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GeneralKnowledge

Capsule

SUP-9011/13

Page 1General Knowledge Capsule

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Geography

1. Consider the following statements:I. The part of the Himalayas lying between

Satluj and Kali rivers is known as PunjabHimalayas.

II. The part of Himalayas lying between Tistaand Dihang rivers is known as AssamHimalayas.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) I (b) II(c) I and II (d) none

2. The northern part of the western coastal plainsof India is also known as:(a) Northern Circar (b) Malabar coast(c) Kannad Plain (d) Konkan

3. Which is the largest drainage basin in theworld?(a) Nile basin (b) Amazon basin(c) Congo basin (d) Mississippi basin

4. The pattern formed when a river is joined byits tributaries at approximately right anglesis known as:(a) trellis pattern(b) dendritic pattern(c) rectangular pattern(d) radial pattern

5. Which of the following states does not shareits boundary with Nepal?(a) Bihar (b) Uttar Pradesh(c) West Bengal (d) Jharkhand

6. The northern plains of India are formed of:(a) alluvial soil (b) red yellow soil(c) black soil (d) laterite soil

7. Which of the following is the highest peak ofthe Western Ghats?(a) Doda Betta (b) Anamudi(c) Javadi Hills (d) Shevroy Hills

8. Consider the following statements:I. The bhabhar belt of the northern plains

lies south of the terai belt.II. The streams and rivers re-emerge in the

terai belt of the northern plains.


9. Which of the following is not a tributary of theIndus river?(a) Shyok (b) Zaskar(c) Nubri (d) Lohit

10. Consider the following statements:I. Plants take in carbon dioxide through the

roots.II. Plants exhibit transpiration through

stomata.


11. Consider the following statements:I. The Central Highlands lie north of the

Narmada river.II. The Deccan Trap is made up of

metamorphic rocks.


12. Consider the following statements:I. Khadar belt of the northern plains of India

is formed of older alluvium.II. The Eastern Ghats are higher than the

Western Ghats.


13. Which is the outermost Himalayan ranges(towards India)?(a) Shiwaliks (b) Himadri(c) Panjal (d) Dhaula Dhar

Page 2 General Knowledge Capsule


14. Consider the following statements:A : Plants absorb nitrogen through soil.R : Plants cannot absorb nitrogen in the

gaseous form.

Choose the correct option out of the following(a) if A and B both are true and B is the right

reason for A(b) if A and B both are true but B is not the

right reason for A(c) A is true but not B(d) B is true but not A

15. Consider the following statements:I. According to the Indus Water Treaty, India

can use 60% of the total water carried bythe Indus river system.

II. Before entering India, the Brahmaputratakes a U turn.


16. Which of the following is a distributary of riverGanga?(a) Teesta (b) Hooghly(c) Damodar (d) Saraswti

17. Which of the following is mass wasting?(a) the various kinds of uphill movements

occurring on earth due to the platecollisions.

(b) the various kinds of uphill movementsoccurring on earth due to the gravitationalpull from moon.

(c) the various kinds of downhill movementsoccurring under the pull of gravity.

(d) melting of icebergs due to global warming.

18. The Moho discontinuity is the:(a) boundary between earth’s crust and

earth’s mantle.(b) boundary between earth’s mantle and

earth’s core.(c) lower layer of the earth’s mantle(d) upper layer of the earth’s core.

19. Consider the following statements about theEarth:I. The outer core is solid while the inner core

is in liquid state.II. Being composed mainly of non metals like

carbon, sulphur and hydrogen, the earth’score is also known as the non metalliccore.


20. Consider the following statements:I. Density of rocks increases as we go down

from the crust to the core of the earth.II. The continental crust is less dense than

the oceanic crust.


21. The most abundant element of the earth’scrust is:(a) Silicon (b) Oxygen(c) Aluminium (d) Iron

22. Which of the following is not a metamorphicrock?(a) Gneiss (b) Slate(c) Granite (d) Marble

23. Consider the following statements:I. The continental crust of the earth is thinner

than the oceanic crust.II. The asthenosphere is a layer found at the

top of the upper mantle.


24. Consider the following statements:I. Metamorphic rocks are also called

primary or basic rocksII. Igneous rocks are formed when magma

cools and solidifies.




25. Consider the following statements:I. Shale is a result of metamorphosis of

igneous rocks.II. Himalayas are result of collision of

continental plates.


26. Consider the following statements:I. The San Andreas fault is a result of

collision between oceanic and continentalplates.

II. The inner core of the earth is made mostlyof copper and zinc.


27. Which of the following is the deepest lake inthe world?(a) Caspian sea (b) Vostok lake(c) Baikal lake (d) Pinatubo lake

28. Consider the following statements:I. The Pamir Knot is the meeting place of

many Himalayan rivers.II. The Pamir Knot is located to the south of

Mount Everest.


29. Which of the following is the second highestpeak in the world?(a) Kanchenjunga (b) K2(c) Lhotse (d) Nanga Parbat

30. Which of the following is the coldest place inthe northern hemisphere?(a) Tomsk (b) Verkhoyansk(c) Irkutsk (d) Nunavut

31. Five nautical miles are equal to:(a) 8 km (b) 9.26 km(c) 12.6 km (d) 16 km

32. The Exclusive Economic Zone shall notextend beyond:(a) 200 km (b) 280.6 km(c) 320.6 km (d) 370.4 km

33. In terms of the installed capacity of windenergy, which of the following states is at thetop in India?(a) Gujarat (b) Kerala(c) Tamil Nadu (d) Madhya Pradesh

34. In wind power generation:(a) Kinetic energy is converted into electrical

energy(b) Potential energy is converted into

electrical energy(c) Thermal energy is converted into kinetic

energy(d) Potential energy is converted into thermal

energy

35. Which of the following Indian states has thehighest bauxite reserve?(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Jharkhand(c) Chhattisgarh (d) Odisha

36. Which of the following statements is correct?(a) Net Sown Area is known as gross cropped

area.(b) Area sown more than once in an

agricultural year plus gross cropped areais also known as Net Sown Area.

(c) Area sown more than once in anagricultural year plus net sown area isknown as Gross Cropped Area.

(d) Net Sown Area is more than GrossCropped Area.



37. Saurashtra has mostly:(a) red soil (b) alluvial soil(c) black soil (d) laterite soil

38. Consider the following statements:I. The total surface area covered by plateaus

is more than the total surface areacovered by plains in India.

II. After independence, National ForestPolicy was first set up in 1988.


39. Consider the following statements:I. The Rose-ringed Parakeet is an endemic

bird in India.II. Indian wild ass is an endangered species.


40. The Buxa Tiger Reserve is located in:(a) Odisha (b) West Bengal(c) Rajasthan (d) Gujarat

41. Dolomite is an ore of:(a) Magnesium (b) Manganese(c) Aluminium (d) Iron

42. Who wrote the book ‘Small is Beautiful?’(a) Harlem Brundtland(b) Ernst Friedrich Schumacher(c) Mahatma Gandhi(d) Amartya Sen

43. Consider the following statements:I. In India hydroelectric power contributes

more than half of the total electricityproduced.

II. More than 50 % of world’s total freshwateris stored as groundwater.


44. Consider the following statements:I. Fossil fuels are non renewable but

recyclable resources.II. All renewable resources are inexhaustible

resources.


45. Consider the following statements:I. The Net Sown Area is just less than 50 %

of the total surface area in Punjab andHaryana.

II. In India, there is no appropriate technologyto harness stock resources.


46. The headquarters of the International Unionfor Conservation of Nature and NaturalResources is in:(a) Switzerland(b) Austria(c) France(d) United States of America

47. Which of the following is now on the verge ofextinction?(a) Madhuca Insignis(b) Azadirachta Indica(c) Prosopis Juliflora(d) Acacia nilotica

48. Consider the following statements:I. The State of Forest Report does not

differentiate between natural forests andplantations.

II. Indian Rhino is an endangered species.




49. “Mithun” a cattle breed is found in:(a) Rajasthan(b) Maharashtra(c) Arunachal Pradesh(d) Kerala

50. The Chipko movement was practised to stop:(a) illegal acquisition of land(b) deforestation(c) hunting of tigers(d) illegal indigo plantation.

51. Which of the following former Prime Ministerspronounced the dams as the ‘temples ofmodern India’?(a) Indira Gandhi(b) Jawaharlal Nehru(c) Lal Bahadur Shastri(d) Morarji Desai

52. Which of the following countries is the largestproducer of rice in the world?(a) India (b) China(c) Russia (d) Brazil

53. Who started the Bhoodan-Gramdanmovement in 1951?(a) Vinoba Bhave (b) Mahatma Gandhi(c) Sarojini Naidu (d) Vallabhbhai Patel

54. Rearing of silkworms is known as:(a) horticulture (b) apiculture(c) sericulture (d) pisciculture

55. Consider the following statements:I. ‘Operation Flood’ was launched by the

Government of India in 1970 to control thedamage caused by floods in India.

II. Rubber plant is an equatorial crop.


56. Which of the following is mined in theBadampahar mines in Odisha?(a) Hematite (b) Bauxite(c) Dolomite (d) Azurite

57. Mica is presently not mined in which of thefollowing states?(a) Rajasthan (b) Andhra Pradesh(c) Bihar (d) Punjab

58. Anthracite is a kind of:(a) iron (b) virus(c) coal (d) pesticide

59. The Musi and the Bhima are tributaries of river:(a) Krishna (b) Kaveri(c) Mahanadi (d) Brahmaputra

60. Which of the following is the deepest point inthe world?(a) Puerto Rico Trench(b) Mariana Trench(c) Java Trench(d) Eurasia Basin

61. The Tropic of Cancer, the Equator and theTropic of Capricorn all pass through continentX. What is X?(a) Africa(b) Asia(c) Both Africa and Asia(d) None

62. North America is linked to South America bya very narrow strip of land called:(a) the Isthmus of Mexico(b) the Isthmus of Panama(c) the Isthmus of Costa Rica(d) the Isthmus of Honduras

63. What is the ascending order of the followingin terms of area covered?(a) Indian Ocean - Arctic Ocean - Atlantic

Ocean - Pacific Ocean(b) Atlantic Ocean - Arctic Ocean - Indian

Ocean - Pacific Ocean(c) Arctic Ocean - Indian Ocean - Atlantic

Ocean - Pacific Ocean(d) Indian Ocean - Arctic Ocean - Pacific

Ocean - Atlantic Ocean



64. Arctic Ocean is connected with the PacificOcean by a narrow stretch of shallow waterwhich is known as:(a) Strait of Dover (b) Strait of Gibraltar(c) Bab-el-Mandeb (d) Berring Strait

65. Which is the longest mountain range in theworld?(a) Andes (b) Rocky Mountains(c) Himalayas (d) Great Diving Range

66. Which mountain range separates Europe fromAsia?(a) Andes (b) Alps(c) Ural Mountains (d) Rocky Mountains

67. The Indian Standard Time is calculated froma clock tower located in:(a) Kolkata (b) Bhopal(c) Mirzapur (d) New Delhi

68. Which of the following are found in tropicalrain forests of India?(a) Ebony and Teak(b) Ebony and Rosewood(c) Mahogany and Sal(d) Sal and Shisham

69. Sundari is a well-known species of trees foundin:(a) Mangrove forests(b) Tropical deciduous forests(c) Tropical rain forests(d) Himalayan mountains

70. Wild goats are found in:(a) Himalayan region(b) Rann of Kachchh(c) Great Indian Desert(d) Sundarbans

71. What is the third most abundant gas in earth’satmosphere?(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Argon(c) Hydrogen (d) Helium

72. You are in Karnataka and moving in thedirection of the Pole Star. Highest probabilityis that you will reach X first as you exit fromKarnataka. What is X?(a) Andhra Pradesh(b) Maharashtra(c) Tamil Nadu(d) Arabian Sea

73. Which planet is considered as ‘Earth’s-Twin’?(a) Venus (b) Mercurey(c) Mars (d) Saturn

74. Which of the following rivers are west flowing?(a) Mahanadi (b) Godavari(c) Narmada (d) Krishna

75. The highest waterfall in the world is:(a) Iguazu Falls (b) Niagara Falls(c) Victoria Falls (d) Angel Falls

76. Tropical grasslands in Brazil are known as:(a) Campos (b) Llanos(c) Pampas (d) Prairie

77. Taiga are found in which of the followingplaces?(a) South Africa (b) Russia(c) Egypt (d) Indonesia

78. Ox-bow is a type of:(a) Tree (b) Grass(c) Lake (d) None of the above

79. According to the 2011 Human DevelopmentReport, which of the following countries hasthe highest Human Development Index (HDI)?(a) Sri Lanka (b) India(c) China (d) Bangladesh

