10

" I send it through the rivers of your blood,Even to the court, the heart, the seat of the brain,And thro’ the cranks and offices of man,The strongest nerves and small inferior veins," &e.

The flow of the blood to the heart, and its existence in theheart therefore, were facts fully accepted by Shakspeare ; butthe blood was considered to be contained in the veins, not inthe arteries, and its flow supposed to be caused by the liver,not the heart.

In the description of Lucrece’s suicide, the colour of the twodifferent kinds of blood is referred to, and the separation ofserum from the clot is described-

About the mourning and congealed faceOf that black blood a watery eigol goes,"

The cause assigned for this is, that the blood is corrupted-"Corrupted blood some watery token shews."

It is a curious circumstance that in this opinion, erroneous aswe now know it to be, the great physiologist agreed with thedramatist-

" These parts (that is coagulum and serum) have no exist-ence severally in living blood ; it is in that only which hasbecome corrupted, and is resolved by death, that they are en.countered." (Harvey on Generation.)The prevalent diseases of the time would be those to which

Shakspeare would naturally refer; the most prominent appearto have been ague and pestilence; disorders of the stomach(massed under the general name of surfeits), nervous diseases,epilepsy, apoplexy, and " hysterica passio," are likewise largelyreferred to. Venereal disease is also a frequent subject of theauthor’s comment-grave or gay. It was to some extent a

novelty in his time; it prevailed widely, and necessarily at-tracted great attention. One of the most remarkable of Shak-

speare’s medical descriptions is that of the secondary symptomsof syphilis, as they are detailed by Tianon, of Athens, when heis pouring treasure into the laps of the courtesans :-

" Timoaa. Consumptions sowIn hollow bones of men : strike their sharp shins,And mar men’s spurring. Crack the lawyer’s voice,That he may never more false title plead,Nor sound his quillets shrilly. Hoar the flamenThat scolds against the quality of flesh,And not believes himself. Down with the nose,Down with it flat: take the bridge quite awayOf him, that his particular to foresee,Smells from the general weal: make curl’d-pate ruffians bald; g iAnd let the unscarr’d braggarts of the war IDerive some pain from you. Plague all, IThat your activity may defeat and quell ’

The source of all erection. There’s more gold; ’

And ditches grave you all !"

Dr. Bucknill compares this enumeration with Brasser’s con-

temporary description of syphilis, which Hamilton, in his" History of Medicine," says is the most complete account ofthe disease to be found in any author of the period; and heshows that the representation of the dramatist is superior in ac-curacy to that of the physician. The work before us containssome curious results of research on the treatment of this dis-

ease, as it is described by Shakspeare, by " powdering tub ofinfamy," by tubs and bottles, and by sweating medicines.We trust we have said enough to send our readers to the

book itself, which they will be unable to read withoutgreatly increasing their knowledge of the works of the im-mortal dramatist, and that, too, in a direction which to numbersof our profession will be most interesting and instructive; butthey will also find a large amount of curious and valuableresearch into the early history of medicine in this country, andinto the social state of the medical profession in the sixteenthand seventeenth centuries. Dr. Bucknill complains that nomedical history exists which gives this information; that me-dical historians copy from each other; that, generally speak-ng, they satisfy themselves with describing the progress ofknowledge, and that they do not set forth the state of me-dical opinion and practice existing at the different periods oftheir history. This, perhaps, is inevitable. The future historianof the present age will, no doubt, describe the discoveries ofSir Charles Bell, Marshall Hall, and Brown-Sequard; but it

is not probable that he will trouble his readers to any great

extent with descriptions of the rise and fall of the greathomoeopathic and mesmeric humbugs of the day, or evenwith questions of real but transitory medical interest, as theold lancet treatment of all disease, which has now died off, orthe abuse of brandy treatment, which appears to be coming on.Yet questions of this kind mark the actual state of medicalopinion more truthfully than the slow but sure progress ofscience. Dr. Bucknill has endeavoured to rehabilitate thestate of medicine in the time of Shakspeare, by referring tooriginal authorities who describe its grotesque errors and darkignorance, as well as to those who trace its progress towardsthe fuller knowledge in which we live.

