W650 Wind Generator Protection System
System Protection & Improved Operational Uptime
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Why W650?Protection to Provide Backup to Wind Turbine Controls & Excitation
Better Wind Farm Economics by Improving System Uptime & Time to Restoration• Address Lack of Wind Turbine & System Event
DiagnosticsDiagnostic in W650 can tell what happened, why, and when … to the mSec
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What is the W650?
Part of an Overall Protection System … but can be used as a stand alone protective device
Overlay to Existing Wind Turbine & Farm Control by Providing Unit Protection, Wind Farm System Protection, Unit, & System Diagnostics
Substation Protection Controller
W650 1 in Wind Turbine
W650 2 in Wind Turbine
W650 n in Wind Turbine
Windfarm Substation Protection Controller sends Trip and Block Commands to and From W650’s
W650’s can also send trip and block commands to each other
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Some Definitions …
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Definition of Larger Wind Farm System (Units > 1MW on a Coordinated Farm)
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Utility (e.g. 33kV)Tie Breaker
Step Up TransformerBus Breaker
Windfarm SubstationBus
Collector Feeder Breakers
Collector Bus
Transformer BreakerLine
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Definitions with Wind Turbine
WTG
GeneratorExcitation
Transformer
Wind Tower Breaker
Generator Output Voltage (e.g. - 575V or 3kV … depends on MW size of Generator)
Collector System Voltage (e.g. - 3kV or 13.8 … depends on MW size of Generator & Presence Transformer)
Wind Tower
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Sources of Faults
Inside the Wind Turbine• Tower Cable• Transformer Faults• Wiring Inside the Electrical
Distribution Panel• Wind Turbine Generator• Excitation System Fault
On the Wind Farm• Collector Bus Cable Fault• Step Up Transformer• Substation Bus Structure
Fault• Feeder Fault Impact on
Stability
External to the Wind Farm• Voltage Stability• Reverse Power Flow
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How Faults Manifest Themselves
Inside the Wind Turbine• IOC, TOC, Ground Fault
On the Wind Farm• Voltage/Current Unbalance
External to the Wind Farm
•IOC, TOC, Voltage Stability
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Subjects for Discussion … Gaps Today
1. No backup Protection in Wind Turbines/Towers … Need for a System Wide Protective Application apart from Control
2. Lack of Coordinated Event Record & Oscillography make it Difficult to Determine What Happened & When, resulting in Prolonged Time to Return to Service
3. Lack of Overall Coordinated Wind Farm System Protection can result in Lack of Operational Selectivity and Reduced System Uptime
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2005
What does the W650 do ?
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2005
W650 Wind Turbine Protection CapabilitiesW650 for Protection, Metering, and Coordination to Upstream Substation ProtectionCommunications to GE Wind Turbine Controller via CANopen protocol
•Available Protection –Under/overvoltage, Under/overfrequency, voltage unbalance, directional over-current, zero sequence overvoltage, aux voltage, and breaker failure
Configurable Display & LED’s
Keypad & ShuttleFront Port Upload & Download
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2005
W650 Hardware Construction
The W650 features advantage such as:• Modular hardware architecture:
Main CPU board with two plug and play comm boardsUniversal magnetic (CTs & VTs) moduleProgrammable I/O moduleSingle or redundant power supplyFront board: HMI ( Graphical or alphanumerical display, LEDs, RS232)
• Modern and open communication protocols for easy integration
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W650 Wind Turbine Protection (con’t)• Metering – current (+/- 0.5%),
voltage (+/- 1%), power(+/-1%), energy (1%), power factor (0.02)
• Event capture – up to 479 events time stamped to 1mSec
• Oscillography – Up to 20 oscillography files programmable from 4-64 samples/cycle, 1MB of data, analog and digital signals. Retrievable via front panel or system communications.