80. Tawa Matsya Sangh is a cooperative offisherworkers in:(a) Madhya Pradesh(b) Assam(c) Orissa(d) Kerala



81. Manas Tiger Reserve is located in whichIndian state?(a) Assam (b) Madhya Pradesh(c) Rajasthan (d) Uttaranchal

82. Which is the only state in India which hasmade roof top rainwater harvesting structurecompulsory for every single house in thestate?(a) Tamil Nadu (b) Kerala(c) Karnataka (d) Orissa

83. Aus, Aman and Boro are crop varieties of:(a) Wheat (b) Maize(c) Rice (d) Bajra

84. Which of the following pairs is wronglymatched?(a) Paddy : Kharif (b) Wheat : Rabi(c) Jute : Rabi (d) Cotton : Kharif

85. Which of the following is the largest producerof jowar in India?(a) Maharashtra (b) Punjab(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Karnataka

86. Which is the longest national highway inIndia?(a) National Highway-7(b) National Highway-8(c) National Highway-12(d) National Highway-15

87. National Highway-1 is also known as:(a) Jawaharlal Nehru Marg(b) Qutub Uddin Marg(c) Sher Shah Suri Marg(d) Maharana Pratap Marg

88. The East-West Corridor highway project isfrom:(a) Silcher to Porbander(b) Silcher to New Bhuj(c) Itanagar to New Bhuj(d) Itanagar to Porbander

89. The North-South Corridor highway crosses theEast-West Corridor highway in:(a) Bhopal (b) Jhansi(c) Jabalpur (d) Gwalior

90. The Indian Railways is divided into how manyzones?(a) 4 (b) 8(c) 12 (d) 17

91. Which of the following is the premier iron oreexporting port of India?(a) Kandla port(b) Marmagao port(c) Kochchi port(d) Jawaharlal Nehru port

92. Consider the following statements:III. Oil India Limited is a wholly public sector

undertaking.IV. Cryolite is an iron ore.


93. Which of the following countries is the largestexporter of jute in the world?(a) India (b) Pakistan(c) Bangladesh (d) Thailand

94. Which of the following countries has thehighest average population density in theworld (with population above 10 million)?(a) India (b) Bangladesh(c) Japan (d) Pakistan

95. Consider the following statements:III. Toothpastes contain fluoride which

reduces cavity.IV. Odisha is the largest producer of

manganese ores in India.




96. Consider the following statements:III. Lignite is a low grade manganese ore.IV. About 300 kg of manganese is required

to manufacture one tonne of steel.


97. Which of the following is the oldest petroleumproducing state in India?(a) Gujarat (b) Assam(c) Maharashtra (d) Rajasthan

98. Rawatbhata power station is a:(a) nuclear power station(b) coal based thermal power station(c) hydroelectric power station(d) natural gas based thermal power station

99. Consider the following statements:I. Sabarmati is a west flowing river.II. Hemavati and Kabini are tributaries of river

Kaveri.


100. Monazite sands rich in thorium are found in:(a) Kerala (b) Rajasthan(c) Gujarat (d) Chhattisgarh

101. Which of the following is the highest juteproducing state in India?(a) Gujarat (b) Maharashtra(c) West Bengal (d) Karnataka

102. Consider the following statements:III. Recent years have seen a tendency for

the sugar mills to shift and concentrate inthe southern and western states,especially in Maharashtra. This isbecause the cane produced here hashigher sucrose content.

IV. India is the largest producer of sugar inthe world.

Which of the above statements is/are true?(a) I (b) II(c) I and II (d) none

103. Consider the following statements:I. Rabi crops are grown with the offset of

monsoon in India.II. Barley is a rabi crop.


104. Where in Rajasthan is the Bhairodev Dakav“Sonchuri” located?(a) Alwar (b) Ajmer(c) Udaipur (d) Jodhpur

105. Consider the following statements:I. Biogas has higher thermal efficiency than

kerosene.II. Madhya Pradesh is the biggest producer

of copper in India.


106. Bhangar is a type of:(a) Alluvial soil (b) Laterite soil(c) Black soil (d) Red soil

107. The Panchmarhi Biosphere reserve is in:(a) Uttarakhand (b) Karnataka(c) Andhra Pradesh (d) Madhya Pradesh

108. Which Indian state has the largest forest coverin the country?(a) Madhya Pradesh(b) Punjab(c) Maharashtra(d) Kerala

109. Consider the following statements:I. Forest cover in India is less than the net

sown area of the country.II. The forest area in India is just above the

scientific norm of one-third of the total area.




110. Red soils are red in colour due to thepresence:(a) Copper (b) Nickel(c) Iron (d) Manganese

111. Consider the following statements:I. In India, the total protected forest area is

larger than the total reserved forest area.II. Out of the total wasteland area in India,

the forest degraded area is larger than thewater eroded area.


112. Which of the following is not one of the fouridentified Coral Reef areas in India?(a) Gulf of Mannar(b) Gulf of Khambat(c) Gulf of Kutch(d) Lakshadweep Islands

113. Which of the following soils are also knownas regur soils?(a) Red soils (b) Black soils(c) Laterite soils (d) Mountain soils

114. Which Indian state has the highestpercentage of forest cover?(a) Kerala(b) Arunachal Pradesh(c) Mizoram(d) Himachal Pradesh

115. Van Mahotsav in India is celebrated in themonth of:(a) May (b) June(c) July (d) August

116. The Government of India launched ProjectElephant in the year:(a) 1973 (b) 1984(c) 1992 (d) 2001

117. The Central Vigilance Commission of Indiawas set up in:(a) 1951 (b) 1964(c) 1975 (d) 1987

118. Which of the countries is at the top of theHuman Development Index ranking?(a) Germany(b) United States of America(c) Norway(d) Australia

119. Which of the following is the highest producerof rubber in India?(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu(c) Tripura (d) Assam

120. According to the Census of India 2011, theIndian state with lowest sex ratio is:(a) Rajasthan(b) Haryana(c) Madhya Pradesh(d) Bihar

121. Pick the odd one out:(a) Mediterranean sea(b) Caspian sea(c) Aral sea(d) Dead sea

122. Which of the following is the largest freshwater lake in India?(a) Loktak (b) Dal(c) Barapani (d) Wular

123. Which of the following is a man made lake?(a) Loktak (b) Gobind Sagar(c) Chilika (d) Pulicat

124. Consider the following:I. Providing information to the government

about the crops grown in the areaconcerned.

II. Organising the collection of land revenueIII. Keeping and updating land records like

measurement, ownership, etc.



Which of the above is responsibility of aPatwari?(a) I only (b) II and III(c) I, II and III (d) III only

125. The Kirthar Mountains are located in:(a) Nepal (b) Bangladesh(c) Bhutan (d) Pakistan

126. Which of the following was an initiation takenunder the Wildlife (Protection) AmendmentAct, 1991?(a) For the first time butterflies and moths

were added to the protected species list.(b) For the first time plants were added to

the protected species list.(c) For the first time birds were added to the

protected species list.(d) none of the above

127. Consider the following statements:I. River Son joins the Ganga before river

Chambal.II. River Chambal originates from the

Satpuras.


128. Which of the following pairs of rivers jointogether before flowing into the Bay of Bengal?(a) Godavari and Mahanadi(b) Krishna and Tungabhadra(c) Krishna and Kaveri(d) Tungabhadra and Kaveri

129. Which of the following rivers empties into theGulf of Khambhat?(a) Narmada (b) Godavari(c) Mahanadi (d) Kaveri

130. The south-easternmost tributary of river Indusis:(a) Ravi (b) Sutlej(c) Jhelum (d) Beas

131. Which of the following is the odd one out aswe talk about the direction of flow?(a) Tapi (b) Kaveri(c) Krishna (d) Mahanadi

132. Which one of the following rivers emerges inthe Amarkantak hills?(a) Krishna (b) Kaveri(c) Narmada (d) Godavari

133. Which of the following rivers is also known asTsang Po?(a) Indus (b) Ganga(c) Brahmaputra (d) Mahanadi

134. Which of the following is the odd one out aswe talk about the Indian states in which theserivers originate?(a) Tapi (b) Narmada(c) Godavari (d) Son

135. Which of the following is the largest peninsularriver of India?(a) Kaveri (b) Godavari(c) Krishna (d) Narmada

136. Which of the following rivers makes theSivasamudram falls?(a) Krishna (b) Kaveri(c) Tungabhadra (d) Bhima

137. Mahanadi originates in:(a) Chhattisgarh (b) Jharkhand(c) Uttar Pradesh (d) Uttarakhand

138. The Dhuadhar falls is located on river:(a) Krishna (b) Narmada(c) Godavari (d) Mahanadi

139. Which of the following is not a tributary ofriver Godavari?(a) Purna (b) Manjra(c) Wardha (d) Koyana

140. Which of the following rivers is also known asDakshin Ganga?(a) Godavari (b) Kaveri(c) Krishna (d) Mahanadi



141. Consider the following statements:I. Materials in the environment which have

the potential to satisfy human needs buthuman beings do not have the appropriatetechnology to access them are known aspotential resources.

II. Resources which are found in a region,but have not been utilised are known asstock resources.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) I only (b) II only(c) I and II (d) none

142. The first International Earth Summit was heldin:(a) Rio de Janeiro (b) Vienna(c) Johannesburg (d) Frankfurt

143. Declaration signed by world leaders in 1992at the United Nations Conference onEnvironment and Development (UNCED) toachieve global sustainable development iscalled:(a) Target 21 (b) Agenda 21(c) Declaration 92 (d) Agenda 92

144. “There is enough for everybody’s need andnot for any body’s greed.” Who said theseword regarding conservation of resources?(a) Jawaharlal Nehru(b) Indira Gandhi(c) Mahatma Gandhi(d) Lal Bahadur Shastri

145. The Chairperson of a UN commission whichintroduced the concept of ‘SustainableDevelopment’ in 1987 was:(a) Javier Perez de Cuellar(b) Mansour Khalid(c) Margaret Thatcher(d) Gro Harlem Brundtland

146. Consider the following statements regardingIndia:I. About 27% of the area of the country is

the plateau region.

II. According to the National Forest Policy(1952), forest cover should be 25% of thetotal geographical area of the country.

Which of the above statements is/are are notcorrect?(a) I (b) II(c) I and II (d) none

147. What type of soil is the Khadar Soil?(a) Alluvial Soil (b) Laterite Soil(c) Black Soil (d) Red and Yellow Soil

148. Which of the following soils is ideal for cottoncultivation?(a) Alluvial Soil (b) Black Soil(c) Laterite Soil (d) Red and Yellow Soil

149. Which of the following soils is result of intenseleaching due to heavy rain?(a) Black Soil (b) Laterite Soil(c) Alluvial Soil (d) Red and Yellow Soil

150. Consider the following statements:I. Red and Yellow soils develop a reddish

colour due to diffusion of magnesium incrystalline and metamorphic rocks.

II. Black soils are generally rich in phosphoriccontent.


151. Red and yellow soil is found in which of thefollowing states?(a) Jammu and Kashmir(b) Rajasthan(c) Madhya Pradesh(d) Gujarat

152. Strip cropping is done to:(a) prevent soil erosion caused by water.(b) prevent soil erosion caused by glaciers.(c) prevent soil erosion caused by wind.(d) prevent coastal erosion.



153. Which of the following birds falls under normalspecies category in India?(a) Pink-headed duck(b) Indian cormorant(c) Mountain quail(d) Forest spotted owlet

154. Which of the following is used to make thebiggest selling anti-cancer drug in the world?(a) Himalayan Yew (b) Vidanga(c) Poaceae (d) Himalayan oak

155. Belgium does not share its borders with:(a) France (b) Luxembourg(c) Austria (d) Germany

156. Most of the Belgian population speaks:(a) Dutch and French(b) Dutch and German(c) French and Spanish(d) Spanish and Portuguese

157. The headquarters of the European Union isin:(a) Vienna (b) Berlin(c) Zurich (d) Brussels

History

158. Which of the following was not occupied bythe British or the French and just remainedas a buffer state?(a) Thailand (b) Malaysia(c) Indonesia (d) China

159. Consider the following statements:I. Under the Treaty of Nanking in 1842,

China took over Hong Kong from theBritish.

