1

Overview of Digital Relays

ISO Training

John S. Levine, P.E.

Levine Lectronics & Lectric

John@L-3.com

www.L-3.com

2

ISO Training July 22, 2008Outline

• Introduction

• Overview of Digital Relays

• Tools• Enervista Launchpad

• PowerPoint presentations at

• GE Digital Relays

• Protection Basics

• SR489

• GE Multilin G30 Training

• Post Glover NGR Training

• ANSI Symbols handout

• Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic sheet

• GE Multilin Training CD’s

3

Trends

• 75% of Installed Base of Relays are Electromechanical

• 90% of New Relays Purchased are Digital/Electronic

• Lingering Issue of “Putting All Eggs In One Basket”– “No Backup”

– “Like to See Disk Move”

– Solve with Backup (such as DIAC as backup to SR760 or F60)

– Gain Excellent Accuracy and No Setting Drift

• Manufacturers have Created Relay Families, thus reducing maintenance, O&M costs and training.

4

Microprocessor-Relay Benefits

• Multi-Function Protection Cost Effectiveness

• Configurable/Programmable Logic– User Configurable Time Current Curves

• Self-Testing of Relay’s Algorithms with Alarm Contact– Reduce Periodic Testing

» Every 1-2 years for Electromechanical

» Every 5-10 years for Digital (or More!)

• Improved System Data– Fault Location & Reporting - Waveform Capturing

– Internal Operation Data - Metering

– Breaker Health Monitoring - Demand Interval Records

– Sequence of Event Reporting

5

Microprocessor-Relay Benefits

• Flexible Settings– Multiple Setting Levels

• Communication Capabilities– Local via Keypad

– Remote via Computer and Modem

– Networks can be created

• Reduced Panel Space & Wiring– Compact Packaging

– Tested at Factory

– Eliminate Component Panel Metering

6

Digital Relays - Areas Of Use

• Distribution Feeder Protection

• Reclosing

• Down Conductor Detection

• Breaker Failure Protection

• Generator Protection

• Transmission Line Protection

• Transformer Protection

• Bus Protection

• Motor Protection

7

OLD

NEW

8

Programmability

• Digital Relays Have:– Programmable Inputs

– Programmable Outputs (ALARM & TRIP)

– Programmable Logic

» Boolean Logic - AND, OR, NOT Logic

– Programmable Time Current Curves

9

Waveform Capturing Including Bar Plotting of Unit Operation

10

Metering

• 0.25 - 5% Accuracy on I & V

• Typical Values

• Can Be Accessed Locally or Remotely

• Some Relays Have Analog Outputs Proportional to Metering Values (i.e. 0-1mA)

•Current

•Voltage

•Watts, Vars, PF

•Frequency

•kWh, kVarh

•Phase Angles

• Min & Max Values with Date & Time Stamp

• Harmonic Values of I

• Symmetrical Components

• Operation Counters

• Breaker Position

11

Metering

12

Other Monitoring

• Breaker Health Monitoring– Cumulative I2T or IT

– Activate Alarm At Set Level

• Demand Interval Reporting– 15, 30, 60 Minute Intervals over Several Days

– I, Watts, Vars, VA, PF

• Peak Values Recorded– Date & Time Stamped

• Trip & Close Coil Monitor

• Fault Location & Fault Reporting

13

Sequence Of Events Recording

• Events Stored with Date & Time:– Alarms

– Contact Operations

– Logins & Logouts

– Waveform Captures

– Remote Operations

– Resets

– Setting Changes

• Last 100-1000 Events Stored

14

Settings

• Easier Than Electromechanical/Static

• Flexible settings

• Relays Have Multiple Setting Groups– Can be Switched with Input Contacts or Remotely

• Settings Are Stored in Files and Down Loaded to Relay with PC

• Easy to Copy Existing Setting Files and Modify

• Accurate Implementation of Settings– No Overtravel

– No Large Drifts in Set Points

• Selection of Reset Times– Fast (Digital) or Slow (Electromechanical)