Dr. Bucknill’s work is one which will be read by the scholarand the physician with peculiar interest. The chapter treat-ing of the state of the profession at the time of Shakspearefurnishes the most complete account we have ever seen onthe subject. We cordially recommend the perusal of " TheMedical Knowledge of Shakspeare" to our readers.

The Indian Annals of Medical Science. July, 1859. No. XII.Calcutta : Lepage.

OUR valued Indian contemporary continues to prosper. The

present number is a very bulky one; half of it, however, isoccupied by the continuation of Dr. Chevers’ admirable" Re-view of the Means of Preserving the Health of EuropeanSoldiers in India." The other articles to which we may spe-cially direct attention are those of Mr. Waring upon " Anthel-mintics ;" of Dr. Irving upon " Paraplegia following the use ofLathyrus sativus as an article of Food;" of Mr. Greenhow

upon "Goitre as seen in Oud<);" and Mr. Eyre upon a "Pecu-liar Disease (Tubercular) of the Foot." " We must not forget toparticularize the statistics, &c., of Dr. Ewart relative to" Dracunculus" in his article upon the " Meywar BheelCorps." "

_____________

Edinburgh Veterinary Review and Annals of ComparativePathology. (Published Quarterly.) No. VI., April, 1860.Edinburgh: Sutherland and Knox.THTS journal continues to uphold its character for practical

and interesting contributions to the progress and literature ofthe veterinary art. We are sorry to see, however, from the" Reports of Actions by Professor Dick against VeterinaryStudents," that certain of the veterinary profession and collegesare suffering from such internal strife and jealousies as cannotfail to throw discredit on the body at large, if allowed tocontinue.

Ure’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines. NewUre’s Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines. NewEdition, chiefly Re-written and greatly Enlarged. Editedby ROBERT HUNT, F.R.S., F.S.S., Keeper of MiningRecords, &c. Illustrated with nearly 2000 Engravings onWood. Part VIII., June, 1860. London: Longmans.THE subjects included in the present portion extend from

Gold" to "Iron." Amongst them, "Guano," "Honey,"and " Indigo," meet with copious illustration.

GENERAL COUNCIL OF MEDICAL EDUCA-TION AND REGISTRATION.

MINUTES OF MEETING, JUNE 23RD.

MR. GREEN took the chair at one o’clock P.M.Present- Mr. Nussey, Dr. Acland, Dr. Bond, Dr. Embleton,

Dr. Storrar, Dr. Alexander Wood, Dr. Andrew Wood, Mr.Watt, Mr. Syme, Dr. A. Thomson, Dr. A. Smith, Dr. Leet,Dr. Apjohn, Dr. Corrigan, Sir James Clark, Sir Charles Hast-ings, Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Teale, Dr. Christison, Dr. Stokes.

Dr. Francis Hawkins, Registrar.The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.1. Moved by Dr. Christison, and seconded by Mr. Nussey,-

" That the letter from Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, which an-

11

nounces his wish to resign his office as President of the Council, 4. Moved, separately in each case, by Dr. Alexander Wood,is received with sincere regret; that the Council tender their 4. Moved, Sir Charles Hastings, and agreed to,-" Thatbest thanks to him for the various and eminent services which Theophilus Webster, Antoine Rischanck, Albert Gunther,he has rendered to the Medical Council; and that they cannot Theodore Gunther, Emil Becher, Chas. Milner, Jonathan C.refrain from adding that he will carry with him the esteem and Sibley, Frederic Hancorne Prytherch, James Godfrey, andrespect of every member of the Council into all the other de- Michael Lamhton Este be registered."partments of his honourable career. "-The motion was put and 5. Moved by Dr. Alexander Wood, seconded by Sir Charlescarried by acclamation. Hastings, and agreed to,-" That the recommendation of the

2. Moved by Dr. Corrigan, seconded by Sir Charles Hastings, committee respecting Daniel B. Bascombe be adopted."and agreed to,-" That a copy of the foregoing resolution be 6. Moved, separately in each case, by Dr. Alexander Wood,forwarded to Sir B. C. Brodie." seconded by Sir Charles Hastings, and agreed to,-" That

3. Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Mr. Teale, William Hitchman, Theodore Bloomenthal, and William Ledgerand agreed to,-" That the resolution of the General Council Erson be not 1’registered."of August observed No. 5, - ‘ That the General Medical Dr. Smith presented the followingCouncil have observed that amendments of the Medical Act Dr. Smith presented the followinghave been introduced, at the instance of bodies represented in Report from the Finance Committee, appointed June 14th, 1860.the Medical Council, into Bills brought into Parliament, with- " The Committee having taken into consideration the mattersout previous communication with the General Medical Council; referred to them, respecting the financial affairs of the Generaland that the Council consider it desirable that, in future, such Medical Council, report that the minutes of the General Councilamendments should be first communicated to the President of and the Executive Committee, and the cash accounts of thethe Council,’-be amended, by adding ’to be by him commu- General Council, are kept in accordance with the recommenda-nicated to the members of the Council.’ " tions of the Finance Committee appointed in 1859.

Dr. Alexander Wood brought up the second Report of the With the view of bringing all the matters referred to theCommittee on Special Claims for Registration. Committee under the notice of the Council in the most concise

REPORT. manner, they have been arranged as follows :-" The Committee had under their consideration the followin " 1st. Matters referred to the General Council by the Exe-The Committee had under their consideration the following cutive Committee and the Branch Council for England (see

cases:- resolution 7)." Frederick Theophilus Webster.-This gentleman claims to " 2nd. Resolutions suggested by the Committee (see resolu-

be registered under clause 46 of the Medical Act, as a surgeon tions 8 and 9). , in the service of a charitable institution;’ he being surgeon to "3rid. Recommendations of the Committee-to be referred

several Benefit Societies. Mr. Webster was appointed by the to the Executive Committee."guardians to the office of medical officer in the St. Albans

Moved by Dr. Alexander Wood. seconded by Mr. Watt,Union, there being no other candidate, but the appointment t 7 Moved by Dr Alexander Wood, seconded by Mr. Watt,Union, there being no other er candidate, but the appointment and agreed to,-" That in striking the annual per-centage ratewas not confirmed by the Poor-law Board. Mr. Webster sup-

and agreed to,- That in striking the annual per-centage ratewas not confirmed by the Poor-law Board. Mr. Webster sup- in accordance witla Sect. XIII. of the Medical Act the wordsports his application by testimonials which fully prove both all moneys received’ be understood to meai-i all moneys receivedcharacter and ability, and a letter has been received from by the respective Branch Councils, front whatever sources de-Messrs. Farrar, Ouvry, and Farrer, the solicitors to the Coun- rived. Branch Councils, from whatever sources de.

cil, in reference to it. Mr. Webster’s claim is opposed by 8. Moved by Dr. A. Smith, seconded by Dr. Andrew Wood,Mr. Hutchinson, who resides close by him, and who formerly and agreed to,-" That tlze scale of fees by Dr. on the 3rd ofsupported the claim of a gentleman no better qualified. On August, 1859, for attendance on the General Council, thethe whole, the Committee are disposed to recommend that Executive Committee and the Branch General Council, forMr Webster be registered Executive Committee, and the Branch Councils, and also forMr. Webster be registered. registration on a surgical licence travelling expenses, which was approved of by the Commis-Antoine Rischauck claims registration on a surgical licence sioners of her Majesty’s Treasury, be adhered to, until alteredfrom the Medical Faculty of Vienna. There was produced to by the Council." s Treasury, be adhered to, until alteredthe Committee a letter from the Dean of the College of Doctors 9. Moved by Dr. Burrows, seconded by Dr. Andrew Wood,of the Medical Faculty of Vienna, stating that Mr. Rischanck 9. Moved by Dr Burrows, seconded by members of the’ absolved the medical and chirurgical course of study formed and agreed to,- That the non-resident members of tne

for the purpose of educating country surgeons; he studied for General Medical Council shall be paid hotel expenses for everythree years, and passed his examination on the 28th January, Sunday while in London on the business of the Council

T

1838, as Patron of Surgery and Midwifery (surgeon and ao. 10. Moved by Mr. Lawrence, and seconded by Mr. Nussey,

coucheur); he took his oath, and possesses a diploma of the That the resolution proposed bay Mr. Syme, No. 3, insame date.’-Recommended for registration. No. 21 of the minutes of the General Council be rescinded."-

"Albert Gunther, M. A., Dr. Phil., Tubingen-diploma in Negatived. following .