II. The Second Opium War was foughtbetween China and Japan.


160. By the Treaty of Boque, X made the Britishits most favoured nation. X is:(a) South Africa (b) China(c) Sri Lanka (d) Indonesia

161. By 1885, Vietnam was completely under thepossession of:(a) the French (b) the Dutch(c) the British (d) the Portuguese

162. X occupied Egypt from Ottoman Turkey in1882. X is:(a) France (b) Portugal(c) Belgium (d) Britain

163. The Mughal Empire reached its greatestextent under:(a) Akbar (b) Aurangzeb(c) Shah Jahan (d) Jahangir

164. Fatwa-i-Alamgiri was created during the reignof:(a) Humayun (b) Shah Jahan(c) Aurangzeb (d) Akbar

165. Who was the first Nizam of Hyderabad?(a) Mujaffar Jung (b) Nasir Jung(c) Salabat Jung (d) Chin Quilich Khan

166. Who took away the Peacock Throne fromIndia?(a) Nadir Shah(b) Ahmed Shah Abdali(c) Mahmud of Ghazni(d) Muhammad Ghori

167. Whom did Chhatrapati Shivaji considered hisguru?(a) Chokhamela (b) Ramdas(c) Tukaram (d) Eknath

168. The Treaty of Warna divided the MarathaKingdom between:(a) Sahuji and Sambhaji I(b) Rajaram and Sambhaji I(c) Rajaram and Sambhaji II(d) Sahuji and Sambhaji II



169. Who defeated the Nizam-ul-Mulk andimposed the Treaty of Durai Sarai on him?(a) Sahuji (b) Sambhaji I(c) Baji Rao I (d) Shivaji

170. Consider the following statements:I. The Marathas restored Shah Alam II on

the throne of Delhi in1772.II. Baji Rao I was also known as Nana Saheb.


171. Whom did Shahuji, the king of the MarathaKingdom, made the Peshwa in 1713?(a) Madhavrao(b) Bajirao I(c) Balaji Vishwanath(d) Narayanrao

172. Jiziya, during the Mughal Empire, was a taxlevied on:(a) mercantile companies like the East India

Company(b) non-Muslim citizens(c) money lenders(d) all the citizens

173. The Sardeshmukhi, in the Maratha regime,was a:(a) tax levied on revenue(b) designation equivalent to Peshwa(c) designation lesser to Peshwa(d) name given to the Chhatrapati

174. Who was the first of the ‘hereditary Peshwas’of the Maratha kingdom?(a) Madhav-Rao I(b) Balaji Bajirao(c) Baji Rao I(d) Balaji Vishwanath

175. Consider the following statements:I. In the First Carnatic War, the British

defeated the Nawab of Arcot.II. Anwar-ud-Din was the Nawab of Arcot in

the First Carnatic War.


176. Consider the following statements:I. The French, under Joseph Francois

Dupleix, won the Third Carnatic Waragainst the British.

II. The Dutch joined the British against theFrench in the Carnatic Wars.


177. Consider the following statements:I. Eyre Coote was the British General in the

Battle of Wandiwash.II. The British defeated the French in the

Battle of Wandiwash in 1760.


178. Consider the following statements:I. Robert Clive was the commander of the

Company forces in the Battle of Buxar.II. In 1760, the East India Company replaced

Mir Jafar with his son in law as the Nawabof Bengal.


179. The English East India Company received thediwani of Bengal through the:(a) Treaty of Bengal(b) Treaty of Allahabad(c) Treaty of Hyderabad(d) Treaty of Buxar

180. Which Governor-General of India soldAllahabad and Kara to the Nawab of Awadh?(a) Warren Hastings(b) Lord Cornwallis(c) Lord Wellesley(d) Lord Minto



181. Who became the first Indian power to acceptthe subsidiary alliance?(a) Nawab of Awadh(b) Marathas(c) Nizam of Hyderabad(d) Kingdom of Mysore

182. Consider the following statements:I. By the Treaty of Bassein, Peshwa Baji

Rao II accepted subsidiary alliance withthe British.

II. By the Treaty of Amritsar signed in1809,river Ravi had been fixed as the boundarybetween the British and Maharaja RanjitSingh’s territories.


183. The Treaty of Sagauli was signed betweenthe British and the:(a) Marathas(b) Nawab of Bengal(c) Nawab of Awadh(d) Gorkhas

184. Who was the Governor-General of India duringthe First Anglo-Sikh War?(a) Lord Auckland (b) Lord Hardinge(c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Lord Canning

185. Who among the following Governor-Generalsof India introduced modern civil services basedon separation of power?(a) Warren Hastings(b) Lord Dalhousie(c) Lord Cornwallis(d) Lord Ripon

186. Consider the following statements:I. Maharaja Dalip Singh entered the

subsidiary alliance at Lahore in 1846.II. The Second Anglo-Sikh War was the last

war fought by the British within the naturalfrontiers of India for the extension of theirempire.


187. From whom did the British take away thefamous diamond Koh-i-noor to send it toQueen Victoria?(a) Maharaja Ranjit Singh(b) Maharaja Dalip Singh(c) Nadir Shah(d) Ahmed Shah Abdali

188. The Holkars, one of the regional Marathadynasties, was founded by:(a) Ranoji (b) Malhar Rao(c) Damaji I (d) Raghuji

189. By the Treaty of Deogaon, Orissa wassurrendered to the British by:(a) Raghuji Bhonsle I(b) Raghuji Bhonsle II(c) Daulat Rao Sindhia(d) Jaswant Rao Holkar

190. Who was the political agent sent by LordHardinge to Punjab to make them break theTreaty of Amritsar?(a) Major Broadfoot(b) Major Bardsley(c) Major Lawrence(d) Mojor Whistler

191. The Gaikwar dynasty was founded by:(a) Malhar Rao(b) Raghuji Bhonsle I(c) Raghuji Bhonsle II(d) Damaji I

192. Who introduced the dual government inBengal?(a) Warren Hastings(b) Lord Cornwallis(c) Robert Clive(d) Lord Canning



193. Consider the following statements:I. The Governor-General of Bengal was made

the Governor-General of India through theRegulating Act of 1773.

II. The Charter Act of 1833 declared that noIndian shall hold any government positionunder the company.


194. Which Act made the Governor-General ofBengal general authority over other twopresidencies?(a) Regulating Act of 1773(b) Charter Act of 1813(c) Charter Act of 1833(d) Charter Act of 1853

195. Swami Dayanand Saraswati’s parental namewas:(a) Mula Sankara(b) Mula Krishnacharya(c) Om Sankara(d) Narayan Sankara

196. Which Governor-General of India abolishedthe sati system?(a) Warren Hastings(b) Lord Cornwallis(c) Lord Dalhousie(d) Lord Bentinck

197. After the premature death of Raja RammohunRoy, the Brahmo Movement was given a newlife by:(a) Debendranath Tagore(b) Shankar Seth(c) Atmaram Pandurang(d) Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar

198. Who among the following was not a memberof the Brahmo Samaj?(a) Keshab Chandra Sen(b) Debendranath Tagore(c) Mahadev Govind Ranade(d) Dwarkanath Tagore

199. Henry Louis Vivian Derozio founded the:(a) Deccan Education Society(b) Servants of India Society(c) Young Bengal Movement(d) Theosophical Movement

200. Who was not a member of the PrarthanaSamaj?(a) Mahadev Govind Ranade(b) Atmaram Pandurang(c) Gopal Krishna Gokhale(d) Jyotiba Phule

201. The Deccan Education Society was formedunder the spiritual guidance of:(a) Swami Vivekananda(b) Mahadev Govind Ranade(c) Swami Dayananda Saraswati(d) Raja Rammohun Roy

202. Who founded the Servants of India Society?(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale(b) Annie Besant(c) Sayyid Ahmad Khan(d) Louis Vivian Derozio

203. His campaign for the upliftment of the weakacquired the character of an anti-Brahminmovement. He is:(a) Sayyid Ahmad Khan(b) Mohammad Ali Jinnah(c) Jyotiba Phule(d) Mahadev Govind Ranade

204. The famous Fergusson College of Pune wasfounded under:(a) Deccan Education Society(b) Theosophical Society of India(c) British Indian Association(d) none of the above

205. The Central Hindu College at Varanasi wasfounded in 1898 by:(a) Annie Besant(b) Louis Vivian Derozio(c) Swami Vivekananda(d) Keshab Chandra Sen



206. The first Headquarters of the Arya Samaj wereat:(a) Calcutta (b) Nasik(c) Lahore (d) Bomday

207. The Shuddhi Movement was started by:(a) Swami Dayanand Saraswati(b) Swami Vivekananda(c) Ramakrishna Paramahamsa(d) Baba Kharak Singh

208. Who was the founder of the MuhammadanAnglo-Oriental College?(a) Maulana Hasrat Mohani(b) Hakim Ajmal Khan(c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(d) Sayyid Ahmad Khan

209. Whose daughter’s marriage led to the secondsplit in the Brahmo Samaj?(a) Shivnanda Shastri(b) Anand Mohan Bose(c) Keshab Chandra Sen(d) Raja Rammohun Roy

210. Louis Vivian Derozio was a:(a) teacher at Hindu College of Calcutta(b) French General in India in the early

eighteenth century(c) Gandhian who actively supported the

Indian freedom struggle(d) British General in India during the rebellion

of 1857

211. The Theosophical Movement in India wasstarted by:(a) Mahadev Govind Ranade(b) Raja Rammohun Roy(c) Rabindranath Tagore(d) Annie Besant

212. The Theosophical Society of India wasfounded at:(a) Calcutta (b) Adyar(c) Nasik (d) Allahabad

213. The Theosophical Society was firstestablished in:(a) USSR(b) United States of America(c) United Kingdom(d) India

214. Who wrote the book Satyartha Prakash?(a) Swami Vivekanada(b) Ramakrishna Paramhamsa(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati(d) Raja Rammohun Roy

215. The New York Herald, after hearing him in theWorld Parliament at Chicago in 1893, reported- “ We feel how foolish it is to sendmissionaries to this learned nation”. He was:(a) Swami Vivekananda(b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati(c) Raja Rammohun Roy(d) Rabindranath Tagore

216. Swami Vivekanand’s original name was:(a) Surendra Nath Bhat(b) Narendra Nath Bhat(c) Surendra Nath Dutta(d) Narendra Nath Dutta

217. Tahzib-al-Akhlaq, a monthly periodical, wasstarted by:(a) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(b) Sayyid Ahmad Khan(c) Muhammad Ali Jinnah(d) Pherozeshah Mehta

218. The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856required:(a) the applicants of the Imperial Civil Services

to be of the age of 21 years at most.(b) the applicants of the Imperial Civil Services

to be of the age of 18 years at most.(c) every Indian soldier to serve wherever

required.(d) every Indian soldier to use the enfield rifles

smeared with animal fat.



219. Consider the following statements:I. The Santhal Rebellion (1855-56) was

against the Mughal Emperor BahadurShah II.

