 oKeaH) TaHKepbT XaBaillbH neTpil1shybT ce 3anaiBa 11 B3pil1 BH Ba Pa3iVlBaT ce 80 XiI1i t cyshypOB HecpT
_ _____ _ _ _w_w__g_e_o_g_r3_p_hy_i_i t_b_3_S_b_g 0-10_rEOidt~---------------5--2shy
bull Ha 16031978 r cynepTaHKepbT AMOKO Kanlt1c
nAaBall non AIt16eplt1l-1CKIt1 ltjlAar 18 MIt1H CAeu nOAYHOll B
EiIt1CKal-1CKlt1fl 3aAIt1B ce pa361t1Ba B Kpal-16pegtKHIt1Te CKaAIt1
OT npeYyneHlt1fl TaHKep 220 XIt1A t CypOB HeltjlT ce pa3AIt1shy
BaT B MopeTO KOl-1TO 3a KpaTKO BpeMe UOCTlt1ra 6peroBeshy
Te Ha CJ)paHLllt1fl llleTIt1Te OT KaTacTpoltjlaTa ca OLleHeHIt1
Ha OKOAO 150 MAH nOAapa 6e3 na ce OTYIt1TaT nopagtKeshy
Hlt1flTa BbPXY MOpCKIt1Te It1 Kpal-16pegtKHIt1 eKOCIt1CTeMIt1
bull npe3 HOeMBplt11 9 81 r s KYPWCKlt1fl 3aAIt1S Ha nplt1cshy
TaHIt1lle KAanel-1ua (EiaATIt1l-1CKO Mope) OT pa3pyweHIt1fl
Kopnyc Ha TaHKepa I A06e ACIt1MIt1 ce 1t13AIt1SaT OKOAO
17 XIt1A t Ma3YT It1 nlt1 3eAOBO roplt1BO LJeTlt1plt1 MeceLla CAeu
aBaplt1flTa CbnbpgtKaHlt1eTO Ha HeltjlTonponYKTIt1Te B MOpshy
CK a Ta Boua npeBIt1WaBa OT 5 AO 10 nbTlt1 ltjlOHOBIt1Te
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AltjlpIt1Ka) It1CnaHCKlt1flT cynepTaHKep KaCTIt1AbO ne EieABep
OKOAO 2 yaca CAeu nOAYHOll c e B3plt1BflSa OT aKyMyAlt1paH
It1HepTeH ra3 B TaHKOBeTe B pe3YATaT Ha TOBa 250 XIt1A t cypos HeltjlT ce pa3AIt1Ba B MopeTo CaMo 22 MIt1Hynl CAen
aBaplt1flTa HeltjlTeHoTO neTHO ce pa3CTIt1Aa Ha nAoLLl OT 60
km2 llleTIt1Te ca OLleHeHIt1 Ha OKOAO 300 MAH AOAapa
bull Ha 24 03 1989 r 40 MIt1HyTIt1 CAen nOAYHOll cynepshy
TaHKepbT EK COH BaAuec MaAKO CAeA 3apegtKnaHeTO
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nou naHaMCKIt1 ltjlAar HaTOBapeH C 257 XIt1A TOHa CypOB
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km2OT aKBaTOpV1gt1Ta Ha MeKcV1KaHCKV1gt13MV1B B pe3YflTaT
OT eKCnA031~gtlTa Ha COH[(agtKHaTa nAaTltpopMa )]vHitnYOTbp
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nO)JVl3nbflHVlT8f1 Ha HeltpT8HV1gt1 rV1raHT BP
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n pe)JBV1gtKDa THap np08KT 6yprac - AfleKCaH[(PynOflV1C
nbpSO -Ie rflaBHV1gt1T Tosap8H T8pMV1Hafl W8 6b)J8
nOCTp08HV1gt1TOT KacnV1V1cKgtI Tpb60npoBo)J8H KOHCOPshy
WI~YM (KTK) V1 )JeVlcTsaw OT 2001 r T8pMVlHafl togtKHagtl
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V1 3rpa)J8HVl OT)JeflHV1 TepMV1HMVl B aKBaTOpV1gt1Ta Ha 6ypshy
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11
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
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(Jur 4 CxeMa Ha MopcKiIITe Te4eHiII51 npeA 6b11rapCKiII51 6p51r Fug 4 Diagram of the sea currents close to the Bulgarian shore
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12
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The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12
