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GENDER
Adults use gender to….Form Impressions
Interpret Behavior
Socially Constructed
Biological differences between males and females=sex
Characteristics of MalesCharacteristics of
Females
Gender Roles….
All cultures define roles differently…
Big Boys don’t cry!
The lipstick effect Stereotype Threat
Gender Identify….
Your personal, private sense of gender (male, female, both, neither)
Women cry more than menWomen smile more than menMen curse more than womenWomen are more likely to talk about their personal livesHolding a cigarette- women hold it up/men hold it down
When is Gender Identity Formed?-Lawrence Kohlberg
Some people have a sense of being male/female and label themselves as such (2-3 years old).
For others it takes longer to realize their gender identities, especially if they are transgender or gender nonconforming.
Gender identity can remain constant for one’s whole life or can change over time.
This addresses when but not “how” children learn about gender….Gender-Schema theory
Gender-Schema theory: Children decide if objects, activities or behaviors are “male” or “female” and then decide whether they should act accordingly.
Many cultural variations…
●Mundugumor (New Guinea) both genders are “fierce”, “aggressive” (male?)
●Tanbiouli (Egypt) roles are reversed.●Mohave (Native American) 4 genders:A womanA woman who acts like a manA manA man who acts like a woman
Androgynous= Both male and female aspects
Transgender Intersex
Describes anyone whose gender identity does not align with the gender they were assigned at birth
Having unrecognized genitalia or both male and female genitalia
Gender non-binary
Umbrella term describing anyone whose gender identity is not “male” or “female” but is either neither, both, or fluctuating between the two
Gender and the price of happiness…
Advertising, Image and Self-esteem
Killing Us SoftlyAdvertising’s Image of
Women