II. The Kuka Movement of 1860 was a socio-religious movement which turned into apolitical movement.


220. The second unit of the Arya Samaj was formedat:(a) Lahore (b) Amritsar(c) Allahabad (d) Calcutta

221. Who among the following was a foundingmember of the Rahnumai MazdayasnanSabha?(a) Badruddin Tyabji(b) Sayyid Ahmad Khan(c) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad(d) Dadabhai Naoroji

222. Who wrote the book Anandmath?(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale(b) Bankim Chandra Chatterji(c) Swami Vivekananda(d) Bhartendu Harishchandra

223. In the 1860s, a popular Bengali playhighlighted the atrocities commited onworkers by Indigo planters. The play wascalled:(a) Neeldhara (b) Neelgagan(c) Neel Darpan (d) Neelkamal

224. Which of the following was an organisation,during the late 1860s, that proved to be astrong force behind the Indian nationalistmovement?(a) Hindu Sabha(b) Hindu Mela(c) Hindu Association(d) Hindu Sangh

225. Which of the following books contains thenational song of India?(a) Anandmath (b) Lipika(c) Gitanjali (d) Chokher Bali

226. Who among the following is known as thefather of modern Hindi literature?(a) Munshi Premchand(b) Bhartendu Harishchandra(c) Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi(d) Sumitranandan Pant

227. Who among the following was one of thefounders of the newspapers the Kesari andMahratta?(a) Bal Gangadhar Tilak(b) Pherozeshah Mehta(c) Lala Lajpat Rai(d) Dadabhai Naoroji

228. The Indian League, in 1875, was establishedin Bengal by:(a) Dadabhai Naoroji(b) Surendranath Banerji(c) V.K. Chiplunkar(d) Sisir Kumar Ghosh

229. Who among the following was one of thefounders of the Indian Association (1876)?(a) Badruddin Tyabji(b) Anand Mohan Bose(c) W.C. Bonnerji(d) Sisir Kumar Ghosh

230. Who among the following was the editor ofAmrit Bazar Patrika?(a) Sisir Kumar Ghosh(b) M.B. Namjoshi(c) V.K. Chiplunkar(d) Pherozeshah Mehta

231. Who among the following was not the founderof the Bombay Presidency Association(1885)?(a) Pherozeshah Mehta(b) Sisir Kumar Ghosh(c) K.T. Telang(d) Badruddin Tyabji



232. Who founded the India House in 1905 inLondon?(a) Virendranath Chattopadhyaya(b) V.D. Savarkar(c) Shyamji Krishna Verma(d) Lala Hardayal

233. The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 in:(a) United States of America(b) England(c) Malaysia(d) Japan

234. The Congress declared Purna Swaraj as itsgoal in 1929 during its:(a) Calcutta session(b) Madras session(c) Lahore session(d) Karachi session

235. Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tricolour flag ofIndia in December 1929 on the banks of river:(a) Narmada (b) Ganga(c) Ravi (d) Sutlej

236. Which of the following is also known as the‘Gagging Act’?(a) Government of India Act(b) General Service Enlistment Act(c) Arms Act(d) Vernacular Press Act

237. Who was the leader of the Gorkhas in theAnglo-Nepalese War (1814-16)?(a) Samar Singh (b) Amar Singh(c) Digvijay Sigh (d) Shyam Singh

238. According to the Ain-i Akbari, every subadarwas supported by other officers such asbakhshi, sadr, etc. Bakhshi and Sadr are:(a) a military paymaster and a minister in

charge of religious and charitablepatronage respectively.

(b) a minister in charge of religious andcharitable patronage and a militarypaymaster respectively.

(c) a military paymaster and a militarycommander respectively.

(d) a minister in charge of religious andcharitable patronage and a militarycommander respectively.

239. Which Mughal emperor emphasised on theidea Sulh-i kul ?(a) Babur (b) Shah Jahan(c) Humayun (d) Akbar

240. Which of the following temples is not in theUNESCO’s World Heritage Sites list?(a) Gangaikondacholisvaram Temple(b) Airavateshvaram Temple(c) Kapaleeshwarar Temple(d) Brihadeeshwara Temple

241. The Mundas and Santhals were tribes from:(a) Orissa and Bengal(b) Punjab and Rajasthan(c) Punjab and western Himalayas(d) Punjab and Kashmir

242. Sultan Iltutmish constructed hauz-i Sultanijust outside Dehli-i kuhna. What is hauz-iSultani ?(a) a large shrine (b) a large sculpture(c) a mosque (d) a large reservoir

243. Which of the following kings invaded Sri Lankaand defeated Sena I?(a) Shrimara Shrivallabha(b) Vijayalaya(c) Rajaraja I(d) Rajendra I

244. Who was the “Statue Destroyer” who attackedthe famous Somanath temple?(a) Muhammad Ghori(b) Mahmud of Ghazni(c) Aurangzeb(d) Lord Clive of the East India Company

245. What is Chihil Sutun in Mughal architecture?(a) Large balconies(b) Ceremonial Halls or courts(c) Four section gardens(d) Recreation centres



246. What was the importance of Qibla in audiencehalls of the Mughal emperors?(a) During a court session everybody faced a

specific direction called Qibla.(b) During a court session everybody had to

sit in a circular formation called Qibla.(c) During a court session everybody had to

share their views over the issuesdiscussed. This type of discussion wascalled Qibla.

(d) During a court session no woman wasallowed to speak inside the court. Thisrule was called Qibla.

247. In Shah Jahan’s newly constructed court inthe Red Fort at Delhi, behind his throne werea series of pietra dura inlays that depicted:(a) The legendary Greek god Orpheus playing

the lute(b) Aphrodite in front of a mirror(c) Apollo and Daphne together(d) Aphrodite,Cupid and Ares together

248. Who was Kunjaramallan RajarajaPerunthachchan?(a) Son of Chola king Rajaraja(b) Grandson of Chola king Rajaraja(c) Architect of the famous Airavatesvara

temple(d) Architect of the famous Rajarajeshvara

temple

249. Chola bronze statues were made using the:(a) lost clay technique(b) lost wax technique(c) lost wood technique(d) lost metal technique

250. Bhillasvamin is the:(a) modern day Bhubaneshwar(b) modern day Belur(c) modern day Vidisha(d) modern day Mahabalipuram

251. X is located in the Krishna-Tungabhadrabasin. X fell into ruin in 1565 as theVijayanagara Empire was defeated. What isX?

(a) Bellary (b) Hampi(c) Davanagere (d) Hubli

252. In the seventeenth century, which city wasregarded as the gateway for trade with westAsia?(a) Karachi (b) Surat(c) Poona (d) Bombay

253. Bhils, Cheros and Berads are tribes of:(a) Bihar, Tamil Nadu and Western

Himalayas respectively.(b) Bihar, Gujarat and Western Himalayas

respectively.(c) Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Bihar

respectively.(d) Madhya Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra

respectively.

254. Which nomadic tribe helped Mughal emperorsto transport grain to city markets?(a) Charan (b) Gujjar(c) Banjara (d) Bhil

255. Which queen died fighting Mughal armiesdefending Garha Katanga in 1565?(a) Rani Durgawati (b) Rani Ahilyabai(c) Rudramamba (d) Rani Avantibai

256. Which tribe did the kingdom of Garha Katangabelonged to?(a) Gonds (b) Cheros(c) Khonds (d) Ahoms

257. Which of the following tribal kingdomsdepended upon forced labour for itsfunctioning?(a) Gonds (b) Cheros(c) Ahoms (d) Bhils

258. Who were the Nayanars?(a) Saints devoted to Brahma(b) Saints devoted to Durga(c) Saints devoted to Vishnu(d) Saints devoted to Shiva



259. Who were the Alvars?(a) Saints devoted to Durga(b) Saints devoted to Vishnu(c) Saints devoted to Brahma(d) Saints devoted to Shiva

260. Virashaiva movement began in Karnataka inthe mid-twelfth century against:(a) the misrule of Hoysala Empire(b) monotheism(c) inequality and caste system(d) the revenue system

261. Mirabai became a disciple of:(a) Kabir (b) Tulsidas(c) Surdas (d) Ravidas

262. Which tribal kingdom created the historicalworks known as buranjis?(a) Ahoms (b) Balochis(c) Cheros (d) Gonds

263. Which of the following Apostles of JesusChrist is believed to bring Christianity to India?(a) St. Andrew (b) St. John(c) St. Mathew (d) St. Thomas

264. Fa Xian and Xuan Zang were:(a) Chinese invaders of the north-east(b) Chinese Buddhist pilgrims(c) Chinese followers of the Alvars(d) Chinese followers of the Nayanars

265. Consider the following statements:I. Kadamba Mayurasharman was a

Brahmana who gave up his traditionalprofession and took to arms, successfullyestablishing the Kadamba kingdom inKarnataka.

II. Chola king Rajendra I built a temple ofgoddess Nishumbhasudini in the town ofThanjavur.


266. Consider the following statements:I. Siraj-ud-daulah, the nawab of Bengal was

a puppet ruler who gifted tradeconcessions to the East India Company.

II. Robert Clive led the company’s armies atPlassey in 1757.


267. The East India Company was appointed asthe Diwan of the provinces of Bengal, by theMughal emperor, after the death of the thennawab of Bengal:(a) Aliwardi Khan (b) Mir Jafar(c) Mir Qasim (d) Sirajuddaulah

268. Consider the following statements:I. Tipu Sultan was killed in the Third Anglo-

Mysore War.II. Subsidiary alliance did not allow the East

India Company to have its independentarmed forces.


269. Who was the Governor-General in 1801 whenthe nawab of Awadh was forced to give overhalf of his territory to the East India Companyin 1801?(a) Warren Hastings(b) Richard Wellesley(c) Earl Cornwallis(d) Robert Clive

270. The Treaty of Salbai was signed between theEast India Company and:(a) the Marathas(b) the Nizam of Hyderabad(c) the Kingdom of Mysore(d) the nawab of Awadh



271. Which of the following nawabs captured FortWilliam of Calcutta?(a) Alivardi Khan (b) Sirajuddaulah(c) Mir Jafar (d) Mir Qasim

272. Consider the following statements:I. Mir Qasim helped the East India Company

in the Battle of Buxar against the Nawabof Awadh and the Mughal Emperor.

II. The East India Company defeatedMaharaja Ranjit Singh to capture Punjab.


273. Which of the following Governor-Generalsinitiated the policy of “paramountcy”?(a) Warren Hastings(b) Richard Wellesley(c) Lord Dalhousie(d) Earl Cornwallis

274. Which of the following was ruled by theWodeyar dynasty?(a) Hyderabad (b) Awadh(c) Mysore (d) Bengal

275. Consider the following statements:I. The Marathas helped Tipu Sultan in the

Third Anglo-Mysore war agaisnt the EastIndia Company.

II. Tipu Sultan was forced to sign a treatywith the British by which two of his sonswere taken away as hostages.


276. Doctrine of Lapse was the brainchild of:(a) Lord Cornwallis (b) Lord Hastings(c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Robert Clive

277. Consider the following statements:I. From 1772, each district was to have only

one court – a civil court (diwani adalat).

II. Delhi was not a British presidency in thelate eighteenth century.


278. Consider the following statements:I. Rani Chennamma surrendered the state

of Kitoor to the East India Company andran away with his family.

II. Steamships were invented in the earlynineteenth century.


279. Which Mughal emperor appointed the EastIndia Company as the Diwan of Bengal?(a) Shah Alam II (b) Akbar Shah(c) Bahadur Shah (d) Aurangzeb

280. Initially the East India Company purchasedgoods in India for:(a) the revenue generated by the Company

from peasants.(b) Gold and Silver(c) the British goods(d) nothing. It used military power to capture

the resources

281. Who was the Governor-General of India whenthe Permanent Settlement was introduced?(a) Warren Hastings(b) Richard Wellesley(c) Earl Cornwallis(d) Lord Dalhousie

282. In British records, what is a Mahal?(a) A palace (b) An army fort(c) A Mosque (d) A revenue estate

283. Consider the following statements:I. The Company expected the Zamindars to

invest in the improvement of land whichwould have benefited the Zamindars aswell.



II. In the permanent settlement systempeasants had to pay the revenue directlyto the Company.


284. The nij system and ryoti system are for thecultivation of:(a) Coffee (b) Sugar(c) Opium (d) Indigo

285. Consider the following statements:I. The Indigo Commission set up after the

“Blue Rebellion” of 1859 produced a reportagainst the ryots.

II. The agents of the East India Companywho helped the Company to getagreements signed from peasants,weavers and artisans were known asGomasthas.

(a) I (b) II(c) I and II (d) none

286. Holt Mackenzie devised a new system whichwas called as the:(a) Permanent Settlement.(b) Mahalwari System.(c) Ryotwari System.(d) Doctrine of Lapse.

287. Consider the following statements:I. Woad is a temperate zone herb which

faced competition from indigo grown inIndia during the eighteenth century.

II. The indigo plant grows primarily in thetemperate zones.


288. Siraj-ud-daulah, nawab of Bengal, wasbetrayed by one of his commanders in hisdefeat at the hands of East India Company’sarmy. Who was that commander?(a) Mir Jafar (b) Mir Qasim(c) Shujauddaulah (d) Ali Jah

289. The Ryotwari System was devised by:(a) Lord Cornwallis(b) Richard Wellesley(c) Thomas Munro(d) Holt Mackenzie

290. The first English factory was set up on thebanks of the river:(a) Krishna (b) Hugli(c) Saraswati (d) Kaveri

291. Consider the following statements:I. Woad is a better dye plant than indigo

because woad gives a rich blue colourwhile indigo gives pale and dull colour.

II. The French produced indigo in the Frenchcolony of St Domingue in the Caribbeanislands.


292. Consider the following statements:I. The ryoti system was better than the nij

system for the indigo planters as it allowedthem to produce indigo on a larger scalewithout any considerable increase in thecost of production.