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~5_2_0_10_____________________________ I ______________ b~a~s~b~g~rE()~j~~~ ~~~ ~W~~~v~~ge~o~g~r~ap~h~y~I~middotit~
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- Hatlt-CeTHe 3alllOTO caMO e)]V1H HecentTeH pa3AV1B OT asapV1flTa Ha cynepTaHKep )]Oplt1 CAe)] 5 10 V1AV115 roshy)]V1HV1 03HaLiasa V1CTIt1HCKa rV16eA Ha e)]Ba y)]bpgtKalllV1Te ce MOPCKIt1 eKOCV1CTeMV1 - )]a He rosopV1M 3a nOpagtKeHIt1shyflTa SbPXy Kpatlt6pegtKHV1Te eKOCIt1CTeMV1 V1 pecypcV1 KOshyV1TO ca S OCHOBaTa Ha MOPCKV1R TypV13bM
5bMapV1R e Hatlt-MaAKO V1KOHOMV1L1eCKV13aV1HTepeshyCOBaHa OT TaHKepHV1R npeB03 3aLl10TO TR KaKTO e )]06shype 1t1 3SeCTHO He pa3nOAara C TaHKepeH CPAOT no)]xoshy)]flLl13a TaKosa MaLl1a6HO npeXSbPARHe Ha HecpT 3aTOshyBa nbK rbPllV1R pa3nOAara C TaKbS V1 e Hatlt-CV1AHO 3aV1HshyTepecosaHa OT npoeKTa 6yprac - AAeKcaHJ]pynoAV1C 3a PYCV1fl nbK peaAV13allV1flTa Ha T03V1 npoeKT V1Ma reshyOCTpaTV1rV1L1eCKO 3Ha4eHV1eTbtlt KaTO Llpe3 Hero TR pa3shyWV1pRBa na3apHV1R CV1 )]RA BEsponetltcKV1R Cb103
The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12
~5_2_0_10_____________________________ I ______________ b~a~s~b~g~rE()~j~~~ ~~~ ~W~~~v~~ge~o~g~r~ap~h~y~I~middotit~
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5bMapV1R e Hatlt-MaAKO V1KOHOMV1L1eCKV13aV1HTepeshyCOBaHa OT TaHKepHV1R npeB03 3aLl10TO TR KaKTO e )]06shype 1t1 3SeCTHO He pa3nOAara C TaHKepeH CPAOT no)]xoshy)]flLl13a TaKosa MaLl1a6HO npeXSbPARHe Ha HecpT 3aTOshyBa nbK rbPllV1R pa3nOAara C TaKbS V1 e Hatlt-CV1AHO 3aV1HshyTepecosaHa OT npoeKTa 6yprac - AAeKcaHJ]pynoAV1C 3a PYCV1fl nbK peaAV13allV1flTa Ha T03V1 npoeKT V1Ma reshyOCTpaTV1rV1L1eCKO 3Ha4eHV1eTbtlt KaTO Llpe3 Hero TR pa3shyWV1pRBa na3apHV1R CV1 )]RA BEsponetltcKV1R Cb103
The project NovorossiiskshyBurgas-Alexandropulis juggling on the verge of the ecological razor
Prof T Krasstev DSc Bishop Konstantin Preslavski University of Shu men
Summary
The Burgas-Alexandropulis pipe-line is a problem of a great importance for the Bulgaria economy and policy But the author directs attention to the ecologishycal problems of Black sea In public discussions the fact that the oil will be supplied by sea by tankers from Novorossiisk is often omitted Based on this project chronology a conclusion has been drawn that securing this provision the ecological risk for the Black sea has not been discussed and there is no report about the marine environmental impact The oil tanker transporshytation risks have been considered on the background of the analysis of the Black sea features taking into account that this sea is the biggest meromictic sea basin in the World The main ecological aspects have been discussed and based on that the Bulgarian interests in using tanker transportation through the Black sea have been evaluated
rEorPACDV151 12