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FALL SEMESTER FINAL EXAM REVIEWGeller’s Fantastic Freshmen
December 2013
Literary Terms
1. An imaginative attempt to explain the universe, its creation and workings is known as a MYTH
2. A comparison of two unlike things using “like” or “as” is a SIMILE3. A figure of speech that compares two things without using “like” or “as” is a METAPHOR
4. A long, narrative poem about the journey of a hero is an EPIC
Literary Terms
5. The use of language that appeals to the five senses is IMAGERY
6. The use of words that sound like the noises they describe is ONOMATOPOEIA
7. A type of figurative language in which human qualities are given to nonhuman things is PERSONIFICATION
8. The person who faces trials and enemies while struggling on an epic journey [the protagonist of an epic] is an EPIC HERO
9. The Greek words for excessive pride and arrogance [Odysseus’s tragic flaw] is HUBRIS
Applying Literary Terms
Characteristics of an Epic: Long narrative poem about the journey of a
hero Hero faces external conflict in the form of
monsters, enemies, and other perils Hero often has supernatural assistance/help
from the gods Hero has a flaw that often gets him into
trouble Consist of formulaic lines that are often
repeated Used to teach the values and virtues of a
culture
Applying Literary Terms
11. “Cries burst from both, as keen and fluttering/as those of a great taloned hawk…” (SIMILE)
12. “Dawn with her fingertips of rose…” (PERSONIFICATION)
13. “So with our brand we bored that great eye socket…” (IMAGERY)
14. A struggle within a character’s mind=INTERNAL CONFLICT
Applying Literary Terms
15. Thudding=ONOMATOPOEIA 16. REPETITION 17.Main character=PROTAGONIST 18. EXTERNAL CONFLICT (Poseidon is an
ANTAGONIST) 19. We know something a character
doesn’t=DRAMATIC IRONY 20. Repetition of consonant
sounds=ALLITERATION
Applying Literary Terms
Big Idea=THEME In the Odyssey, major themes include:
Love Loyalty Honor Pride Revenge Coming of age (Telemachus)
Vocabulary
Livid (adj): Very angry; discolored by bruising, pale
Apathy (n): Lack of feeling or emotion Empathy (n) Identification with and
understanding of another’s situation or feelings
Sympathy (n): Sorrow or the capacity to feel sorrow for another’s suffering or misfortune
Dregs (n): Matter that settles to the bottom of a body of liquid; the most undesirable part of something
More Vocabulary
Aristocratic (adj): Having to do with the upper class or nobility; having an air of superiority
Robust (adj): Strong and healthy Notorious (adj): Widely and unfavorably
known; having a bad reputation Riveted (adj/v): Fastened or fixed firmly;
to attract and hold (as the attention) completely
Idleness (n): The state of being inactive; doing nothing
Even MORE Vocabulary!
Rogue (n): A dishonest or unprincipled person
Oracle (n): One who predicts the future Profusion (n): An abundance or large
quantity of something Din (n): A commotion; lots of loud noise Guile (n): Cleverness, craftiness Muster (v): To collect or assemble Dismember (v): To remove the limbs
(from a person or animal)
Still more vocabulary
Discord (n): Lack of agreement Appalled (v): Greatly dismayed or
horrified Ponderous (adj): Heavy, burdensome
“When I Think About Myself”
“My life is one great big joke” (METAPHOR)
“I almost laugh myself to death” (HYPERBOLE)
“A dance that walked; a song that spoke” (PERSONIFICATION)
“O Captain! My Captain!”
“For you the flag is flung” (ALLITERATION)
“Fallen cold and dead” at the end of each stanza (REPETITION)
“Echo and Narcissus”
This Greek myth tells the story of Echo, a beautiful nymph who can only repeat what others say. She loves Narcissus, but Narcissus only loves himself.
Narcissus leans over the water, staring at his own reflection. He falls in and drowns. Echo dies of a broken heart
The flower that grew where he died is called the Narcissus.
The word “narcissistic” means self-absorbed.
“An Ancient Gesture”
The speaker, like Penelope in the Odyssey, is waiting for her husband to return
The “ancient gesture” is the wiping away of tears
Excerpt from The Jungle
This brief excerpt describes shockingly disgusting conditions in a meat packing plant
“The moon is a white sliver” (METAPHOR) A good transition to use here would be “in
addition” or “furthermore” “As good as new” (SIMILE) Short works (songs, poems, short stories)
get “quotation marks” Long works (novels, plays, newspapers) get
underlined or italicized
Grammar and Conventions
Commonly confused words: There—in that place, also “there is/there are” Their—shows possession They’re—they are Too—also, excessively (too much, too many) To—preposition and used with verb to form
infinitive (I am going to the store; I love to dance)
Two—the number 2
Grammar and Conventions
Combining sentences Subordinating conjunction:
I left. I was tiredI left because I was tired. Tessa could do just about any math problem. She
was given an exampleTessa could do just about any math problem when she was given an example
Comma and coordinating conjunction: I am tired. I am happyI am tired, but I am
happy. Semicolon:
I thought I saw Brittany. Wasn’t she here today?I thought I saw Brittany; wasn’t she here today?
Grammar and Conventions
Fragments: No subject, no verb, or neither: After the assembly. Because I love you.
Running for his life. Elizabeth and her cousins.
Run-ons: Two independent clauses connected without a conjunction or semicolon: He is my dentist, he cleans my teeth. I
am not studying for this test it is ridiculous.
“A Country Cottage”
“The moon peeped up from the drifting cloudlets and frowned…” (PERSONIFICATION)
“The still air was heavy with the fragrance of lilac and wild cherry” (IMAGERY)
“It all seems like a dream…” (SIMILE) Sasha is struggling with the idea that his family
and relations won’t fit comfortably in his cozy little cottage. (INTERNAL CONFLICT)
The moon was “glad she had no relations;” the sweetness of young love can turn bitter when relatives arrive!
Night
Time period: WWII The memoir’s title is symbolic of the
despondency of the prisoners, the protagonist’s despair and hopelessness, a dark period in human history, and the human capacity for evil.
Moche the Beadle is the first to bring news of mass executions back to Sighet; he is able to escape the SS by playing dead
The Jews of Sighet were deported by cattle car in 1943; Elie was finally liberated from the concentration camp in 1945.
Excerpt from “I Am a Rock”
A winters dayIn a deep and dark December (ALLITERATION)I am alone, gazing from my window to the streets belowOn a freshly fallen silent shroud of snow I am a rock; I am an island (METAPHOR)
First person point of view
Toneattitude and emotions conveyed (sad, mournful, isolated)
Even MORE Vocabulary
Ubiquitous: Everywhere; ever-present Memoir: First-person narrative nonfiction
(autobiography that focuses on a specific part of the author’s life)
Anti-Semitism: Prejudice against Jews Obscurity: The condition of being
unknown; darkness; dimness Anecdote: A brief story Erratic: Not regular or consistent
The last of the vocabulary
Expulsion: The process of driving or forcing out
Compensate: To make up for; repay for services
Eradicate: To eliminate, remove, or destroy completely
Fortify: To strengthen; build up