II. The ryots were benefited from the the ryotisystem of indigo plantaion.


293. The most primitive stone tools are from:(a) Neolithic age (b) Palaeolithic age(c) Mesolithic age (d) Chalcolithic age



294. Consider the following statements:A : The subsidiary alliance proved very helpful

for the nawabs in protecting theirterritories.

R : The British promised military protectionto the nawabs under the terms ofsubsidiary alliance.

Choose the correct option out of the following(a) A and B both are true and B is the right

reason for A(b) A and B both are true but B is not the


295. A very special tank, which archaeologists callthe Great Bath, was built in:(a) Mehrgarh (b) Mohenjodaro(c) Lothal (d) Harappa

296. Which of the following archaeological sites islocated on the river Ghod and is known for itsspecial burial system?(a) Lothal (b) Chirand(c) Inamgaon (d) Hungsi

297. Ashwamedha was a ritual in which:(a) a horse was gifted to the successor of

the king(b) a horse was sacrificed(c) a horse was gifted to a brahmin(d) a ritual made in the name of rain gods

298. Bimbisara was a ruler of:(a) Avanti (b) Gandhara(c) Kuru (d) Magadha

299. A cartographer is a person who:(a) makes maps (b) makes carts(c) makes chariots (d) makes temples

300. Consider the following statements:A : The Nawab of Awadh was forced to give

over half of his territory to the Company in1801

R : The Nawab of Awadh failed to fulfil theterms of subsidiary alliance.




301. Which of the following were the first to cometo Kerala?(a) Portuguese traders(b) Jewish and Arab traders(c) Duth traders(d) English traders

302. Consider the following statements:A: After the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh

in 1839, the East India Company took overPunjab in 1849.

R: According to the Doctrine of Lapse, if anIndian ruler died without a male heir hiskingdom would become part of Companyterritory.




303. Consider the following statements:A : Cloth dyers in Europe preferred indigo over

woad as a dye.R : Indigo was cheaper than woad.






304. Who among the following was not a part ofthe Rebellion of 1857?(a) Begum Hazrat Mahal(b) Rani Chennamma(c) Birjis Qadr(d) Nana Saheb

305. Bahadur Shah Jafar was sentenced to lifeimprisonment for supporting the rebellion of1857. He died in a prison in:(a) Hyderabad (b) Rangoon(c) Lahore (d) Bombay

306. Consider the following statements:I. Tantia Tope was killed while protecting

Rani Laxmi Bai against the British.II. Birjis Qadr was the son of Nawab Wajid

Ali Shah of Lucknow.


307. Mangal Pandey was hanged in 1857 forattacking his officers in:(a) Benaras (b) Barrackpore(c) Calcutta (d) Allahabad

308. Consider the following statements:A : Eighty-five sepoys of the regiment under

the East India Company at Meerut, in1857, were dismissed from service andsentenced to ten years in jail.

R : When the Company ordered the sepoysto go to Burma for fighting by the sea route,the sepoys refused to follow the order.




309. Who wrote the book ‘Two Treatises ofGovernment’?(a) Rousseau

(b) Thomas Hobbes(c) Pierre Joseph Proudhon(d) John Locke

310. In 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposedon X, and in 1856 it was taken over by theBritish as they declared that X was beingmisgoverned and to ensure properadministration British rule was necessary. Xwas:(a) Awadh (b) Jhansi(c) Mysore (d) Punjab

311. Sati Pratha was banned in British India in:(a) 1801 (b) 1809(c) 1829 (d) 1858

312. Who wrote the book ‘The Spirit of the Laws’?(a) Aristotle (b) Montesquieu(c) Rousseau (d) John Locke

313. Governor-General of India, when Jhansi wasannexed by the British, was:(a) Lord Dalhousie (b) Warren Hastings(c) Lord Cornwallis (d) Richard Wellesley

314. Consider the following statements:I. The East India Company was removed

from the power in 1858.II. The Doctrine of Lapse was renounced by

the Act of 1858.


315. Which of the following was not the changeintroduced by the British in 1858?(a) It was assured to all the ruling chiefs of

the country that their territory would neverbe annexed in future.

(b) It was decided to increase the recruitmentof soldiers from Awadh, Bihar, central Indiaand south India.

(c) Various policies were made to protect therights of zamindars and landlords.

(d) all of the above.



316. Delhi became the capital of British India in:(a) 1901 (b) 1905(c) 1911 (d) 1915

317. Delhi Durbar was organised by:(a) Lord Ripon(b) Lord Minto(c) Lord Lansdowne(d) Lord Lytton

318. Consider the following statements:I. Edward Lutyens and Herbert Baker were

the architects invited by the British todesign New Delhi in 1912.

II. The central dome of the RashtrapatiBhavan was copied from medieval Cholaart.


319. Who founded the Brahmo Sabha?(a) Raja Rammohun Roy(b) Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar(c) Swami Dayanand Sarawati(d) Swami Vivekanand

320. What was the real name of Lord Mahavira?(a) Satyakama (b) Shankara(c) Vardhamana (d) Paramananda

321. When was the law permitting widowremarriage passed in the British India?(a) 1829 (b) 1839(c) 1856 (d) 1896

322. The Paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840in:(a) Bombay (b) Calcutta(c) Madras (d) Delhi

323. Which Chola king took the title ofMaduraikondavan?(a) Vijayalaya (b) Rajaraja I(c) Parantaka I (d) Rajendra

324. The British government headed by GeorgeGrenville in 1765 enacted a tax Act in itscolonies in North America. The Act was calledthe:(a) Stamp Act (b) Currency Act(c) Revenue Act (d) Trade Act

325. The Boston Tea Party was:(a) a meeting between the British and the

French to decide the future of Canada.(b) the declaration of Independence, by the

13 British North American colonies.(c) a meeting between the British and the

French to decide the future of Canada.(d) an act of dumping tea into Boston Harbor

326. The first war between the 13 British NorthAmerican colonies and the British Governmentstarted in 1775 at:(a) Lexington (b) Philadelphia(c) Washington (d) Orlando

327. Who among the following Governor-Generalsof the British India surrendered as a BritishGeneral in the American War of Independencein 1781:(a) Warren Hastings(b) William Bentinck(c) Lord Cornwallis(d) Lord Dalhousie

328. “Men are born free but everywhere they are inchains”. Who said these words?(a) Karl Marx(b) Jean-Jacques Rousseau(c) Friedrich Engels(d) Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

329. When did France become a republic?(a) 1780 (b) 1784(c) 1789 (d) 1792

330. Who devised the system of crop rotation?(a) Thomas Highs(b) Jethro Tull(c) Charles Townsend(d) Lewis Paul



331. Who invented the flying shuttle?(a) John Kay(b) Richard Arkwright(c) James Hargreaves(d) Daniel Bourn

332. Who invented the spinning jenny?(a) Samuel Crompton(b) James Hargreaves(c) Clement Clerke(d) Abraham Darby

333. The first power loom was designed by:(a) Richard Arkwright(b) Thomas Highs(c) Lewis Paul(d) Edmund Cartwright

334. Who invented the cotton gin?(a) Henry Maudslay(b) Eli Whitney(c) John Kay(d) Henry Cot

335. Who built the first textile factory?(a) Samuel Slater (b) Richard Arkwright(c) Lewis Paul (d) Thomas Highs

336. Who among the following is known for hisimprovements of the steam engine?(a) James Watt (b) John Kay(c) Samuel Slater (d) Lewis Paul

337. Who among the following made attempts tosubstitute charcoal by coke to obtain ironfrom its ore?(a) George Stephenson(b) William Murdoch(c) Chance Brothers(d) Abraham Darby

338. Who invented the ‘puddling’ process of ironpurification?(a) John Smeaton (b) Henry Cort(c) James Watt (d) Thomas Newcomen

339. Consider the following statements:I. Luther Burbank invented the process of

pasteurisation.II. Voltaire was a staunch critic of the

Church.


340. The Third Estate of the States General, inFrance, declared itself as the NationalAssembly in:(a) 1729 (b) 1789(c) 1829 (d) 1879

341. Who invented the ‘hot blast’ process inmetallurgy?(a) Clement Clerke(b) Benjamin Huntsman(c) James Beaumont Neilson(d) George Stephenson

342. Consider the following statements:I. King Louis XVI fled France with his family

at the start of the French Revolution.II. The first French National Assembly took

oath in a tennis court.


343. Who among the following invented a processfor producing steel?(a) Henry Bessemer(b) John Metcalf(c) Chance Brothers(d) William Murdoch

344. Who invented the steamboat?(a) Joseph Bramah(b) Joseph Whitworth(c) John Macadam(d) Robert Fulton



345. Gugliemo Marconi invented the:(a) telephone(b) machinery for wireless telegraphy(c) electric bulb(d) television

346. Who laid the first trans-Atlantic cable?(a) Cyrus Field(b) Gottlieb Daimler(c) George Stephenson(d) Joseph Locke

347. Consider the following statements:I. The Diesel engine was invented after the

World War I.II. The ‘Open-hearth’ is generally used for

the production of fine quality printedtextiles.


348. The Luddites in Britain, during the IndustrialRevolution, was a name given to the:(a) section of the church which opposed the

industrial revolution.(b) masked workers taking part in violent

strikes.(c) businessmen who invested and helped the

innovators of the revolution(d) the countries mainly involved in the

Industrial Revolution.

349. The First Opium War, as it is called, wasfought in 1840 between the British and:(a) China (b) America(c) Malaysia (d) France

350. Consider the following statements:I. The Portuguese took control of Malacca,

in the East Indies, in the 17th century fromthe Dutch.

II. Hormuz, at the tip of the Persian Gulf,was a strategic base of the Portuguesein the 16th century.


351. Britain wrested Canada from France in 1763after the:(a) Six Years’ War(b) Seven Years’ War(c) Eight Years’ War(d) Nine Years’ War

352. Whom did Guru Nanak appoint as hissuccessor before his death in 1539?(a) Guru Amardas (b) Guru Angad(c) Guru Arjan (d) Guru Ramdas

353. Which of the following Mughal emperorsordered the execution of Guru Arjan?(a) Shah Jahan (b) Aurangzeb(c) Humayun (d) Jahangir

354. Divya Prabandham is a compilation ofdevotional songs in honour of Hindu god/goddess:(a) Murugan (b) Shiva(c) Durga (d) Vishnu

355. Which Afghan ruler invaded India five times inthe mid-eighteenth century?(a) Ahmed Shah Abdali(b) Timur Shah Durrani(c) Nadir Shah(d) Shuja Shah Durrani

356. The iron pillar at Mehrauli, Delhi is said to bebuilt under which of the following rulers?(a) Alauddin Khalji(b) Akbar(c) Chandragupta II(d) Vikramaditya VI

357. The Silappadikaram, a famous Tamil epic, isthe story of Kovalan who was a:(a) a merchant (b) a King(c) a priest (d) a peasant



358. The manuscripts in early India were usuallywritten on:(a) palm leaves(b) ashoka tree leaves(c) cloths made of jute(d) banyan leaves

359. Harishena was the court poet of:(a) Chandragupta(b) Samudragupta(c) Ashoka(d) Bindusara

360. Which of the following Chalukya rulersstopped king Harshvardhan of Kanauj fromadvancing to the Deccan?(a) Vijayaditya (b) Vikramaditya(c) Pulakeshin II (d) Vikramaditya II

361. Which of the following is not a work ofKalidasa?(a) Abhijnana Shakuntalam(b) Malavikagnimitram(c) Mahavircharitam(d) Vikramorvashiyam

362. Buddhacharita, a biography of the Buddha wascomposed by Ashvaghosha. He was a spiritualcounselor in the court of:(a) King Ashoka(b) King Harshavardhana(c) King Vikramadtya(d) King Kanishka

363. Who were known as the ‘lords of thedakshinapatha’?(a) Pandya rulers (b) Satavahana rulers(c) Chera rulers (d) Chola rulers

364. Dhamma Mahamatta were:(a) important teachings of Buddha(b) officials appointed by Ashoka to teach

dhamma(c) buddhist philosophers of early medieval

India(d) buddhist philosophers of Mughal period

in India

365. Vinaya Pitaka is a rule book of:(a) Hinduism (b) Sikhism(c) Jain sangha (d) Buddhist sangha

366. Who was Mehrunnisa?(a) Wife of Emperor Shah Jahan(b) Wife of Emperor Aurangzeb(c) Wife of Emperor Jahangir(d) Wife of Emperor Shah Alam

367. Consider the following statements:I. After the defeat Shivaji was honourably

treated by the Mughals when he came toaccept Mughal authority.

