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GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un...

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GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS •Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau •.and those denoting female beings are feminine une dame, une boulangère, une vache
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Page 1: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

GENDER

PEOPLE AND ANIMALS•Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine.

un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau

•.and those denoting female beings are feminine

une dame, une boulangère, une vache

Page 2: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Many occupations are made feminine by simply adding –e with the spelling adjustment where necessary, or by changing –eur or – rice.

Un boulanger une boulangère

Un conducteur Une conductrice

Page 3: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

However, certain nouns denoting people refer to either sex without changing their grammatical gender

• Un médecin• Un professeur• Un auteur• Un ingénieur• Un ministre• Un juge• Une personne• Une vedette• Une victime

Page 4: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

The words for animals other than common domestic and farmyard ones are of one only gender, with male/femelle added if the animal’s sex needs to be indicated.

• Un hippopotame (male)

• Un hippopotame (femelle)

• Une autruche (male)• Une autruche

(femelle)

• Un chien• Une chienne• Un cheval• Une jument• Un chat • Une chatte

Page 5: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Masculine nouns

Page 6: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

2. Things, concepts, and geographical names.

Masculine• Days, months, and

seasons: le samedi, mai, le printemps.

• Most tree and shrubs: un pommier, un pin, un cerisier. Fruit trees often add –ier to the fruit they bear.

• Many metals and other chemicals: le fer, l’or, l’hydrogène, l’oxyde de carbone.

• Metric weights and measures: un kilo, un demi-litre.

• Languages: le français, le russe.

Page 7: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Things, concepts, and geographical names.

• Imported nouns, especially from English: le football, un sandwich, un T-shirt, un short, un jean.

• Nouns ending in –acle, -age, -ail, -eau, -ou, -ège, -et, - sme, -ment

Page 8: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Things, concepts, and geographical names.

• Acle• Age• Ail• Eau• Ou• Ège• Et• Sme

• Ment

• Un obstacle, un miracle• Un voyage, un visage, un age• Un travail,un éventail, l’ail• Un seau, un château• Un clou, un bijou• Un collège, un manège• Un jouet, un carnet• Un cyclisme, le socialisme, le

sarcasme• Un appartement, un traitement

Page 9: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Exceptions that are feminine:

• L’eau

• Une peau

• Une image

• Une cage

• La rage

• Une plage

Page 10: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Nouns ending in a consonant tend to be masculine.

• Le Portugal

• Le Japon

• Un autobus

• Un port

• Un champ

• Un train

• Un jus

Page 11: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

But they are exceptions:

• Une main

• Une souris

• Une vis

A fair number of others, including the following selection,

Which do not fit into any specific grouping:

Page 12: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

A fair number of others, including the following selection,

Which do not fit into any specific grouping:

•Un crime•Un dictionnaire•Un divorce•Un domaine•Une échange•Un espace•Un groupe•Un incendie•Un luxe•Un manque•Un mérite

•Un modèle•Un nombre•Un phénomène•Un principe•Un régime•Un remède•Un risque•Un rôle•Un salaire•Un scandale•Un service

•Un siècle•Un signe •Un style•un véhicule•Un verbe•Un vice•Un vocabulaire•Un vote

Page 13: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Compound nouns of which the first part is a verb

• Un gratte-ciel

• Un wagon-lit

• Un porte-monnaie

When two nouns make a compound noun, the gender of the first one is taken:

•Un gratte-ciel•Une porte-fenêtre

Page 14: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Feminine nouns

Page 15: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

FÉMININE NOUNS

• Une manifestation

• Une admission

• Une condition

• Une maison

• Une saison

• Un lion• Un camion

• Un avion

BUT NOTWords ending in-ion or –aison:

Page 16: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Words ending in –téthese correspond to English words ending in –ty such as equality

• La liberté

• L’égalité

• La fraternité

Page 17: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

A very large number of nouns ending in -e• Continents, countries and rivers: l’Asie, la Suisse, la

Seine BUT NOT le Mexique, le Rhone.• Fruits and vegetables: une carotte, une betterave, une

poire.• Occupations and shops ending in -erie:une quincaillerie,

la boucherie, une épicerie.• Abstract concepts ending in –aphie, -logie,

-sophie, -nomie, -ure: la géographie, la géologie, la philosophie, la physionomie, une allure, la peinture.

