Masculine andFeminine Sports

Kimberly Vivian

T and H:

Topic: Masculine and Feminine Sports

Hypothesis: There is a higher chance of women athletes who play "masculine" sports because it is less frowned upon than a male playing a "feminine" sport.

Important Terms:Masculinity:

Masculinity is conveyed as a sport that has physical contact, running, and is more physically demanding towards the athletes.

Femininity: Feminine sports are conveyed as non-contact sports, and sports that include more “showier” attires. These sports usually derive from masculine sports or revolve around the male sport.

Examples of Masculine Sports:Football, baseball, basketball

Examples of Feminine Sports: Cheerleading, volleyball, softball

Related Research Findings& Background:

• Billings, Angelini, and Duke 2010– More media time was given to male Olympic athletes

than female Olympic athletes.– US female and male athletes received the same

amounts of medals..

• Alley and Hicks 2005– The more aggressive the sport is, the more masculine

it is seen to adolescents. – There are stereotypes for masculine and feminine

sports.– Females who play masculine sports are more

masculine than females who play feminine sports. Same with males.

• Kimmel 2010– Title IX has helped females with monetary equality in

school sports.

• Convenient Sampling• SurveyMonkey.com • Gender:– Male: 8 (50%)– Female: 8 (50%)

• Age: – 18-22 years old: 13 (81%)– 23-27 years old: 1 (6.3%)– 28-32 years old: 0 (0%)– 33-37 years old: 0 (0%)– 38+ years old: 2 (12.5%)

Survey:

Male Female02468

Gender

18-22 years old

23-27 years old

28-32 years old

33-37 years old

38+ years old

0

4

8

12

AgeN

umbe

r of P

eopl

e

Survey (cont.):• Play a Sport?– Yes: 14 (87.5%)– No: 2 (12.5%)

• Sports Played?– Golf: 6 (38%)– Volleyball: 3 (19%)– Basketball: 3 (19%) – Baseball: 2 (13 %)– Soccer: 1 (6 %)– Softball: 1 (6 %)– Rugby: 1 (6 %)

Yes No0

5

10

15

Play a Sport

35%

18%

18%

12%6%

6%6%

Sport

Golf Volleyball BasketballBaseball Soccer SoftballSki

Results:

Cheerleading

Football

Basketball

Baseball

Softball

Soccer

Golf

Volleyball

0

2

4

6

8

10

Gender Sports

MaleFemale

Sport

Num

ber o

f Ind

ivid

uals

Who

Vot

ed fo

r Sp

ecifi

c Sp

orts

wit

h G

ende

r

This graph shows: Cheerleading (Male: 0; Female: 2); Football (Male: 10; Female: 0); Basketball (Male: 3; Female: 1); Baseball (Male: 6; Female: 0); Softball (Male: 1; Female: 5); Soccer (Male: 2; Female: 1); Golf (Male: 1; Female: 0); Volleyball (Male: 0; Female: 3).

Yes No0

2

4

6

8

10

Cultural Influence

Agree or Disagree

Num

ber o

f Peo

ple

Results:

This graph shows: 10 people believe culture has an influence on what classifies a feminine and masculine sport. 6 disagree there is any relation between culture and influence.

Confounding Variables:

1. Not enough feedback from surveys.

2. Generations may have an impact on acceptance of evolution within sports and genders.

3. Culture and nationality differs between what is feminine and masculine.

Comparison to Related Studies

• Participants in my study agree that male sports receive more attention.

• There is a difference between male and female sports. Feminine sports are less harmful, while masculine sports are more physically inclined.

Conclusion

• Hypothesis was accepted.– Stereotypes in sports do exist.–More women play masculine sports than

men play feminine sports.

• Both men and women don’t accept evolution with females and males participating in all sports.

Billings, A., Angelini, J., & Duke, A. (2010). “Gendered Profiles of Olympic History: Sportscaster Dialogue in the 2008 Beijing Olympics.” Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media.

Alley, T., Hicks, C. (2005). “Peer Attitudes Towards Adolescent Participants In Male- And Female-Oriented Sports.” Adolescence.  Kimmel, Michael. 2008. The Gendered Society, Third Edition. New York, New York. Oxford.

PICTURES

•http://www.therfl.co.uk/uploads/3322.jpg

•http://www.planetsocialsports.com/Portals/3/Images/CL2/IMG_9387.JPG

Bibliography