15

Local Communications

• Thru Keypad, Up, Down Arrows, Enter/Select Keys or RS232 Port on Relay

• Local LED Display

• Reset Key/Button

• LED Targets

• Password Protection

ENTERUPDN

Phase TOC1 OP

Phase A

Phase B

Alarm

Phase C

87

16

Communications

17

Remote Communications

• Thru Rear RS232 or RS485 Port Using Standard Modem Software or Relay Manufacturer’s Communication Software

• Password Protection

• 10Mbps Ethernet Connections - Wire or Fiber

• Multiple Protocol Support (DNP3.0, Modbus RTU, Devicenet, Profibus, and IEC 61850)

RELAYModem

Modem

DSL orTelephone

18

Substation Communications - LAN & WANSubstation Communications - LAN & WAN

19

Communications

20

Memory Map Example

Group Address Description

Current 0300 Phase A Current

0301 Phase B Current

0302 Phase C Current

030D Phase A Differential

030E Phase B Differential

030F Phase C Differential

21

Available Control by Digital Relaysvia Communications & Protocols

• Reset Data– Min/Max, Demand, etc.

• Reset Targets

• Operate Output Contacts

• Trip & Close

• Trigger Waveform Capture

• Set Date & Time

• Force Input Contact Operation

• Block Relay Functions

• Perform Setting Changes

22

Maintenance Benefits

• Self-Test Capabilities

• Remote Communications

• Easy Setting Changes

• One Model Could Be Used for Several Applications

• No Setting Drift of Digital Relay

• Reduced Wiring

• Flash Memory– Upgradeable Firmware

23

Today’s Feeder and Transformer Digital Relays

24

DIAC,DIFC,DSFC Single Phase Overcurrent Protection

• Digital Overcurrent Relay Platform w/ True RMS Overcurrent Measurement (50/51)

• Replace IAC, IFC and SFC relays. . . – Self Powered (no DC Battery Required)

– Same case size, no metal modifications

– Simply add surge ground lead

• User Selection of 16 curve characteristics– Exact Duplication of IAC51, IAC53 & IAC77 Characteristics

• Instantaneous Overcurrent Delay Setting

• Reset Characteristic Selection (Fast or E/M)

• Draw-out Case with Test Facilities

• Retrofit existing IAC, IFC and SFC Cases

• Very Low Burden (1.8VA)

• No Communications

25

SR760 - Feeder Protection

• 16 Samples/Cycle

• 3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent Protection

• Programmable Time Current Curves

• Over/Under Voltage

• Over/Under Frequency

• Synch Check

• 4 Shot Reclosing

• Fault Location

• 4 Setting Groups

• Analog Outputs/Input (8/1)

• Metering I, V, W, Var, VA, PF, Hz, Wh, Varh

• Waveform Capturing

• RS485 Communications

• DNP3.0 and Modbus RTU Protocols

• Flash Memory for Upgrades

• Drawout Construction

• Programmable Display

• Simulation Test Mode

• IRIG-B Time Sync

26

SR489 Generator Management Relay

Product Overview• Ideal Protection for Induction and Synchronous

Generators at 25, 50 and 60Hz

• Complete Generator Protection including:» Generator Stator Differential» 2 Zone Distance Backup» 100% Stator Ground

• High speed sampling, 12 samples per cycle

• Drawout Case Installation

• Powerful Fault Recording: Waveform, Sequence of Events

• Ethernet and Serial Communications

• EnerVista Suite of Software supported

• Metering of all important parameters

27

SR489 Protection Functions

Protection Functions Include:

• Generator Stator Differential• Backup Distance Protection• 100% Stator Ground• Generator Unbalance• Loss of Excitation• Accidental Energization• Breaker Fail • Phase Overcurrent – Voltage Restraint• Neutral Inst. / Timed Overcurrent• Neg. Sequence Overcurrent• Under / Over Voltage• Under / Over Frequency• Generator Thermal Model• RTD Temperature• Overexcitation – Volts/Hertz

28

SR745 - Transformer Protection

• 64 Samples/Cycle

• 3 Phase Differential Protection

• 3 Phase & Ground Overcurrent per Winding

• Adaptive Time Overcurrent

• Programmable Time Current Curves

• Loss of Life Monitoring (Opt.)

