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Environmental Problems
Population growth Wasteful use of resources Destruction and degradation of wildlife
habitats Extinction of plants and animals Poverty Pollution
Human Activity has modified or disturbed __% of the earth’s land.
73% 27% remains intact and undisturbed.
However, this number is always decreasing.
Environment Solar and earth capital; sun’s energy, air water, animals, and plants, minerals, natural purification, recycling (natural and artificial), and pest control
Sustainable Society
Manages its economy and population size without exceeding all or part of the planet's ability to absorb the environmental insults and replenish
Use only what is needed and replenishes what is taken
Population Growth and the Wealth Gap
Types of societies and the differences this has on both population and the environment
MDC—More Developed Country
A country who’s standard of living is similar to the US.
Industrialized or post-industrial societies Which countries can you think of that fall
into this category?
LDC—Less Developed Countries
Countries who have a much lower standard of living than the US or at least most of the residents have this lower standard of living.
Can you think of countries that fall into this category?
Population Explosion
Although the global population rate is between 2-5%, the consequences of an increasing population of billions of people has become a key issue in many areas and has lead to some countries having reproductive law to decrease population growth.
The population statistics—people living on the planet at the same time. 60,000 years ago = 1 billion humans 130 years ago = 2 billion 30 years ago = 3 billion 15 years ago = 4 billion 12 years ago = 5 billion 6 years ago = 6 billion 2 years ago = 7 billion
What caused these jumps in population?
10,000 to 12,000 years ago the Agricultural Revolution began
275 years ago the Industrial Revolution What effect does this lifestyle have on
population? How does this tie into a sustainable
society?
GNP Gross National Product
Market value in current dollars of all goods and services produced within and consumed within a product. Imported and exported goods
Population Change
For the planet: Births – deaths = population change For a country: Births + immigrations – (deaths +
emigrations) = population change
ZPG and NPG
To achieve Zero Population Growth, what needs to happen?
How could the planet or a country achieve NEGATIVE population growth?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Average number of children that a woman will have during her childbearing years
What are factors that would affect TFR in a given country?
Traditions Education Marriage Divorce Religion Health Available contraception
Other factors influencing birth rates:
Children as labor Urbanization Cost of raising/educating children Infant mortality Average marrying age
Other factors influencing birth rates
Private and public pensions Availability of abortion Reliable birth control Religious beliefs Tradition Culture
Effects on Death Rates
Life expectancy Health care Technology Preventative medicine Working conditions Retirement Infant mortality
Renewable or Perpetual
Continues without any artificial support Can you think of any examples of this
type of resource? Solar energy Wind Energy Water Energy Water purification (low yields)
Potentially Renewable
Resources that can be renewed but they must be replaced at the rate at which they are being used
Can you think of examples of this? Trees Grass Animals Lakes Soil
Sustainable Yield
Rate at which a potentially renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing available supply
Nonrenewable Resource A resource in fixed
quantity that may take too long to replace to be effective
Can you think of any examples of this type of resource?
Coal Oil Natural gas Uranium
Iron Copper AluminumSaltClaySandphosphates
Biodiversity
Different life forms that can survive the variety of conditions currently found on earth
Problems that cause degradation
Common Property Resources Prevention Private ownership Open (no owner or not maintained)
spaces Controlled spaces—places that are
under control of a legal entity
Pollution
Any addition to air, water, soil, or food that threatens the health, survival, or activities of a living organism
Two sources of polluion
Point Source—the source is identifiable
Can you think of examples of this?
Nonpoint source—sources are general and not readily identified.
Can you think of any of these?
Characteristics that make a type of pollution harmful
Chemical Nature Concentration Persistence
Degradable (less than 10 years) Slowly Degradable (more than 10 years) Nondegradable (over 250 years)