Medicine and Surgery from the Medical Council of Stuttgart.- Dr. Cliristison presented the followingRecommended for registration. Report on the Mode of conducting the Business of the"Theodore Giinther; Emil Becher; Charles Milner-ob- Council:-

tained their degrees of Doctors of Medicine at Tubingen, after The Committee appointed on the 20th of June, to extractregular examination, and are recommended for registration. from the Minutes of Council such regulations as have been"Jonathan Sibley-obtained his degree of M.D. from the passed by the Council for conducting the business of the Council,University of New York, after examination.-Recommended and to report such alterations and new regulations as mayfor registration.

_ , , _ God. , frey , . , appear to the committee to be advisable,-have to report, that" Frederic Hancorne Prytherch ; James Godfrey--obtained the Minutes contain the followingtheir degrees after regular examination, at Heidelberg.--Re- , .commended for registration.

" Resolutions passed by the General Council for conducting" Michael Lambton Este, in addition to his titles already Business:-

registered, wishes to be registered as M.D. of Erfurt: diploma 1. That the General Council shall meet each day at twoproduced. -Recommended to be registered. P.M., and shall not sit after six P.M. (August 3rd, 1859, p. 4.)

"Daniel B. Bascombe claims registration, as M.D. of the ’’2. It is expedient that the proceedings of the Council beUniversity of Pennsylvania. The Dean of the Medical Faculty recorded in writing, in a book to be kept for that purpose.has failed to satisfy the Council that his degree was obtained (August 10th, 1S59, p. 9.)after regular examination, it is therefore recommended that 3. That the Minutes of each Meeting of the Council, asthe consideration of this case be delayed; but that power be well as all Notices of Motions, be printed, and transmitted togiven to the Branch Council for England to register Dr. Bas- each Member of the Council. (Nov. 23rd, IS58, p. 3.)combe, should they be satisfied meanwhile that he was duly 4. That the Minutes of the several Meetings of the Councilexamined. shall contain simply such Resolutions and Amendments as have

" The following qualifications are recommended to be re- been proposed and adopted, or negativecl, with the name of thejected :- proposer and seconder, and without any comment or obser-

c’ William Hitchman, M.D. of the Protestant University of vation of members annexed. (Nov. 21th, 1858, p. 1.)Bavaria, without examination. " 5. That a programme of the subjects which it is the inten-"Theodore Bloomenthal, M.D. Wuizburg, obtained after tion of members of the Medical Council to bring forward, be

the passing of the Medical Act. forthwith prepared by the Registrar, be printed and distributedWilliam Ledger Erson claims to be registered as a Licen- by him from day to day, as may be required, and that a com-

tiate of Midwifery of the Coombe Lying-in Hospital. mittee be appointed to aid the Registrar. (Aug. 3rd, 1859," A L E X.- Woon- Chairman." P. 4.)

12

"6. That any motion or motions lying over from the pre- agreed to,-" That the decision of the Branch Council forvions day take precedence of new matters, except by special England on appeal in this ca-e be not interfered with."permission of the Council. (Aug. 6th, 18 9, p. 1.) A letter having been read from Dr. Scott, of Boulogne, rela-

"7. That in all cases where a division has taken place, any tive to the registration of J. M. Cookesley,-member of the Council mny require that the names of the ma- 13. Moved by Dr. Alexander Wood, seconded by Dr. A.jority and minority shall be entered on the Minutes. (Aug. Smith, and agreed to,-" That Dr. Scott’s letter be remittedIlth, 1859, p. 2.) to the Branch Council for England."- 44 S. The Business Committee shall report as to the form in ch Dr. A i Wood presented the followingwhich new members shall take their place, both in the Branch Dr. Andrew Wood pre.enter the following

.

Councils and in the General Council. (June 16th, 1860, p. 2.) Report on the forms to be e observed on the iutoodtuction of new"9. That whenever a Branch Council shall refer to the Members of the Medical Council.

