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European and Global

Business Environment :

Images of Demographics andEconomical globalisation

Christophe Benavent

Professor University Paris

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!orld "odern #istory

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$actors of globalisation

Theory of comparative advantage Ricardo) the non mobilityhypothesis Explaining International specialization

World as a region (Krgman) and the attraction la! the mobility

hypothesis "cale economies The geographical economy

The dynamic of innovation #ommnication and Information $ no barriers to the diffsion of

innovation

%oining the technology frontier ( &ass edcation) &oving the technology frontier ( 'niversity edcation)

estion of externalities learning externalities agglomeration

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%he comparative advantage

la&

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'e mod(le de %edlo& )scale

economy*

(I)Marchs

fra!ents

(II)Marchs

nationa"#

(III)Marchs

se!ents

(I$)%&oba&isation

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Population density

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Economic $lo&s

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%he triad )+,,,*

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Development process

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-ituation of today

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Globali/ation 0 trade

International trade in goods, 2005 China

Exports *+,-- Imports /0,01 Trade Balance 2/,10

European Union Exports -+-,21 Imports 0342,0* Trade Balance 5+2,1-

Japan

Exports /,14 Imports 4+/,-- Trade Balance 11,1 United States

Exports *2-,/ Imports 022+,23 Trade Balance 5-+,++

Selon l!conomiste am!ricain "aul #$ %rugman, &uatre nou'eaut!s ma(eurescaract!risent l)!'olution du commerce international depuis 25 ans$

6e commerce intra5branches7 6e d8copage de la prodction de valer a9ot8e en diff8rents liex (exemple$ l:ordinater dont les

composants sont fabri;8s en diff8rents endroits)7

6:8mergence de pays s nepetite transformation ("ingapor? @ongAong? et assi dans ne certaine mesre? l:Irlande? la Belgi;e o la&alaisie)7

6:8mergence d:exportations de prodits manfactr8s venant de pays C bas salaires vers les pays riches,

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1 vie& of global trade

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International trade

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But small countries are really

international

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Cost of communication

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Diffusion of innovation and

transports

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Income distribution : &orld

evolution

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-ome business 23D effort

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Income of U- #ousehold

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Distribution of Income for

Bra/il

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Case of france

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Case of Indonesia

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Evolution of Ine4ualities in

!estern Countries

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#appiness

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EUropean map

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!ealth disparities

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European budget : spending

5+, billions euros

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2evenue : 657+89 GP

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Decision process