By: Denzel, jomi, clark, renzelElaiza, venice, michelle, francine,

& gillian

There are many ways in which societies distinguish their

members

RichPoor

GENDER AGE

NATIONALITY

RELIGION

What are the Differences that may affect the expectations of society:

× Gender & age

A. ALL MEN SHOULD BE MASCULINE× MEN BE THE BREADWINNERS OF THEIR FAMILIES

B. ALL WOMEN SHOULD BE FEMININE× WOMEN BE THE HOUSEKEEPERS

OF THEIR FAMILIES

The man’s world:× viewed as harsh & heartless jungle× man = strong and aggressive

B. The woman’s world× harmony at home

The division of labor

× men = ambitious and aggressive

× women = shy, passive, and easily intimidated Malakas at

magilas Mahina at mahinhin

Urban vs. ruralUrban:× urabnized men tend to be open-minded and ignorant towards gender roles× in most cases, women work to provide for their families while men stay at home to handle house choresWoman = bread winner of

family

Urban vs. ruralrural:× men still tend to be traditional ; they take the roles of having to provide for their families through fishing, farming, etc.× women stay at home where they fulfill their duties as a mother and as a wife

Man vs. woman (social aspect)

The man :× initiates interactions between the sexes× more likely to touch the women× aggressive× more practical in orientation×Opening doors for women = customary

The man according to women× success objects

The woman according to men× sex objects

× People have gender roles× each society posses a

particular gender role

Margaret mead (1935)

× studied three tribes in new guineaa)Arapesh

b)Mundugmorc)Tchambuli

× shown the power of culture

× in most societies, men’s work is highly

valued compared to the women’s work.

× kay martin and barbara voorhies

Men > women

Men are viewed positively:

× independent× courageous

× more positive traits...

woMen are viewed negatively:

× submissive× dependent

× unadventurous× easily influenced

× excitable in minor crises× susceptible to hurt feelings

× conceited

Men > women

Studies show that…× least preferable as friends or romantic partners× more likely to have marital problems× female managers = unfeminine

Men > women

High status gestures:× Smiling occasionally× Holding hands still× Assuming asymmetrical× Relaxed

Low status gestures:× smiling× nodding× holding arms to the body× keeping legs together

Women:× deprived of opportunities for higher education× barred from many colleges & universities× receive less attention from teachers× suffer dramatic drop in self-esteem during high school

Faculties/administrations× there is a gender gap in the nation’s

college/universities

× forty years ago, 30% women were employed outside the home.

× today, more than half of the women are employed, including

about 57% of those married and with children

× for women in their thirties and forties, the rate of labor-force

participation now stands at 78%

× women typically hold lower status and lower paying jobs than men.

× in the us, men made up of 75% managers in companies with 100 or more employees but women

only accounted for 25%

× women are over represented in such low-paying jobs: public school teaching,

secretarial work, receptionists, billing clerks, child-care workers

× woman’s ghettos: the traditional occupations mentioned above are

subordinate to positions usually held by men

Why do women who hold the same jobs as men or have comparable skills /

training still earn less?

× more women hold lower-level jobs× more women have less seniority than

men× men are their families’ principal wage

earners

In the Philippines :× The philippine government

legislated a standard policy on wage and salary regardless of gender

but base on merits and ranks.

Before:× mentality× Sexism

× Roles in the family todaY:

× voting patterns×Presently rising

× more women running for office

ballotwoman wom

anman

A system wherein people believe in god or gods

Buddhism and Confucianism:× instruct wives to obey husbands

Iglesia ni kristo:× female members are barred to occupy

positions as minister× Men are superior to women on account of the qualities in which God has given

them preeminence× sexism is not confined to sacred texts.

FEMALES× They have two similar chromosomes (XX).

× more resistant to pain and malnutrition. × They bear and suckle children;

× personal, social and economic activities may be periodically restricted. × more evenly balanced between left and right-brain processing.

× Thought to be slightly more intuitive and sometimes better communicators.× more in touch with their feelings and are better at expressing their emotions.

× better at connecting with others. × more prone to different types of depression.

MALES× They have two dissimilar chromosomes (XY).× The male’s lack of a second X chromosome makes him the weaker sex× Male infants are more likely to be malformed. × Hemophilia and webbing of toes are found only in men. × Proportion of hormones is greater.× biological involvement in reproduction begins and ends with a brief act of insemination. × Many men are sharply left-brain dominant.

Men and women are different in many ways

MALE traits× dominance× emotional stability× rule consciousness× vigilance× openness to change× social boldness× privateness× perfectionism

Men and women are different in many ways

feMALE traits× sensitivity× warmth× apprehension× tension× self-reliance× liveliness× abstractedness

Men and women are different in many ways