General Council the name of any person which it is deemed " The Business Committee, to whom was committed thedesirable to remove from the Register, the Registrar of the duty of preparing a Report as to the forms to be observedGeneral Council shall be authorized to obtain the opinion of when new members take their place on the Branch Councils,counsel on the facts and bearings of the ctse, before it is sub- or on the General Council, beg to report that in their opinionmitted to the General Council; and that such opinion of counsel it is desirable that the following regulations be followed-viz.:shall accompany the statement of the case when it is brought " 1. That it be the duty of the President, on receipt ofbefore the General Council. (Aug. 10th, 1859, p. 9.) intimation of the resignation or death of any member of the

" The committee have considered whether it is desirable to General Medical Council, to cause notice of the same to be sentalter or add to these regulations. They do not propose that the to the Registrar of each of the Branch Councils.Council should alter any of the regulations already passed. "2. That the President, on receiving from any of the bodiesThey think it undesirable to attempt at present to construct a entitled to send representatives to the Medical Council, or, incomplete code of regulations for conducting the business of the the case of members nominated by the Crown, from the PrivyCouncil; that much may be safely left to evident convenience Council, an official notice of the election or nomination of aand well-known usage; and that it will be sufficient to pro- new member, or of new members, announce the same to thevide, by additional regulations, for those points in the conduct Registrar of each Branch Council.of business which have become the subject of serious difference "3. That the Registrar summon the person so elected orof opinion amongst the members. nominated to the iirst meeting of the Branch Council to be heldThese are two in number: lst, the mode of dealing with after such announcement, and before the new member present

motions and amendments; and, 2nd, the reception of protests. himself at such meeting, the President’s notification of his" (1.) As to the mode of dealing with motions and amend- election or nomination be read, that he then be introduced to

ments, the committee find that three usages prevail in various the meeting by some member of the Branch Council.public bodies in the three divisions of the United Kingdom. 4. That the same forms be observed in the case of personsOne of these has been adopted, and extended into precise rules, who have or have not taken their seat in the Branch Council,by the London University Convocation. As these rules have when they take their seat for the first time in the Generalbeen found by the Convocation to answer well in practice, and Council.appear to the committee well fitted to bring out the sense of

*

(Signed) ANDREW WoOD, Chairman."such meetings as those of the General Medical Council, theyare now recommended for adoption, as follows:- 14. Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Dr. Embleton,

"a. No motion or amendment shall be withdrawn, after and agreed to,-" That the Report of the Business Committeebeing put from the Chair, except by leave of the meeting. on the forms to be observed on the introduction of new mem-

" b. Any number of amendments may be moved. bers into the Branch Councils and General Council be received"c. If there is but one amendment, the amendment shall be and adopted."

the first question put to the vote; and in any case where a 15. Moved by Dr. A. Smith, seconded by Dr. Corrigan, andmotion and more than one amendment shall be before a meet- agreed to,-" That the Registrar be instructed to have theing of the Council, the first question put to the vote shall be Standing Orders of the General Medical Council printed, and’That the original motion be amended.’ circulated amongst the members of the Council.""d. In the case of there being but one amendment, if such 16. Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Dr. Corrigan,

amendment be lost, or if, in the case of there being several, and agreed to,-" That the best thanks of this Council areit be carried that the original motion be not amended, the eminently due. and are hereby offered, to the Royal College oforiginal motion shall then be put to the vote. Physicians of London for their obliging and courteous accom-e. If it be carried that the original motion be amended, the modation during the present session of the Medical Council."

amendments shall be put to the vote in the order in which 17. Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Mr. Teale,they shall have been moved. and agreed to,-" That a gratuity of ten guineas be given to

