Gender: Human Development Nature/Nurture Carol Gilligan: Who is She? How Gender roles are effected by society Humans like to put things into categories, consequently leading to genders. Throughout society we have created gender roles which are a set of expectations for how each gender should act and behave. For example, women are expected to take care of children while the males work and provide for the family. Stereotypes influence different behaviors,( i.e. males excel in math while females are better supportes), leading them to define what’s perceived as “feminine” and “masculine”. Biology, parenting, and societal influences all effect gender. WINTER 201 6 Carol Gillian is an American feminist and psychologist, known for her work on ethical communities and ethical relationships. She is a Professor at New York University. She believes females tend to differ from males both in being less concerned with viewing themselves as separate individuals and in being more concerned with “making connections”. Her work on gender made a huge contribution to the science community and the knowledge about each gender Females have two X chromosomes and Males have an X and a Y, therefore, males have more testosterone, which leads to different sex organs and physical aggressiveness. Women posses’ estrogen, which causes them to possess female sex organs. Women have larger hippocampus’s, which enables them to absorb more sensorial and emotional information than males. In addition, males have more grey matter while women have more white matter which is why women are believed to be better at multi tasking than males. Biology!
Transcript
Gender:
Human Development Nature/Nurture
Carol Gilligan: Who is She?
How Gender roles are effected by society
Humans like to put things into categories, consequently leading to genders. Throughout society we have created gender roles
which are a set of expectations for how each gender should act and behave. For example, women are expected to take care of
children while the males work and provide for the family. Stereotypes influence different behaviors,( i.e. males excel in
math while females are better supportes), leading them to define what’s perceived as “feminine” and “masculine”. Biology,
parenting, and societal influences all effect gender.
W I N T E R 2 0 1 6
Carol Gillian is an American feminist and psychologist, known for
her work on ethical communities and ethical
relationships. She is a Professor at New York University. She believes
females tend to differ from males both in being less concerned with viewing themselves as separate
individuals and in being more concerned with
“making connections”. Her work on gender made a huge contribution to the science community and
the knowledge about each gender
Females have two X chromosomes and Males have an X and a Y, therefore, males have more testosterone,
which leads to different sex organs and physical aggressiveness. Women posses’ estrogen, which causes
them to possess female sex organs. Women have larger hippocampus’s, which enables them to absorb
more sensorial and emotional information than males. In addition, males have more grey matter while
women have more white matter which is why women are believed to be better at multi tasking than males.
Biology!
THE LOREM IPSUMS FALL 2016
2
Vocabulary • Gender- In psychology, the biologically and socially
influenced characteristics by which people define male and female
• Aggression- physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone
• X chromosome- the sex chromosome found in both males and females. Females have two, males have one.
• Y chromosome- sex chromosome only found in males
• Testosterone- most important of male sex hormones, both sexes have it, but additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of male sex organs in the fetus and development of male sex characteristics during puberty.
• Role- a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
• Gender role- a set of expected behaviors for males and for females
• Gender identity- our sense of being male or female • Gender typing- the acquisition of a traditional
masculine or feminine role • Social learning theory: we learn social behavior by
observing and imitating and being rewarded or punished.
Extra Info In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development.- discusses how Gilligan criticized Kohlberg's stages of moral development of children. Kohlberg had argued that girls on average reached a lower level of moral development than boys did. Gilligan noted that the participants in Kohlberg's basic study were largely male, and that the scoring method Kohlberg used tended to favor a principled way of reasoning (one more common to boys)
over a moral argumentation concentrating on relations, which would be more amenable to girls.
Psychology article that goes more in depth about gender myths