II. The term ‘mansabdar’ refers to anindividual who holds a position or rank.

III. By Aurangzeb’s reign, the number ofmansabdars decreased immensely.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) II only (b) II and III(c) III only (d) I, II and III

368. Mirza Hakim was half brother of the MughalEmperor:(a) Babur (b) Humayun(c) Akbar (d) Jahangir

369. The Kandariya Mahadeva temple dedicatedto Shiva was constructed by King:(a) Dhangadeva (b) Harshdev(c) Vijaypal (d) Yashovarman

370. Which Sinhalese ruler tried to find and restorethe gold statue of the Buddha which was takenaway by the Pandyan king ShrimaraShrivallabha?(a) Udaya I (b) Udaya II(c) Sena I (d) Sena II

371. Chokhamela was a:(a) Marathi merchant(b) Marwari merchant(c) Marwari saint-poet(d) Marathi saint-poet



372. The Rashtrakutas were initially subordinateto the:(a) Cheras (b) Chalukyas(c) Cholas (d) Pandyas

373. The Begumpuri mosque was built in the reignof which Delhi Sultan?(a) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq(b) Muhammad Tughluq(c) Firuz Shah Tughluq(d) Alauddin Khalji

374. Consider the following statements:I. Mughal emperor Babur succeeded to the

throne of Ferghana in 1494 at the age of15.

II. In 1526 Babur defeated the Sultan of Delhi,Ibrahim Lodi, at Delhi.

III. Akbar was 13 years old when he becameemperor.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?(a) I only (b) II only(c) II and III (d) III only

375. Who was the Mughal Emperor during therebellion of 1857?(a) Akbar Shah(b) Shah Alam(c) Muhammad Shah(d) Bahadur Shah Zafar

376. Banabhatta was the court poet of which ofthe following Indian monarchs?(a) Chandragupta Maurya(b) Chandragupta(c) Vikramaditya(d) Harshvardhana

377. Consider the following statements:A : The Indian Railways had to turn to TISCO

for supply of rails in the 1910s.R : World War I broke out in 1914.


reason for A

(b) if A and B both are true but B is not theright reason for A

(c) A is true but not B(d) B is true but not A

378. Who started the Asiatic Society of Bengal?(a) William Carey(b) Thomas Babington Macaulay(c) William Jones(d) William Adam

379. The Government Sanskrit College in Benaraswas established in:(a) 1791 (b) 1820(c) 1836 (d) 1898

380. Who among the following was against thepromotion of vernaculars in Indian education?(a) Henry Thomas Colebrooke(b) Thomas Babington Macaulay(c) Nathaniel Halhed(d) William Jones

381. Consider the following statements:I. The Wood’s Despatch emphasised on the

importance of oriental learning.II. Shantiniketan was established by

Mahatma Gandhi in 1901.


382. In 1854, the Court of Directors of the EastIndia Company in London sent an educationaldespatch to the Governor-General in India. Itwas known as the:(a) Wood’s Despatch(b) Macaulay’s Despatch(c) Mill’s Despatch(d) Colebrooke’s Despatch

383. The English Education Act, followingMacaulay’s minute, was introduced in:(a) 1815 (b) 1825(c) 1835 (d) 1845



384. The Satnami movement in Central India wasfounded by:(a) Haridas Thakur(b) Ghasidas(c) Shri Narayana Guru(d) Dayanand Saraswati

385. Consider the following statements:I. Rammohun Roy was keen to spread the

knowledge of Western education In India.II. Jyotiba Phule was an ardent supporter of

the anti-colonial nationalism.


386. The Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by:(a) Raja Rammohun Roy(b) Swami Vivekanand(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati(d) Jyotiba Phule

387. Who wrote the book Gulamgiri?(a) Mahatma Gandhi(b) Jyotiba Phule(c) Swami Dayanand Saraswati(d) Vinoba Bhave

388. Who started the temple entry movement in1927?(a) Bhimrao Ambedkar(b) Mahatma Gandhi(c) Vinoba Bhave(d) Baba Amte

389. The Self Respect Movement was started by:(a) Jyotiba Phule(b) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker(c) Mahatma Gandhi(d) Bhimrao Ambedkar

390. Keshub Chunder Sen was one of the mainleaders of the:(a) Satnami Movement(b) Prarthana Samaj(c) Brahmo Samaj(d) Arya Samaj

391. Consider the following statements:I. According to the Child Marriage Restraint

Act of 1929 no woman below the age of16 could marry.

II. The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Collegewas founded in 1905.


392. Who founded the Ramakrishna Mission?(a) Swami Vivekanand(b) Swami Dayanand Saraswati(c) Raja Rammohun Roy(d) Baba Amte

393. Thomas Daniell and William Daniell are knownfor their paintings of:(a) the great warrior kings of India(b) war scenes in India(c) picturesque landscapes of India(d) Indian traditions

394. Consider the following statements:I. According to the Ilbert Bill, Indian judges

were not allowed to try the Europeans.II. The Indian National Congress during its

first twenty years was extremist in itsobjectives and methods.


395. Who among the following was, for a time,member of the British Parliament?(a) Surendranath Banerji(b) Dadabhai Naoroji(c) Pherozshah Mehta(d) W.C. Bonnerji



396. Consider the following statements:I. A.O. Hume tried to bring in a bill through

the British Parliament to ban the IndianNational Congress

II. Pherozeshah Mehta joined the IndianNational Congress during its extremist era.


397. Who was the first president of the IndianNational Congress?(a) W.C. Bonnerji(b) Dadabhai Naoroji(c) Badruddin Tyadji(d) Surendranath Banerji

398. Who was the viceroy of India when the ArmsAct was enacted which disallowed Indiansfrom possessing arms?(a) Lord Ripon(b) Lord Lyyton(c) Lord Lansdowne(d) Lord Northbrook

399. Who founded the Indian Association in 1876?(a) W.C. Bonnerji(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak(c) Pherozshah Mehta(d) Surendranath Banerji

400. “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it”.Who said these famous words?(a) Lala Lajpat Rai(b) Bepin Chandra Pal(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak(d) Subhash Chandra Bose

401. Who partitioned Bengal in 1905?(a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Curzon(c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Lytton

402. Who was the viceroy of India when theVernacular Press Act was enacted?(a) Lord Lytton (b) Lord Ripon(c) Lord Canning (d) Lord Dufferin

403. The Swadesi Movement was an immediatereaction to the:(a) Jallianwala Bagh massacre(b) Defence of India Act(c) Partition of Bengal(d) Rowlatt Act

404. Who was the viceroy of India when the AllIndia Muslim League was formed?(a) Lord Curzon (b) Lord Lytton(c) Lord Minto (d) Lord Lansdowne

405. Consider the following statements:I. The Muslim League supported the

partition of Bengal.II. The Non-cooperation Movement in deltaic

Andhra was known as the VandematramMovement.


406. Consider the following statements:I. According to partition of Bengal by

Curzon, Bihar, Orissa and Assam wereto on one side and Bengal on the otherside.

II. The partition of Bengal was done foradministrative convenience.


407. The demand of separate electorates, madeby the Muslim league, was conceded by thegovernment in:(a) 1905 (b) 1907(c) 1909 (d) 1912

408. What is the importance of the Surat Split of1907?(a) The Indian National Congress was split in

two groups – the moderates and theextremists.

(b) The partition of Bengal was announced in1907 in Surat.



(c) The government conceded the demand ofthe Muslim League for separateelectorates.

(d) The Muslim League was formed under AgaKhan.

409. The Lucknow pact of 1916 was signedbetween:(a) the extremists and the moderates of the

Indian National Congress.(b) the Indian National Congress and the

Muslim League.(c) the Indian National Congress and the

government.(d) the Muslim League and the government.

410. Which event, during the World War I, inspiredthe nationalists in India?(a) American Civil War(b) French Revolution(c) Russian Revolution(d) First Italo-Ethiopian war

411. When did Mahatma Gandhi arrive in India?(a) 1910 (b) 1912(c) 1915 (d) 1919

412. Who was the viceroy of India when theJallianwala Bagh massacre took place?(a) Lord Chelmsford(b) Sydney Rowlatt(c) Lord Curzon (d) Lord Irwin

413. The Champaran Satyagraha was against:(a) the enormously high taxes imposed on

the poor people.(b) indigo plantation in Champaran.(c) the Rowlatt Act.(d) the Defence of India Act.

414. Consider the following statements:III. The Rowlatt Act imposed judgement

without trial in India.IV. The Rowlatt Act was enacted in 1915.


415. The Khilafat issue was related to the:(a) Partition of Bengal(b) Muslim League(c) Turkish Sultan(d) Nizam of Hyderabad.

416. Consider the following statements:A : Mahatma Gandhi called off the Non-

Cooperation Movement in February 1922.R : A police station in Chauri Chaura was set

on fire in 1922.


reason for A(b) if A and B both are true but B is not the


417. The Simon Commission came to India in:(a) 1924 (b) 1925(c) 1926 (d) 1927

418. Who among the following was one of thefounders of the Hindustan SocialistRepublican Association in 1928?(a) Subhash Chandra Bose(b) Bipin Chandra Pal(c) Chitta Ranjan Das(d) Bhagat Singh

419. Members of the Hindustan SocialistRepublican Association assassinatedSaunders, a police officer, to avenge the deathof:(a) Gopal Krishna Gokhale(b) Lala Lajpat Rai(c) Bal Gangadhar Tilak(d) Bipin Chandra Pal

420. When did the Indian National Congresscontest its first elections?(a) 1930 (b) 1934(c) 1937 (d) 1941



421. Consider the following statements:I. The Simon Commission had only two

Indian representatives.II. The Indian National Congress launched

the Quit India Movement during the WorldWar II.


422. Who said the words “do or die” at the start ofthe Quit India Movement?(a) Subhash Chandra Bose(b) Mahatma Gandhi(c) Jawaharlal Nehru(d) Vallabhbhai Patel

423. Who formed the Azad Hind Fauj to free Indiafrom British control?(a) Chandra Shekhar Azad(b) Bhagat Singh(c) Lala Lajpat Rai(d) Subhash Chandra Bose

424. Who became the first Indian Governor-Generalof free India?(a) Chakravarti Rajagopalachari(b) Lal Bahadur Shastri(c) Rajendra Prasad(d) Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

425. Consider the following statements:I. Lala Lajpat Rai was among the moderates

section of the Indian National Congress.II. The first session of the Indian National

Congress was held in Pune.


426. Who among the following announced August16, 1946 as the “Direct Action Day”?(a) Mahatma Gandhi(b) Vallabhbhai Patel(c) Mohammad Ali Jinnah(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

427. Who wrote the book Poverty and Un-Britishrule in India?(a) Dadabhai Naoroji(b) Badruddin Tyabji(c) W.C. Bonnerji(d) Vallabhbhai Patel

428. Consider the following statements:I. Division on boycott was the main reason

for the Surat Split of 1907.II. The All India Muslim League was formed

in Lahore in 1906.


429. Mahatma Gandhi asked the Indian people toobserve 6 April 1919 as a day of non-violentopposition to the:(a) Government of India Act(b) Rowlatt Act(c) Defence of India Act(d) Indian Press Act

430. Who among the following renounced hisknighthood?(a) Rabindranath Tagore(b) Mahatma Gandhi(c) Surendranath Benerji(d) Gopal Krishna Gokhale

431. Potti Sriramulu, a Gandhian leader, went ona hunger fast demanding the formation of:(a) Karnataka(b) Tamil Nadu(c) Kerala(d) Andhra Pradesh

432. The bilingual state of Bombay was dividedinto two states in:(a) 1955 (b) 1957(c) 1960 (d) 1966



433. Consider the following statements:I. The British annexed Nagpur through the

Doctrine of Lapse.II. The British gained Orissa from the

Marathas after winning the second Anglo-Maratha War.


434. To break the salt law, Mahatma Gandhimarched from Sabarmati to:(a) Surat (b) Ahamedabad(c) Baroda (d) Dandi

435. Which Chola ruler raided and captured theSoutheast Asian empire Srivijaya and harbourcities of Sumatra and Malay Peninsula?(a) Vijayalaya (b) Rajendra I(c) Rajendra II (d) Raja Raja I

436. Why was the ‘Hiranya-Garbha’ ritualperformed?(a) It was thought to lead to the “rebirth” of

the sacrificer as a Kshatriya(b) It was thought to lead to the “rebirth” of

the sacrificer as a Brahmana(c) It was thought to lead to the “rebirth” of

the sacrificer as a heir to his own empire(d) None of the above.