• 4 Setting Groups

• Harmonic Analysis (up to 25st)

• Angle & Zero Sequence Compensation

• Analog Outputs/Input (Opt.)

• 2 & 3 Winding Models

• Configurable Logic

• Waveform Capturing & Playback

• Simulation Test Mode

• Flash Memory for Upgrades

• RS485 Communications

• Modbus RTU and DNP3.0 Protocols

• Programmable Display

• Dynamic CT Ratio Correction

• IRIG-B Time Sync

Transformer ManagementRelay SR745

29

•L60 (Transmission Line: Phase Comparison) L60 (Transmission Line: Phase Comparison) •L90 (Transmission Line: Current Differential) L90 (Transmission Line: Current Differential) •D30, D60, abd D90 (Transmission Line: Distance) D30, D60, abd D90 (Transmission Line: Distance) •B30 and B90 (Busbar: 6 to 24 Feeder)B30 and B90 (Busbar: 6 to 24 Feeder)

TRANSMISSION

•F35 (Feeder: Multiple Feeders - Basic Protection) F35 (Feeder: Multiple Feeders - Basic Protection) •F60 (Feeder: Comprehensive w Hi-Z) F60 (Feeder: Comprehensive w Hi-Z) •T60 (Transformer: Comprehensive) T60 (Transformer: Comprehensive) •C30 (Control IED) C30 (Control IED) •C60 (Breaker Management IEDC60 (Breaker Management IED)

DISTRIBUTION

The UR Family - One Common Architecture

•G30 and G60 (Generator: Comprehensive)G30 and G60 (Generator: Comprehensive)•T60 and T35 (Transformer: Basic up to 6 T60 and T35 (Transformer: Basic up to 6 Windings)Windings)•B30 and B90 (Busbar: Comprehensive up to 24 B30 and B90 (Busbar: Comprehensive up to 24 Feeders)Feeders)•M60 (Motor)M60 (Motor)

GENERATION / MOTOR

““The Engine for Substation / The Engine for Substation / Plant Automation”Plant Automation”

30

Modular Hardware FamilyModular Hardware Family

31

19’’ Chassis19’’ Chassis(4RU high)(4RU high)

or or Vertical UnitVertical Unit

Physical RealizationPhysical Realization

Pow

er S

uppl

yP

ower

Sup

ply

CP

UC

PU

Mai

n P

roce

ssor

Mai

n P

roce

ssor

DSP

& M

agne

tics

DSP

& M

agne

tics

DSP

pro

cess

or +

CT

/VT

sD

SP p

roce

ssor

+ C

T/V

Ts

DIG

ITA

L I

/OD

IGIT

AL

I/O

Stat

us I

npu

ts /

Con

trol

Out

puts

Stat

us I

npu

ts /

Con

trol

Out

puts

AN

AL

OG

I/O

AN

AL

OG

I/O

Ana

log

Tra

nsdu

cer

I/O

Ana

log

Tra

nsdu

cer

I/O

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

NS

CO

MM

UN

ICA

TIO

NS

ModularModularHMIHMI

(Hinged & Removeable)(Hinged & Removeable)

High-Speed Data BusHigh-Speed Data Bus

ModulesModules

34

‘‘Upgradeability’/ServiceabilityUpgradeability’/Serviceability

CT Shorting‘Clips’

Field Wiring Undisturbed

ModuleKeying

‘‘Plug n Play’Plug n Play’

Easy ModuleDraw-out

CPU AutomaticallyRecognizes New Hardware upon

Initialization

35

VT1

27P

W

50/51

CT4

81

W

50/51

CT3

81

W

50/51

CT2

81

W

50/51

CT1

81

W

50/51

81

CT5

51WVT1

27P

W

50/51

CT4

81

W

50/51

CT3

81

W

50/51

CT2

81

W

50/51

CT1

81

W

50/51

81

CT5

51W

Example: Example: Busbar with 5 FeedersBusbar with 5 Feeders

79 797979 79

36

CT1

VT1

CT2

CT3

CT4

CT5

Example: Example: Inputs in to UR RelayInputs in to UR Relay

50-Inst, 51-Time, 81-Freq, 79- Reclose 37

VT1

VV

II

I

VI

II

V

CT1

CT2

VI

II

V

CT3

50/51 81

VI

II

V

Source #1

Physical 3-phaseI &V Inputs

CT1

Conf

igur

e So

urce

s(d

one

via

setti

ngs)