"f. No discussion and no amendment shall be allowed after the servants of the Royal College of Physicians of London."the first question has been put to the vote. A letter having been read from Mr. Nussey, intimating hisThis mode of procedure differs from the mode recommended resignation of the office of Treasurer of the General Medical

from their experience by the Scotch members of Council only Council,in so far as it is the practice in the bodies with which they are 18. Moved by Dr. Storrar, seconded by Sir Chas. Hastings,connected to put the last amendment first. The Committee and agreed to,-" That the Council record their gratefuldo not consider it material which of the two ways of putting acknowledgment of Mr. Nussey’s most valuable services."the vote is adopted. But they think either of them better 19. Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Dr. Embleton,fitted to bring out the true sense of a meeting of such a body and agreed to,-" That Dr. Burrows be elected as Treasurer,as the Council, than the third which has been brought under in room of Mr. Nussey." "the Committee’s notice; according to which no amendment 20. Moved by Dr. AndrewWood, seconded by Dr. Embleton,can be put to the vote at all, or even so much as minuted, and agreed to,-" That the Executive Committee consist ofunless the previous amendment, or the motion itself, be with- the President, Sir James Clark, Dr. Burrovrs, Mr. Nussey, Dr.drawn. Acland." "

" (2.) As to protests, the Committee consider it very un- 21. Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Mr. Teale,desirable that these should appear on the minutes when they and agreed to,-" That in the event of a vacancy, or vacancies,can be avoided. But, on mature consideration, they are of occurring during the recess in the Executive Committee, theyopinion that the right of a minority to protest, and to have be empowered to elect a successor or successors."their protest entered in the minutes, is a right which cannot Mr. Green having quitted the chair,

.

be refused, without risk of substantial injustice to the minority, 22. Moved by Dr. Burrows, seconded by Dr. A. Smith, andand eventual damage to this Council in its relations to the agreed to,--" That Dr. Stokes take the chair."public. "R. CHRISTISON, Chairman." 23. Moved by Dr. Acland, seconded by Dr. Corrigan, and

... agreed to unanimously,-" That Mr. Green be elected as Pre-11. Moved by Dr. Christison, seconded by Dr. A. Smith, sident of the General Medical Council."

and agreed to,-" That the report of the Committee on the Mr. Green then took the cha;r, as President.mode of conducting the business of the Council be received, 24. Moved by Dr. Andrew Wood, seconded by Dr. Emble-and printed in the minutes." ton and agreed to -" ’1 hat the Council now resolve itself intoA letter having been read which had been received from the a Committee of the whole Council on Education."

Devonport Registration Association, relative to the registrationof Edwin Bishop,- The Council having resumed, Mr. Teale brought up the fol-

12. Moved by Dr. Storrar, seconded by Dr. Christison, and lowing

13

Report of the General, Committee on Education."The Committee on Education, composed of the whole

Council, have held several meetings during this session ofCouncil, the minutes of which are herewith presented.

" The Committee recommend the Council to defer for thepresent the consideration of the subject of the Visitation ofExaminations,’ regarding which the Minutes contain a fullReport from a Sub-Committee."The resolutions agreed to by the Committee, which they

recommend the General Council to adopt, are as follows:--"I. General Ecltzcation and Examination. -The Medical

Council are of opinion that it is desirable," 1. That all students pass an examination in general educa-

tion before they commence their professional studies."2. That, as far as may be practicable, testimonials of pro-

ficiency granted by the National Educational Bodies, accordingto the following list, be accepted, with such additions as theMedical Council may from time to time think proper to make.A degree in Arts of any University of the United Kingdom, orof the colonies, or of such other Universities as may be speciallyrecognised from time to time by the Medical Council; OxfordResponsions or Moderations; Cambridge previous Examina-tions ; Matriculation Examination of the University of London ;Oxford Middle-class Examinations, Senior and Junior; Cam-bridge Middle-class Examinations, Senior and Junior; DurhamMiddle-class Examinations, Senior and Junior; Durham Exa-minations for students in Arts in their second and first years;Queen’s University, Ireland, two years’ Arts course for thediploma of Licentiate in Arts-Preliminary Examinations atthe end of the A.B. course, Middle-class Examinations, Ma-

triculation Examinations; Dublin University Entrance Exami.nation ; an examination by any other University of the UnitedKingdom, equivalent to the Middle-class Examinations of Ox-

ford and Cambridge.’’ 3. That the examination on general education be eventuallyleft entirely to the examining boards of the national educa-tional bodies recognised by the Medical Council.