• Nouns ending in –(t)te: une devinette,une cravate,une dette.

• Nouns ending in –ance/anse, -ence/ense: la chance, la faience, la défense. BUT NOT le silence

• Words ending in –ée: la fée, la soirée BUT NOT le musée, le lycée.

Page 18: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

PLURAL OF NOUNS

REGULAR PLURALS

Page 19: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

The normal way to make a noun plural is to add an –s:

• Un livre

• Une forêt

• Un homme

• Une industrie

• Des livres

• Des forêts

• Des hommes

• Des industries

Remember,however, that the final “s” is not heard, and so

plural when you are speaking or hearing French, you must use and listen for some other plural marker. This is usually the article or determiner that precedes the noun, which will usually have a plural form.•Une bouteille des bouteilles•Le restaurant des restaurants•Ce magasin ces magasins•Mon ami mes amis

Page 20: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Nouns ending in –s, -x, -z

• These nouns do not add –s.

The pronunciation of the world in the plural is identical to the singular.– Un bois des bois– Une vis des vis– Le choix Les choix– Ce nez ces nez

Page 21: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Nouns forming their plural with –x.Noun ending in –EAU, -AU, -EU

• Un cadeau• Un tuyau• Un feu

• Des cadeaux• Des tuyaux• Des feux

Page 22: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

The following nouns ending in –outhese seven nouns will take an –X

the rest of the words ending in –ou will take -S

• Un bijou• Un caillou• Un chou• Un genou• Un hibou• Un joujou• Un pou

• Des bijoux• Des cailloux• Des choux• Des genoux• Des hiboux• Des joujoux• Des poux

Page 23: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Nouns ending in –al and –ail form their plural in -AUX

• Un cheval des chevaux• Un animal des animaux• Le vitrail des vitraux

BUT NOT • un bal des bals• un carnaval, des animaux• un festival des festivals• Un détail des détails• Un éventail des éventails

Page 24: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

However, as a general rule, if the compound is made up of a verb + a noun, nothing is added to the plural, or an –s may be added to the second part if it is not already plural.

• Un porte-avion

• Un porte-crayon

• Des porte-avion• Des porte-avions

• Des porte-crayon• Des porte-crayons

If the compound is of two nouns, both parts are made plural.

•Un chou-fleur Des choux-fleurs

Page 25: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

exercises

1. Masculin ou féminin?

2. Trouvez le féminin

3. Quelle boum!

Page 26: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Masculin ou Féminin?

• Chômeur• Cheval• Bureau• Socialisme• Emploi• Miracle• Télévision• Franc• Poche• Formation

• Voisin• Employé• Chef• Usine• Technologie• Année• Travail• Porte-monnaie• Bicyclette• sens

Page 27: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Masculin ou Féminin?

• Colère• Inactivité• Désespoir• Argent• Vol• Criminalité• Licenciement• Destitution• Papier• Formulaire

Page 28: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

1.Trouvez les mots féminins2. Donnez le féminin des mots masculins

• Un cheval• Un charcutier• Un patron• Un guide• Un professeur• Une victime• Un témoin• Un renard• Un vendeur• Un astronaute

• Un assassin• Un camionneur• Un cheminot• Un coiffeur• Un bélier• Un représentant• Un coq• Un agent de police• Un premier ministre• Un rhinocéros

Page 29: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

Quelle boum!• On lui a offert• Un cheval de bois• Un bijou• Un éventail• Un jeu• Un tournevis• Un hibou en porcelaine• Un journal• Un gâteau• Un lave-vaisselle• Une machine à coudre• Un manteau• Un vitrail• Un chapeau• Une souris en chocolat• Un clou• Un porte-monnaie• Un chou-fleur• Un feu d’artifice• Une eau de toilette

• Ce qu’elle voulait– Trois chevaux de bois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois– Trois

Page 30: GENDER PEOPLE AND ANIMALS Generally speaking, nouns denoting male are masculine. un monsieur, un boulanger, un boucher, un taureau.and those denoting female.

homework

Take an atlas and make a list of 30 countries. Follow this example.

Masculin Féminin Langue

Le Canada

La Russie

L’Italie

L’anglais

Le français

Le russe

L’italien


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