CT4

VI

II

V

CT5

VT1

VI

II

V

CT2

VT1

CT3

VT1

CT4

VT1

CT5

VT1

W

CT1..CT5VT1

50/51 81Source #2

W

50/51 81Source #3

W

50/51 81Source #4

W

50/51 81Source #5

W

51 27PSource #6

W

VT1

VV

II

I

VI

II

V

CT1

CT2

VI

II

V

CT3

50/51 81

VI

II

V

Source #1

Physical 3-phaseI &V Inputs

CT1

Conf

igur

e So

urce

s(d

one

via

setti

ngs)

CT4

VI

II

V

CT5

VT1

VI

II

V

CT2

VT1

CT3

VT1

CT4

VT1

CT5

VT1

W

CT1..CT5VT1

50/51 81Source #2

W

50/51 81Source #3

W

50/51 81Source #4

W

50/51 81Source #5

W

51 27PSource #6

WUniversal Universal RelayRelay

Example: Example: UR Relay using SourcesUR Relay using Sources

79

79

79

79

79

38

F60 Feeder Protection

Single Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage

• Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent (51P, 51N, 51G)• Phase, Neutral & Ground Inst.Overcurrent (50P, 50N, 50G)• Negative Sequence Time Overcurrent (51_2)• Negative Sequence Inst.Overcurrent (50_2)• Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements• Phase, Neutral and Negative Sequence Directional Control• Phase Undervoltage & Overvoltage• Negative Sequence Overvoltage• Underfrequency (6 elements)• Overfrequency• 4 Shot Autoreclosing with Sequence Coordination• VT Fuse Failure• Programmable Fast & Slow Operations• Breaker Failure (50BF) • Synchrocheck (25)• Cold Load Pickup • Breaker Arcing Current (I2t)• Data Logger & Fault Location• Transducer I/O• FlexLogic with gates and timers• Programmable LED Panels • Metering• Harmonic Metering (up to 25th)• Oscillography• Event Recorder & Fault Records• Demand Recording• DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols• 8 Setting Groups• Down Conductor Detection (Optional)

39

5 Feeder Protection with Bus Voltage6 Feeder Protection w/o Bus Voltage

• Programmable LED Panels• (6) Phase TOC elements• (12) Phase IOC elements• (6) Neutral TOC elements• (12) Neutral IOC elements• (6) Ground TOC elements• (12) Ground IOC elements• (1) Phase Undervoltage element• (6) Underfrequency elements• (6) Autoreclosing elements• FlexLogic with gates and timers• Transducer I/O• Data Logger• Metering• Oscillography• Event Recorder• Demand Recording• DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols• 8 Setting Groups

F35 Multiple Feeder Protection

40

LED LED ProgrammabilityProgrammability

832739A 1.CD R

M ENU

HELP

ESCAPE

ENTER V A L U E

M E S S A G E 4

7

1

.