" 4. That students who cannot produce any of the testimo-nials referred to in the second resolution, be required to passan examination in Arts, established by any of the bodiesnamed in Schedule A of the Medical Act, and approved bythe General Council; provided that such examination shall be,in every case, conducted by a special board of examiners inArts.

" 5. That without professing to lay down any completescheme of general education for persons intending to becomemembers of the medical profession, the Committee recommendthat the scheme of examination in Arts of the licensing bodiesbe, as nearly as practicable, similar to that of any one of thenational educational bodies above specified.

" 6. That after October Ist, 1860, all medical students berequired to be registered.

" 7. That the lists of students registered be closed withinfifteen days after the commencement of each session or term.

"8. That no student beginning professional study afterSeptember, 1861, be registered, who has not passed an Artsexamination, in conformity with resolution 2 or 4.

" 9. That the several bodies in Schedule (A) of the MedicalAct, either jointly or severally, open a register for studentscommencing their studies in Medicine, in the form annexed.

" 10. That the said Register be opened on the first day ofeach session or term, and remain open for fifteen days; andthat within seven days after its close, the officer in charge berequired to transmit a duly-authenticated copy thereof to theRegistrar of the Branch Council of that division of the UnitedKingdom to which the body or bodies belong. r.

" 11. That the Registrar of the Branch Council lay the listbefore the Branch Council, in order that the Branch Councilmay take whatever steps may seem necessary to secure itsaccuracy; and that it thereafter be transmitted, with any re-marks by the Branch Council thereon, to the Executive Com-mittee.

" 12. That the Executive Committee shall arrange these re-turns, and publish annually an alphabetical list of the namescontained in them.

" 13. That the licensing bodies shall have power to admitexceptions as to the time of registration, if satisfactory to them,and shall transmit lists of such exceptions to the BranchCouncil of the part of the United Kingdom in which such ex-ceptions have been granted, with the grounds stated.

" 14. That the various educational and licensing bodies berequested to transmit to the Registrar of the General Council,returns, embodying any alterations which they may from timeto time introduce into their courses of general study and ex-aminations, which qualify for the registration of medicalstudents.

"II. Professional Education.-15. That the age of twenty-one be the earliest age at which any professional licence shallbe obtained.

" 16. That four years of professional study be required, afterthe examination in general education.

"III. Professional Examinations. - 17. That the profes-sional examinations be divided into at least two distinct parts;that the first be not undergone until after the termination oftwo years of study; and the final examination not until afterthe termination of four years of study.- " 18. That the first professional examination be conductedpartly in writing and Dartlv viv&acirc; 1.’oce: and that such Darts as

admit of it be made as practical and demonstrative as may bepossible.

" 19. That the second examination be conducted partly inwriting, partly vivic voce, and practically as far as may be con-venient and attainable.

"20. That the professional examinations be held by theseveral licensing bodies (except in special cases) at statedperiods, to be publicly notified.

"21. That returns from the licensing bodies under Schedule(A) be made annually, on the 1st of January, to the GeneralMedical Council, stating the number and names of the candi-dates who have passed their respective final examinations, andthe number of those who have been rejected."

" The General Medical Council having, in the course of lastyear, expressed their opinion on the manner in which thegeneral education of medical students ought to be obtained,and stated the principles which appeared to them proper forthe regulation of professional examinations, consider it unde-sirable, during the present session, to enter upon any detailsupon the so-called higher degrees and qualifications.

" But, at the same time, they would record their opinion,that it is not desirable that any university of the United King-dom should confer a degree in Medicine, whether that ofBachelor or Doctor, upon candidates who have not graduatedin Arts, or passed all the examinations required for theBachelorship in Arts, or the examinations equivalent to thoserequired for a degree in Arts."

"

25. Moved by Dr. Corrigan, seconded by Mr. Lawrence,and agreed to,-" That the foregoing report be adopted."The Council then adjourned.

Confirmed-JOSEPH HENRY GREEN.Mr. GREEN, President, took the chair, at half-past six

o’clock P.M.Present-Dr. Embleton, Dr. Andrew Wood, Dr. Alexander

Wood, Mr. Watt, Dr. A. Smith, Dr. Apjohn, Dr. Corrigan,Mr. Lawrence, Mr. Teale., The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.