General data about General data about remediation of polluted remediation of polluted
soilssoilsSakari Halmemies, DSc (Tech)Sakari Halmemies, DSc (Tech)
7 May 20097 May 2009
CONTENTCONTENT
• European statistics on soil pollution
• Activities and chemicals that cause pollution
• Finnish system for determination of soil pollution
• Three main approaches to remediation
European statistics on soil European statistics on soil pollutionpollution
• 750.000 polluted sites in Europe(Haavisto 2008)
• soil contamination is number one problem for more than 60 % of Europeans(Ademe, Polluted sites and soils)
Fig: Ekokem’s instruction 2/07
Soil polluting activities from localised sources as % of total
(European Environmental Agency, 2001)
Activities and chemicals that Activities and chemicals that cause pollutioncause pollution
• Distribution and storage of fuels
• Sawmills and impregnating plants
• Industry• Service of motor
vehicles• Gardens • Shooting places
• Waste treatment• Chemical laundry• Power plants• Car salvage yards• Boat lacquers• Mines
Distribution and storage of fuelsDistribution and storage of fuels returnreturn
Oil products, fuels
MTBEFig. http://gallery.kuukuna.net/gallery/v/Raskaskalustoa-merkeitt_in/album32/Union_huoltamo.jpg.html
Sawmills and impregnating Sawmills and impregnating plantsplants returnreturn
Chlorophenols
CCA compounds
PAH compounds
Fig. http://www.tamk.fi/kmo/images/diat/saha.jpg
Industry Industry returnreturn
Heavy metals
PAH compounds PCB compounds
Cyanides
Oil products
Arsenic
Fig. http://www.npe.fi/service.cntum?serviceType=serviceDocumentSection&documentId=13506
Service of motor vehiclesService of motor vehiclesreturnreturn
Oil products
Fats
Heavy metals
Fig. http://www.dillstrom.fi/media/korjaamo230px.jpg
GardensGardens returnreturn
Pesticides
Heavy metals Arsenic
Oil products
Fig. http://www.puutarhasuokukka.fi/puutarha500px.jpg
Shooting placesShooting places returnreturn
Lead
Antimony
PAH compounds
Fig. http://www.venetpalo.net/ampumarata.JPG
Waste treatmentWaste treatment returnreturn
Heavy metals
Cyanides
Solvents
Fig. http://www.rosknroll.fi/@Bin/1628879/Munkkaa.jpeg
Chemical laundryChemical laundry returnreturn
Trichlororethylene
Tetrachlororethylene
Fig. http://lighterfootstep.com.s25460.gridserver.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/laundry_dryers_620.jpg
Power plantsPower plants returnreturn
PAH compounds
Dioxin and furanes
Acidic oxides (NOx, SO2)
Fig. http://www.toinenlinja.fi/photos/web/00/00953.jpg
Car salvage yardsCar salvage yards returnreturn
Heavy metals
Oils, acids
PAH compoundsPCB compounds
Cyanides
Fig. http://www.savonsanomat.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/romuta-autosi-ja-saat-alennusta-autokaupassa(120442).ece
Boat lacquersBoat lacquers returnreturn
TBT compounds
Fig. http://www.elisanet.fi/teemu.suuronen/puuvene/halli_4.jpg
Mines Mines
Heavy metals
Fig. http://www.spj.fi/ppk/kuvat/v_k_kostamuksen_avolouhos.jpg
Finnish assessment for Finnish assessment for determination of soil pollutiondetermination of soil pollution
Source: Assessment of soil pollution and need for remediation
PollutedUnpolluted
Unpolluted, but higher
pollutant concentrations
exist
Treshold valueLower advisory value
-exceeding of treashold value starts general risk assessment
-exceeding of lower advisory value starts closer risk assessment =>
a) risk can be accepted b) site has to be remediated
Three main approaches to Three main approaches to remediationremediation
– OFF SITE • soil or groundwater is transported
somewhere to be treated– ON SITE
• polluted masses are excavated and treated on site in transportable treatment plant
– IN SITU • treatment takes place without excavation
SourcesSources• Ademe, Polluted sites and soils
http://www.motorchallenge.fr/servlet/KBaseShow?sort=-1&cid=96&m=3&catid=17583
• Assessment of soil pollution and need for remediation. In Finnish. Instruction of Environmental Ministry. Draft 20 April 2007.
• Ekokem’s instruction 2/07, In Finnish. http://www.ekokem.fi/attachments/ekokemin_ohjeet/0207_pilaantuneen_maan_kunnostus.pdf
• European Environmental Agency, 2001http://themes.eea.europa.eu/Specific_media/soil/indicators/sources/YIR01SO01.pdf
• Haavisto Teija, Data bank for soil status, Syke, Soili-seminar 7.-8. May 2008, In Finnish.