437. What do you understand by the term Vettiregarding the Cholas?(a) name of a warship under King Rajendra I(b) a ritual performed by the Chola Kings(c) a tax levied the Cholas(d) a piece of land won by the Cholas

overthrowing some other ruler

438. The “tripartite struggle” for control over Kanaujwas between:(a) Gurjara-Pratiharas, Rashtrakutas and

Palas(b) Cholas, Rashtrakutas and Pandyas(c) Chahamanas, Paramaras and Palas(d) Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas

439. Which of the following rulers entrusted ascholar to write Kitab-al Hind, an account ofthe Indian subcontinent?(a) Akbar(b) Babar(c) Muhammad Ghori(d) Mahmud of Ghazni

440. X defeated Muhammad Ghori in 1191 AD, butlost to him the very next year, in 1192 AD.Who was X?(a) Cholas(b) Pandyas(c) Chahamanas(d) Pratiharas

441. Prashastis, written by learned Brahmanas,were:(a) biographies of foreign invaders.(b) praise of the ruler.(c) in praise of their own works and talents.(d) in praise of the empire and its natural

resources.

442. Delhi first became the capital of a kingdomunder :(a) Tomara Rajputs(b) Chahamanas of Ajmer(c) Qutbuddin Aybak(d) Ghiyasuddin Balban

443. Which of the following female rulers changedher name and pretended to be a man?(a) Raziyya(b) Kumaradevi(c) Didda(d) Rudramadevi

444. Military expeditions from the Delhi Sultanateinto southern India started during the reignof:(a) Qutbuddin Aybak(b) Raziyya(c) Jalaluddin Khalji(d) Alauddin Khalji



445. What is the Bandagan system used by theearly Delhi Sultans in their administration?(a) the Delhi Sultans appointed their wives

instead of appointing aristocrats or leadersto high administrative posts

(b) the Delhi Sultans appointed their trustworthy slaves instead of appointingaristocrats or leaders to highadministrative posts

(c) the Delhi Sultans decided to appoint theirfamily members instead of appointingaristocrats or leaders to highadministrative posts

(d) the Delhi Sultans removed all the highadministrative posts

446. Kharaj is a type of tax collected under theSultans of Delhi. It was a tax levied on:(a) cultivation (b) cattle(c) road (d) houses

447. Siri Fort was built under which Delhi Sultan?(a) Alauddin Khalji(b) Firuz Shah Tughlaq(c) Muhammad Tughluq(d) Jalaluddin Khilji

448. Which Delhi Sultan emptied and garrisonedthe old city Dehli-i Kuhna and sent itsresidents to Daulatabad in the south?(a) Jalaluddin Khilji(b) Muhammad Tughluq(c) Ghiyasuddin Balban(d) Bahlul Lodi

449. Who was the first Delhi Sultan to plan tocapture Mongol territory?(a) Shamsuddin Iltutmish(b) Ghiyasuddin Balban(c) Ghiyasuddin Tughluq(d) Muhammad Tughluq

450. What are Delhiwal?(a) Land tax in Delhi during the early medieval

India(b) Tax on trading activities in Delhi during

the early medieval India

(c) Coins minted in Delhi during the earlymedieval India

(d) Garrisoned towns in Delhi during the earlymedieval India

451. Who defeated Mughal emperor Humayun in1540 AD and captured Delhi to establish hisown dynasty?(a) Ibrahim Lodi (b) Sher Shah Suri(c) Vikramaditya (d) Firuz Shah Suri

452. The authors of Persian tawarikh criticised theDelhi Sultans:(a) for preserving an unjust social order basedon birthright.(b) for treating their daughters as inferior totheir sons.(c) for appointing their loyal slaves to highadministrative posts.(d) none of the above

453. Which of the following is the rightchronological order of the dynasties that ruledDelhi?(a) Sayyid, Khalji, Tughluq, Lodi(b) Khalji, Tughluq, Lodi, Sayyid(c) Khalji, Tughluq, Sayyid, Lodi(d) Tughluq, Khalji, Sayyid, Lodi

454. The mother of Shah Jahan was a Rajputprincess, daughter of the ruler of:(a) Amber (b) Marwar(c) Mewar (d) Bundelkhand

455. Consider the following statements:I. Abul Fazl wrote a three volume history of

Akbar’s reign titled Ain-i AkbariII. The third volume is known as Akbar NamaIII. The third volume dealt with Akbar’s

ancestors.

Which of the above statements is/are true?(a) I only (b) I and II(c) III (d) none of the above



456. Zabt was a revenue system adopted duringthe Mughal period in India. It was:(a) a system where tax was directly

proportional to the land owned, even if itwas not cultivated.

(b) based on a survey of crop yields, pricesand areas cultivated for a ten-year period.

(c) based on past year performance of thecultivator.

(d) a system which brought soldiers in thetax paying ambit.

457. Maratha ruler Shivaji was defeated andinsulted by:(a) Aurangzeb (b) Akbar(c) Safavid Khan (d) Jahangir

458. Aurangzeb’s son who rebelled, along with theMarathas, against his father was:(a) Bahadur Shah(b) Azam Shah(c) Muhammad Akbar(d) none of the above

459. Abul Fazl was a courtier and a close friendof:(a) Akbar (b) Humayun(c) Shah Jahan (d) Babur

460. Consider the following statements regardingthe Mughal empire in India.I. Humayun was the emperor for a longer

period than his father Babur.II. Babur was the emperor for more than 10

years.


461. Consider the following statements:I. From their father’s side, the Mughals were

the successors of Genghis Khan.II. Timur was the ruler of Mongol tribes.


462. Todar Mal was the revenue minister for:(a) Babur (b) Humayun(c) Shah Jahan (d) Akbar

463. Consider the following statements:

A : Humayun’s second tenure as the Mughalemperor lasted just for an year.

R : Humayun was defeated by Sher Shah Suriat Chausa and Kanauj.

Choose the correct option out of the following(a) if A and R both are true and R is the right

reason for A(b) if A and R both are true but R is not the

right reason for A(c) A is true but not R(d) R is true but not A

464. Consider the following statements:I. The Mughals did not believe in the rule of

primogeniture.II. Aurangzeb introduced the revenue system

called zabt.


465. In the custom of coparcenary inheritance, afather’s property is inherited:(a) to the eldest son(b) to the most able son(c) to the eldest daughter(d) among all his sons

466. Consider the following statements:I. Ain-i Akbari was not written by Abul Fazl,

the author of the Akbar Nama.II. Mehrunnisa was married to the Emperor

Humayun.




467. The Lichchhavis group was a part of which ofthe following mahajanapadas?(a) Malla (b) Vajji(c) Panchala (d) Kashi

468. Which of the following events occurred thefirst?(a) Introduction of the Permanent Settlement(b) East India Compant appointed as the

Diwan of Bengal(c) ‘Blue Rebellion’ by indigo farmers(d) Introduction of the Mahalwari Settlement

469. Which of the following Governor-Generals ofIndia decided that after the then MughalEmperor’s death none of his descendantswould be recognised as kings?(a) Lord Ripon (b) Lord Canning(c) Lord Dalhousie (d) Lord Curzon

470. Who among the following was also know as‘Periyar’?(a) Henry Derozio(b) Swami Vivekananda(c) Shri Narayana Guru(d) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker

471. In 1803, the British gained control of Delhiafter defeating the:(a) Marathas(b) Mughal emperor Akbar Shah(c) Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah(d) Sikhs of Punjab

472. What is a cul-de-sac?(a) a street along a circular path(b) a fort with several gates(c) a street with a dead end(d) a fort with no windows

473. Which of the following period in Delhi’s historyis also known as a period of Delhirenaissance?(a) 1830-1857 (b) 1857-1875(c) 1875-1890 (d) 1890-1911

474. In the second half of the nineteenth century,which of the following came to be known asthe “workshop of the world”?(a) Russia (b) Britain(c) France (d) Germany

475. Consider the following statements:I. A Durbar was held in Delhi in 1911 by the

British to acknowledge Queen Victoria asthe empress of India.

II. The Delhi College, formed in 1792, is nowknown as Lady Shri Ram College forWomen.


476. The Portuguese first entered India through:(a) Surat (b) Calicut(c) Bombay (d) Goa

477. Consider the following statements:I. India became world’s largest producer of

cotton after the British conquered Bengalin 1757.

II. “Muslin” was a name given by theEuropeans to finely woven textiles.


478. Patola weave is an ancient art from:(a) Gujarat (b) Karnataka(c) Punjab (d) Tamil Nadu

479. The Calico Act of 1720, enacted by the Britishgovernment, was to ban:(a) ban the use of chintz in England.(b) ban the import of cotton from India.(c) ban the use of indigo for dying cloths.(d) ban the import of Indian indigo to promote

woad for dying cloths.

480. Who invented the steam engine?(a) Nicolas Joseph Cugnot(b) Richard Arkwright(c) Gottlieb Daimler(d) Karl Benz



481. Consider the following statements:I. With the start of the nineteenth century,

demand for the Indian woven clothincreased enormously in Europe, Africaand America.

II. The charkha was put on the flag of theIndian National Congress in 1931.


482. The first cotton mill in India was set up in:(a) Madras (b) Surat(c) Calcutta (d) Bombay

483. Wootz is a type of:(a) cotton (b) steel(c) printed textile (d) dye

484. The tank in Hauz Khas complex in Delhi wasconstructed by:(a) Akbar (b) Shah Jahan(c) Aurangzeb (d) Allauddin Khilji

485. Who among the following was a famousSanskrit grammarian?(a) Satyakama Jabala(b) Gargi Vachaknavi(c) Panini(d) Lopamudra

MISCELLANEOUS


I. Buffer stock increases commodity priceswhen supplies are short.

II. Decrease in Minimum Support Pricemeans increase in farmer income.


487. Who wrote the book ‘Two Treatises ofGovernment’?(a) Rousseau(b) Thomas Hobbes(c) Pierre Joseph Proudhon(d) John Locke

488. Which is the first ever known autobiographyof an Indian woman?(a) City of two gateways(b) Beyond the jungle(c) Amar Jiban(d) My reminiscences


I. National Food for Work Programme waslaunched in 1975.

II. Antyodaya is a kind of ration card issuedby the government.


490. Who is the first woman train driver for theNorthern Railways?(a) Savitribai Phule(b) Toolika Rani(c) Laxmi Lakra(d) Shail Mishra

491. Kesar Saga is:(a) a Tibetan epic(b) a Bangla epic(c) Burmese national anthem(d) a Tamil epic

492. Which of the following states has the highestper capita income?(a) Delhi(b) Maharashtra(c) Kerala(d) Goa




I. Highest contributing sector to the GDP ofIndia is the secondary sector.

II. Primary sector’s contribution to the GDPof India is almost double the contributionmade by the tertiary sector.


494. According to the Constitution of India, whoamong the villagers is a member of a GramSabha?(a) Anyone who is 35 years old or above and

elected by the Gram Panchayat to theGram Sabha

(b) Anyone who is 35 years old or above(c) Anyone who is elected by the Gram

Panchayat to the Gram Sabha(d) Anyone who has the right to vote in the

concered village.

