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GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their...

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GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.
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Page 1: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

Page 2: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Gears turn either clockwise or counter-clockwise. When gears touch, we call it meshing. As gears mesh, they turn in opposite directions.

Page 3: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

In multiple gear sets, all odd numbered gears turn the same direction, and the even numbered gears turn in the opposite direction.

Page 4: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

To make two gears turn in the same direction, (A & C) another gear (B) needs to be between the two. This gear, without a load, is called the idler. It can be any size, or there can be multiple idler gears.

A

C

B

Page 5: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARSGears are generally used for one of

four different reasons:1. To reverse the direction of a

rotational force.2. To increase or decrease the speed

of rotation.3. To move rotational motion to a

different axis.4. To keep the rotation of two axis

synchronized.

Page 6: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Another option exist with a rack and pinion gear set. Rack and pinions convert rotary motion to linear motion.

Page 7: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Bevel gears can change the direction of the rotational axis.

Page 8: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Worm gears are like screws. They prevent slippage, and reduce rotational speed and increase torque.

Page 9: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARSPlanetary gears utilize a system that consists of one or more outer gears, or planet gears, revolving about a central, or sun gear. Typically, planet gears are mounted on a movable arm or carrier which itself may rotate relative to the sun gear.

Page 10: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

A common example of this type of gearing system is the manual pencil sharpener. In this instance, the planet gear is stationary and the sun gear moves.

Page 11: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARSAnother way to make two gears turn the same direction is to use a chain. The gears are shaped a little different, and are called sprockets. Advantages include greater distance between gears, a greater tolerance for alignment, and less damage to the system should a chain break.

Page 12: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Conservation of energy requires that the amount of power delivered by the output gear or shaft will never exceed the power applied to the input gear, regardless of the gear ratio.

Page 13: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Actual output will never reach theoretical outputs due to friction, errors, entropy, or any number of other external forces or situations involved.

Page 14: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Gear = # of Teeth on Driven Gear Ratio # of Teeth on Driving Gear

example: 35 = 7 60 12

The 60 teeth gear will spin 7 times, while the 35 teeth gear will spin 12 times.

3560

Page 15: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Compound Gears are gears consisting of two gears turning on the same axle. The have the same rate of rotation.

Page 16: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Gear ratios for each individual gear pair are multiplied together to compute the overall compound gear ratio.

Page 17: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Example: Gear ratio between A and B is 12:36 or 1:3.The gear ratio between C and D is 12:60 or 1:5Overall gear ratio is 1/3 x 1/5 = 1:15. A will spin once for D to spin 15 times.

Page 18: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Torque is rotational force. Torque is often talked about in using it to drive in screws, fasten nuts onto bolts and other such activities.

Page 19: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Torque = Force x Lever Arm (distance between force and the objects center of mass) [In our case, the radius of the wheel]. Formula: t = f x L

Page 20: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARSTorque is measured in the relationship between the measurements used in determining force and length, i.e. torque is measured in foot-pounds if the force is lbs. and the distance feet; or Newton –meters if Newton and meter are used; inch-ounces if these two force and distance measurements are used.

Page 21: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARSThe relationship between torque, gear ratio, speed, etc. increases or decreases on a linear scale. This could be either a direct relationship (as gear ration increases from 1:3 to 1:5 speed increases) or an indirect or inverse relationship, (torque decreases as speed increases.) As a consequence, more torque = less speed and vise-versa.

Page 22: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

When gears mesh, both gears exert the same amount of force in opposite directions at any given point.

Page 23: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

If a driving gear of 60 teeth is meshed with a driven gear of 36 teeth, then the force where the two gears meet is equal to f36 = f60. Torque ratio is therefore equal to the gear ratio.

Page 24: GEARS Gears and shafts are basically wheel and axles, but gears have cogs, or teeth on their circumference.

GEARS

Safety must be a consideration when working with gears. Extreme pressure can cause gears to shatter or strip out teeth. Pinching hazards exist as well.


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