5

8

2

0

6

9

3

+/ -

G R O U P 8

G R O U P 7

G R O U P 6

G R O U P 5

G R O U P 4

G R O U P 3

G R O U P 2

G R O U P 1

S ET TIN G S IN U S E

T R O U B L E

C L O S E D

O P E N

B R EA K ER 2

T R O U B L E

C L O S E D

O P E N

B R EA K ER 1

G R O U P 8

G R O U P 7

G R O U P 6

G R O U P 5

G R O U P 4

G R O U P 3

G R O U P 2

G R O U P 1

S ET TIN G S IN U S E

P I C K U P

A L A R M

A R L O C K O U T

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R E N A B L E D

T R I P

B R E A K E R C L O S E D

B R E A K E R O P E N

FEE D E R 1

P I C K U P

A L A R M

A R L O C K O U T

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R E N A B L E D

T R I P

B R E A K E R C L O S E D

B R E A K E R O P E N

FEE D E R 2

P I C K U P

A L A R M

A R L O C K O U T

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R E N A B L E D

T R I P

B R E A K E R C L O S E D

B R E A K E R O P E N

FEE D E R 3

P I C K U P

A L A R M

A R L O C K O U T

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R E N A B L E D

T R I P

B R E A K E R C L O S E D

B R E A K E R O P E N

FEE D E R 4

P I C K U P

A L A R M

A R L O C K O U T

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R E N A B L E D

T R I P

B R E A K E R C L O S E D

B R E A K E R O P E N

FEE D E R 5

F35 M ULT IP L E FE E DE R M A N A GE M EN T R ELAY

P I C K U P

A L A R M

T R I P

T E S T M O D E

T R O U B L E

IN S E R V IC E

S TA T U S

U S E R 3

U S E R 2

U S E R 1

R E S E T

N E U T R A L / G R O U N D

P H A S E C

P H A S E B

P H A S E A

O T H E R

F R E Q U E N C Y

C U R R E N T

V O L TA G E

EV EN T C A U S E

G R O U P 8

G R O U P 7

G R O U P 6

G R O U P 5

G R O U P 4

G R O U P 3

G R O U P 2

G R O U P 1

S ET TIN G S IN U S E

T R O U B L E

C L O S E D

O P E N

B R EA K ER 2

T R O U B L E

C L O S E D

O P E N

B R EA K ER 1

G R O U P 8

G R O U P 7

G R O U P 6

G R O U P 5

G R O U P 4

G R O U P 3

G R O U P 2

G R O U P 1

S ET TIN G S IN U S E

P I C K U P

A L A R M

A R L O C K O U T

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R E N A B L E D

T R I P

B R E A K E R C L O S E D

B R E A K E R O P E N

FEE DE R 1

P I C K U P

A L A R M

A R L O C K O U T

A R IN P R O G R E S S

A R E N A B L E D

T R I P

B R E A K E R C L O S E D

B R E A K E R O P E N

FEE DE R 2

41

• Up to 4 Restraint Inputs• 2 & 3 Restraint with Three Phase Voltage Inputs• 4 Restraint without Voltage Inputs

• Dual Slope Percent Differential Protection (87T)• Harmonic Inhibit Feature• Overexitation Inhibit Feature

• Instantaneous Differential Element (50/87)• Overcurrent Protection Per Winding (50/51)

• Phase, Neutral & Ground Time Overcurrent• Phase, Neutral & Ground Inst.Overcurrent• Fast or EM Reset Characteristic for TOC Elements

• Phase Undervoltage • Phase Overvoltage• Phase & Neutral Directional OC• Volts/Hz• Restricted Ground Fault• RTD and dcmA Inputs Available• Underfrequency (6 elements)• Data Logger• FlexLogic with gates and timers• Programmable LED Panels • Metering per Winding (I, V, W, Var, VA, PF)• Harmonic Metering (up to 25th)• Differential and Restraint Currents• Oscillography & Event Recorder• Demand Recording• DNP, Modbus RTU & UCA Protocols• 8 Setting Groups

T60 Transformer Protection

42

UR ApplicationsUR Applications

Option 1

T60 - Transformer ProtectionF60 - Main Feeder ProtectionF35 - Backup Feeder Protection

43

UR ApplicationsUR Applications

Option 2

T60 - Transformer ProtectionF35 - Main Feeder ProtectionF35 - Backup Feeder Protection

44

Tools

45

• Windows based

• Access all:– Actual Values

– Setpoints

– Status

– Event records

• Oscillography

• Graphical trending

• Setpoint programming

• Setpoint files

• Download updated firmware to Flash memory

Free PC Software and Firmware

46

47

48

Enervista Launchpad: http://www.geindustrial.com/multilin/enervista/launchpad

/

49

50

51

Demo Relays at L-3

52

ANSI Symbols

53

Conversion of Electro-Mechanical to Electronic sheet

54

PowerPoint presentations at: http://l-3.com/private/levine/

55

GE Multilin Training CD’s

56

Thank You

Questions?