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GENDER ANALYSIS: ROHINGYA REFUGEE AND HOST COMMUNITY RESPONSE Recognizing and responding to gender inequalities
GENDER ANALYSIS: ROHINGYA REFUGEE
AND HOST COMMUNITY RESPONSE
Recognizing and responding to gender
inequalities
Page 2
Joint Gender Analysis
• Oxfam led
• jointly conducted with Action against
Hunger and Save the Children
• contributing efforts from CARE,
UNHCR, ISCG and UN Women
Page 3
Objectives
• To identify the different needs, interests, risks and
vulnerabilities of women, girls, boys and men in the
affected areas.
• To inform current and future programming by Oxfam,
Action Against Hunger and Save the Children and also
that of CARE International, UN Women, UNHCR and
other actors through the Inter Sector Coordination Group
(ISCG).
• It will serve as a tool for advocacy and will inform the
wider humanitarian response.
Page 4
Sectors included
• Nutrition
• WASH – including MHM
• ESFVL
• Protection – including GBV
• Communication with communities
• But also disaster prepardness, power analysis,
women’s empowerement opportunities, capacities
and coping strategies, access to other services
Page 5
Methodology
• desk review of extensive secondary data
• focus group discussions (FGDs) – 21 (11 female)
• key informant interviews (KIIs) – 27 (8 female)
• SurveyCTO data collection tool - 482 households
(64% female)
• direct observations
Locations:
• Kutupalong, Balukhali, Unchiprang, Nyapara and
surrounding host community
Page 6
Nutrition
• There are concerns about undernutrition
among children up to five years of age, with
particular difficulties for breastfeeding
children under six months of age, as well as
concerns about undernutrition among women
and girls, as men and boys are prioritized for
food intake.
• There are also concerns regarding malnutrition
of infants.
Page 7
Power analysis
• Men are power holders in key decision
making at the household level in both
communities, but more so in the Rohingya
community.
• Mahjis have a disproportionate degree of
power, and reports have emerged of
abuses of power
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Care work
• Domestic care work is considered in both communities to
be a task for women, though since displacement there
have been some shifts in attitude – for example, men in
the Rohingya community helping with firewood
collection.
• RCA report is confirmed in terms of care patterns for
both communities, with more information needed on
the role of adolescent girls in care work.
• Care work also affects access to services for female-
headed households
Page 13
Key Findings: RCA can be linked to Nutrition
• in the Rohingya female group - 72 hours on average
care work as main activity weekly and 10 hours on
average care work as secondary activity weekly
• in the Rohingya male - 5 hours on average as main
activity weekly and 17 hours on average as secondary
activity weekly
• in the host female group - 67 hours on average main
activity weekly and 33 hours on average as secondary
activity weekly
• in the host male group - 12 hours on average as main
activity weekly and 6 hours on average weekly as
secondary activity
Page 14
Information, feedback and complaints
36%
64%
Information to access humanitarian services for men
No
Yes
Page 15
47%53%
Information to access humanitarian services for
women
No
Yes
Page 16
78%
22%
Do you know how to put in a complaint about a aid/NGO worker for any mis-behaviour, abuse, or exploitation?
(MALE)
No
Yes
Page 17
83%
17%
Do you know how to put in a complaint about a aid/NGO worker for any mis-behaviour, abuse, or exploitation?
(Female)
No
Page 18
67%
33%
Have you ever provided feedback to a humanitarian organization about their
services?(Male)
No
Yes
Page 19
71%
29%
Have you ever provided feedback to a humanitarian organization
about their services?(Female)
No
Yes
Page 20
11%
68%
3% 3%
1%11% 3%
Who do you go to if you need help or advice?
Husband
Majhi
Mother or otherolder female relative
Father or other oldermale relative
Siblings
Neighbors/friends
Other
Page 21
4%
84%
2%2%
6%
2%
To whom do community members go for help when they’ve been victims of some form of
violence?
Family member Majhi Imam NGO Don't know Other
Page 22
Capacities and coping strategies
• The affected population have limited capacity to
cope with the effects of the crisis without NGO
support.
• People are likely to engage in negative coping
mechanisms.
Page 23
Findings: Nutrition
0
50
100
150
200
250
Ukhia Teknaf Ukhia Teknaf
Girls Boys
Figure 23:How Food Need is Being Met?
Distribution of aid Household garden Purchasing in the market Others
Page 24
Findings: Nutrition cont..
41%
8%24%
14%
3%9%1%
Figure 24a: Prioritization of
family food intake (all)Men
Women
Infants
Boys
Girls
Elderly
Pregnant and lactatingwomen
41%
8%24%
14%
3%9%1%
Figure 24a: Prioritization of
family food intake (all)Men
Women
Infants
Boys
Girls
Elderly
Pregnant and lactatingwomen
Page 25
Findings: Nutrition cont..
19%
65%
2%3%
10% 0%1%
Figure 25: Who buys groceries, vegetables and other food items from local
shops most of the time?
Woman
Man
Shared wife and husband
Girl
Boy
Another female member of the household
Another male member of the household
Page 26
Findings: Nutrition cont..
48%
23%
1%3%1%
24%
Figure 26: Who is in charge of receiving food vouchers?
Men
Women
Elderly
Boys
Girls
Others
Blank
Page 27
Findings: Nutrition cont..
17%
49%
32%
1%1%
Figure 27: Household decision making on managing aid items
Woman
Man
Shared decision- making between wife andhusband
Not received
Other
Page 28
Findings: Nutrition cont..
8%
56%7%
25%
4%
Figure 28: Decision to send children to a nutrition centre
Men
Women
Elderly
Not available
Other
Page 29
Recomendations: Nutrition
• Monitor gender-specific and other harmful
traditional practices linked to gender dynamics
to prevent undernutrition, and support access to
nutrition treatment.
• Develop tailored, gender-inclusive information,
education and communication (IEC) materials
on nutrition, adapted to the context.
Page 30
Nutrition
• Include more men, boys and elderly people,
especially mothers-in-law, in nutrition education
and behaviour change activities, including by
engaging fathers/male caregivers to attend
nutrition sessions and to learn the benefits of
infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices
and the nutrition requirements for children under
five.
• Include cooking demonstrations led by men as
well as women, with a focus on gender- and age-
specific nutrition requirements.
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Nutrition• Sensitize communities on IYCF services and reinforce
family and community support, with a special focus on
barriers or challenges to IYCF practices.
• Support mothers through counselling on IYCF,
specifically breastfeeding practices, and psychosocial
support and involve influential family members to
create an enabling environment for caregiving.
• Promote the involvement of men in sharing caregiving
responsibilities to reduce women’s workload and to
encourage more equal sharing of parenting
responsibilities.
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Nutrition
• Ensure that both men and women are provided with information
on women’s and children’s health and nutrition to create an
enabling environment for positive nutrition practices.
• Target health promotion activities at women/mothers/female
caregivers and design specific strategies to engage
men/fathers/male caregivers, especially on the importance of
early healthcare-seeking behaviour.
• Target traditional healthcare providers within the community for
communication on behaviour change to reduce harmful
practices, as well as to develop the capacity of influential
community members.
Page 33
Questions?
Page 34
Thanks!
Links:
https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/rohingya-
refugee-response-gender-analysis-recognizing-and-responding-
to-gender-620528
https://policy-practice.oxfam.org.uk/publications/rapid-care-
analysis-in-a-rapid-onset-emergency-coxs-bazar-bangladesh-
620499