• Monitoring – 4x20 character display … optional graphic display …
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2005
W650 Wind Turbine Protection (con’t)
•Control – programmable unit control
•Communications – IEC61850 communications to peer W650’s and Substation Protection Relays
Substation Protection Controller
W650 1 in Wind Turbine
W650 2 in Wind Turbine
W650 n in Wind Turbine
IEC61850 Communications Protocol Uses Ethernet to Send Block and Trip Commands from WTG Relays to Substation Controller as well as via Peer to Peer
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W650 Wiring
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How does the W650 Integrate into the Entire Wind Farm?
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Examples of Wind Farm Protection Requirements
1. Open Collector Breakers Upon Fault in Cable to Host Utility
– All Wind Turbines, Selective, or Entire Collector2. Open Collector Breakers Upon Transformer Fault
– All Wind Turbines, Selective, or Entire Collector
3. Collector Bus Cable fault Requires Selective Trip Wind Turbine Breakers
4. Issues in a Specific Wind Turbine to Prompt Block Command to Other Wind Turbines
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Electrical Protection TopologyInterconnect
Protection
GSU Protection
Bus Protection
Feeder Protection
Feeder Protection
Feeder Protection
Feeder Protection
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
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Network TopologyInterconnect
Protection
GSU Protection
Bus Protection
Feeder Protection
Feeder Protection
Feeder Protection
Feeder Protection
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
EnetSwitch
EnetSwitch
EnetSwitch
Ethernet Switch
Feeder 2 Feeder 3 Feeder 4
•Fault Tolerant Ring
•Support WTG outside a break in the ring
•Requires 2 Fiber Strands
•Worst case 1 micro Sec Delay by Switch
•Unmanaged Switch in WTG
•Managed Switch w/VLAN in Substation
Protection System Overlays Parallel Control System
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Alternate Network Topology (if 3rd Party Wind Farm Protection is Used)
Sub controller
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
Turb. Prot.
EnetSwitch
EnetSwitch
EnetSwitch
Ethernet Switch
Feeder 2 Feeder 3 Feeder 4
Other Supplier’s Protection
Hardwired IO
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Transfer Trip Capabilities of W650
1. send a “block” or “transfer trip” from the protection offering in the Wind Farm substation protection (GE or other) to entire collector bus or individual wind turbine
2. “block” or “transfer trip” command from individual wind turbine to substation protection
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Transfer Trip Example
1. Transformer Protection detects Differential Fault and Initiates Transfer Trip Command
– Transformer Breaker Opens
2. Collector Bus W650’s Receive Transfer Trip Command and Issue Command to Trip Breaker
3. Collector Bus and WTG’s Isolated
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Economics
• Yellow Items Represent Customer Specific Variables
• Payback Calculated on Improved System Operations
• Equipment/Personnel Damage Avoidance Not Included
Wind Farm Energy Sell Price ($/kWH) 0.08$
Size of Individual WTG (MW) 1.5
Size in kW 1500
Downtime of 1 WTG (hours) 48
Lost Revenue of 1 WTG 5,760.00$
% Improvement of W650 Diagnostics 50%
$ to Operating Bottom Line for 1 occurance 2,880.00$
Number of Windturbines in Windfarm 16
Cost of W650 system 24,660.00$ Estimated # of WTG Outages/Year 24
Savings to W650 System 69,120.00$
Payback Period (years) 0.36
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How do I get more information?
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Support Resources Available from GE Multilin• Available On-line at www.gemultilin.com• Product Cut Sheet
• Product Presentation• Whitepaper on Transfer Trip Technologies and
Benefits• Guideform Specification to Assist Consultants and
EPC’s• Wiring/Installation Information
• Pricing and Ordering Information Available On-Line
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Ordering Information
Greenfield Installations•Specify to Wind Turbine OEM & Wind Farm EPC•Request to Include with Wind Farm Substation and Wind Turbine’s•Field Integration Services Available
Retrofit Bill of Material•1 W650 per Wind Turbine•1 Ethernet Switch per Wind Turbine (GE Multilin model ML600)•1 Ethernet Switch in Wind Farm Substation (GE Multilin model ML2400)•Substation Protection Controller (GE Multilin C30)
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Who to Contact for Questions
•GE Multilin – John Garrity, 518.877.8860, [email protected]
•GE PSEC – tbd
•GE Wind - tbd