495. ‘Gram Sevak’ is a term used for:(a) Gram Panchayat President(b) Gram Panchayat Secretary(c) Ward Panch(d) Gram Sabha member

496. Which of the following is the first state in Indiato introduce the midday meal scheme?(a) Kerala (b) Tamil Nadu(c) Gujarat (d) Karnataka

497. Article 17 of the Indian Constitution is about:(a) Right to religion(b) Right to freedom(c) Right to education(d) Right to equality

498. Which of the following states has the highestinfant mortality rate (IMR) in India?(a) Bihar (b) Madhya Pradesh(c) Rajasthan (d) Haryana

499. COPRA 1986 is:(a) Consumer Protection Act(b) Company Protection Act(c) Corruption Prevention Act(d) none of the above

500. Self Help Groups (SHG) are groups of:(a) Security personnel in rural areas(b) Money lenders in rural areas(c) Medics in rural areas(d) craftsmen in rural areas



Answers and Explanations1 b 51 b 101 c 151 c 201 c 251 b 301 b 351 b 401 b 451 b2 d 52 b 102 a 152 c 202 a 252 b 302 b 352 b 402 a 452 c3 b 53 a 103 b 153 b 203 c 253 d 303 c 353 d 403 c 453 c4 a 54 c 104 a 154 a 204 a 254 c 304 b 354 d 404 c 454 b5 d 55 b 105 c 155 c 205 a 255 a 305 b 355 a 405 c 455 d6 a 56 a 106 a 156 a 206 d 256 a 306 b 356 c 406 d 456 b7 b 57 d 107 d 157 d 207 a 257 c 307 b 357 a 407 c 457 a8 b 58 c 108 a 158 a 208 d 258 d 308 b 358 a 408 a 458 c9 d 59 a 109 a 159 d 209 c 259 b 309 d 359 b 409 b 459 a

10 b 60 b 110 c 160 b 210 a 260 c 310 a 360 c 410 c 460 a11 a 61 a 111 c 161 a 211 d 261 d 311 c 361 c 411 c 461 d12 d 62 b 112 b 162 d 212 b 262 a 312 b 362 d 412 a 462 d13 a 63 c 113 b 163 b 213 b 263 d 313 a 363 b 413 b 463 b14 a 64 d 114 c 164 c 214 c 264 b 314 c 364 b 414 a 464 d15 b 65 a 115 c 165 d 215 a 265 a 315 b 365 d 415 c 465 d16 b 66 c 116 c 166 a 216 d 266 b 316 c 366 c 416 a 466 d17 c 67 c 117 b 167 b 217 b 267 b 317 d 367 a 417 d 467 b18 a 68 b 118 c 168 d 218 c 268 d 318 a 368 c 418 d 468 b19 d 69 a 119 a 169 c 219 b 269 b 319 a 369 a 419 b 469 b20 c 70 d 120 b 170 a 220 a 270 a 320 c 370 d 420 c 470 d21 b 71 b 121 a 171 c 221 d 271 b 321 c 371 d 421 b 471 a22 c 72 b 122 d 172 b 222 b 272 d 322 a 372 b 422 b 472 c23 d 73 a 123 b 173 a 223 c 273 a 323 c 373 b 423 d 473 a24 b 74 c 124 c 174 d 224 b 274 c 324 a 374 d 424 a 474 b25 b 75 d 125 d 175 b 225 a 275 b 325 d 375 d 425 d 475 b26 d 76 a 126 b 176 d 226 b 276 c 326 a 376 d 426 c 476 b27 c 77 b 127 d 177 c 227 a 277 b 327 c 377 a 427 a 477 b28 d 78 c 128 b 178 b 228 d 278 b 328 b 378 c 428 a 478 a29 b 79 a 129 a 179 b 229 b 279 a 329 d 379 a 429 b 479 a30 b 80 a 130 b 180 a 230 a 280 b 330 c 380 b 430 a 480 b31 b 81 a 131 a 181 c 231 b 281 c 331 a 381 d 431 d 481 b32 d 82 a 132 c 182 a 232 c 282 d 332 b 382 a 432 c 482 d33 c 83 c 133 c 183 d 233 a 283 a 333 d 383 c 433 c 483 b34 a 84 c 134 c 184 b 234 c 284 d 334 b 383 b 434 d 484 d35 d 85 a 135 b 185 c 235 c 285 b 335 a 385 a 435 b 485 c36 c 86 a 136 b 186 c 236 d 286 b 336 a 386 d 436 a 486 d37 c 87 c 137 a 187 b 237 b 287 a 337 d 387 b 437 c 487 d38 d 88 a 138 b 188 b 238 a 288 a 338 b 388 a 438 a 488 c39 b 89 b 139 d 189 b 239 d 289 c 339 b 389 b 439 d 489 b40 b 90 d 140 a 190 a 240 c 290 b 340 b 390 c 440 c 490 c41 a 91 b 141 d 191 d 241 a 291 b 341 c 391 a 441 b 491 a42 b 92 d 142 a 192 c 242 d 292 a 342 b 392 a 442 a 492 d43 d 93 c 143 b 193 d 243 a 293 b 343 a 393 c 443 d 493 d44 d 94 b 144 c 194 a 244 b 294 d 344 d 394 d 444 d 494 d45 b 95 c 145 d 195 a 245 b 295 b 345 b 395 b 445 b 495 b46 a 96 d 146 b 196 d 246 a 296 c 346 a 396 d 446 a 496 b47 a 97 b 147 a 197 a 247 a 297 b 347 d 397 a 447 a 497 d48 c 98 a 148 b 198 c 248 d 298 d 348 b 398 b 448 b 498 b49 c 99 c 149 b 199 c 249 b 299 a 349 a 399 d 449 d 499 a50 b 100 a 150 d 200 d 250 c 300 a 350 b 400 c 450 c 500 b



Geography

1. b The part of the Himalayas lying between Satluj andKali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalayas.

2. d Northern Circar is the northern part of easterncoastal plains of India. The Malabar coast and theKannad Plain are the southern and central stretchesof the western coastal plains.

3. b With its hundreds of tributaries, the Amazon drainsa territory of more than 7 million sq km, roughly halfof which is in Brazil.

4. a A trellis drainage pattern develops where hard andsoft rocks exist parallel to each other.

5. d

6. a The northern plains, lying at the foothills of theHimalayas, were formed by the deposition of alluviumover millions of years in this basin.

7. b Anamudi, at 2695 metres, is the highest peak of theWestern Ghats.

8. b The northern plains start with the bhabhar belt whilethe terai belt lies south of the bhabhar.The streams which disappear in the bhabhar re-emerge in the terai belt.

9. d Lohit is a tributary of river Brahmaputra.

10. b Plants take in carbon dioxide through the stomata ofthe leaves.

11. a The Central Highlands lie north of the Narmada rivercovering a major area of the Malwa plateau. TheDeccan Trap is of volcanic origin hence it is made upof igneous rocks.

12. d It is the bhangar belt which is made up of olderalluvium. The khadar are newer, younger depositsof the flood plains.

13. a

14. a Plants cannot absorb atmospheric nitrogen throughstomata of the leaves. The gaseous nitrogen isconverted to useful form by bacteria in the soil,which can finally be absorbed by the roots alongwith water and other minerals.

15. b According to the Indus Water Treaty of 1960, Indiacan use only 20% of the total water carried by theIndus river system.The Brahmaputra takes a U turn on reaching theMount Namcha Barwa and enters India in ArunachalPradesh through a gorge.

16. b The river Ganga bifurcates in West Bengal. Thesubsidiary branch, the Bhagirathi, winds south toform the Hooghly river.

17. c The gravity of the earth pulls all materials on itssurface downwards. These downward movementsare called mass movement or mass wasting.

18. a The Moho discontinuity, named after the geologistMohorovicic, is the boundary between earth’s crustand earth’s mantle.

19. d The outer core is a liquid region composed mostly ofiron, with smaller amounts of nickel and sulphur inliquid form. The inner core is solid and is composedmostly of iron and nickel.As the core is made up of mainly metals, it is alsoknown as the metallic core.

20. c The continental crust is less dense than the oceaniccrust because the continental crust is made of a mixof light and dense rocks while the oceanic crust iscomposed mostly of dense igneous rocks.

21. b Oxygen is the most abundant element of the earth’scrust followed by silicon, aluminium and iron.

22. c Granite is an igneous rock of visible crystallineformation and texture. It is composed of feldsparand quartz, with a small amount of mica.

23. d The average thickness of the oceanic crust is about5 km while the average thickness of the continentalcrust is about 40 km.The asthenosphere is a 100 km thick layer found atthe top of the lower mantle.

24. b Igneous rocks are formed by the solidification ofmagma while metamorphic rocks and sedimentaryrocks are composed of pre-existing rocks.

25. b Shale is a sedimentary rock formed by theconsolidation of beds of clay or mud.When two continental plates converge, neither platecan be forced under the other. Instead, folds may becreated. The Himalayas have been formed in thisway.

26. d The San Andreas fault is a rift caused, not by collisionbetween plates, but by the movement of plates awayfrom each other.The inner core of the earth is solid and made of iron,nickel and sulphur.

27. c Lake Baikal, the deepest lake in the world, is a freshwater lake located in Siberia. It is the deepest lake inthe world with a maximum depth of 1,637 m. It isestimated to contain approximately one-fifth of allthe earth’s fresh surface water.



28. d The Pamir Knot is the meeting place of manymountains. It is located in the extreme north of India.

29. b K2, at 8,611 m, is the second tallest mountain in theworld. Only Mount Everest is taller than K2.

30. b Verkhoyansk is the coldest place in the northernhemisphere with a mean January temperature of–45°C.

31. b 1 nautical mile = 1.852 km

32. d According to the widely accepted Law of the Sea(Maritime Law), each nation that borders the oceanmay claim an Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), whichextends offshore for 200 nautical miles. Resourceswithin an EEZ belong to the nation that claims it.

33. c In terms of installed capacity, Tamil Nadu is rankednumber 1 followed by Maharashtra, Karnataka,Gujarat and Rajasthan.

34. a In wind power generation, kinetic energy of theblades is converted into electrical energy.

35. d The bauxite reserve in Odisha is of the order of1607 million tonnes which is more than half of thecountry’s total reserve.

36. c Net Sown Area represents the total area sown withcrops and orchards. Area sown more than once inthe same year is counted only once.Gross Crop Area represents the total area sownonce and/or more than once in a particular year, i.e.the area is counted as many times as there aresowings in a year.

37. c

38. d Mountains account for 30% of the total surface areaof India while about 43% of the area of the countryis plain area.The first National Forest Policy after independencewas set up in 1952.

39. b The Rose-ringed Parakeet population is widelydistributed all over India and in many parts of CentralAfrica. It is given the ‘least concern’ conservationstatus by the International Union for Conservation ofNature and Natural Resources.The Indian wild ass, found in the Rann of Kutch andPakistan, is an endangered animal.

40. b Buxa Tiger Reserve lies in Alipurduar sub-divisionof Jalpaiguri district of West Bengal.

41. a Dolomite is CaMg(CO3)2 which is calcium magnesiumcarbonate.

42. b Schumacher believed that natural resources shouldbe conserved and concluded that large industriesand large cities would lead to the depletion of naturalresources.

43. d In India hydroelectric power contributesapproximately 22% of the total electricity producedAbout 70% of world’s total freshwater occurs asice sheets and glaciers in Antarctica, Greenland andthe mountainous regions of the world, while a littleless than 30 % is stored as groundwater in theworld’s aquifers.

44. d Fossil fuels are non renewable and non recyclableresources.Inexhaustible resources are a subset of renewableresources. There are resources which arerenewable, like wildlife, but not inexhaustible.

45. b The Net Sown Area is over 80% of the total surfacearea in Punjab and Haryana.

46. a The IUCN headquarters is at Gland, Switzerland.

47. a Madhuca Insignis, a wild variety of mahua, is nowon the verge of extinction. Azadirachta Indica (neemtree), Prosopis Juliflora (vilayati kikar) and Acacianilotica (babul) are extensively found in India.

48. c The State of Forest Report includes plantations innatural forests and therefore fails to deliver accurateinformation about actual loss of natural forests.

49. c Gayal, also known as Mithun, is a massivesemidomesticated ox found in India. Gayals areraised in eastern states like Assam and ArunachalPradesh for meat and milk

50. b In the 1970s and 1980s, the Chipko movement inIndia fought for preservation of the forests thatprovided livelihood to the people.

51. b Jawaharlal Nehru proudly proclaimed the dams asthe ‘temples of modern India’; the reason being that itwould integrate development of agriculture and thevillage economy with rapid industrialisation andgrowth of the urban economy.

52. b China is the largest producer of rice in the worldwhile India stands at number two.

53. a Bhoodan-Gramdan movement initiated by VinobhaBhave is also known as the Blood-less Revolution.

54. c Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibreis known as sericulture.

55. b Operation Flood, also known as the White Revolution,was a dairy development programme launched inIndia in 1970.



56. a In Odisha high grade hematite ore is found inBadampahar mines in the Mayurbhanj and Kendujhardistricts.

57. d Mica is mined in Ajmer and Beawar districts ofRajasthan, Gaya in Bihar and Nellore district in AndhraPradesh.

58. c Anthracite is highest quality hard coal. It has thehighest fixed-carbon content and the lowest amountof volatile material of all types of coal.

59. a

60. b The greatest depth in the world has been recordedat Mariana Trench (11,022 metres) in the PacificOcean. Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest point inAtlantic ocean. Eurasia Basin and Java Trench arethe deepest points in Arctic Ocean and Indian Oceanrespectively.

61. a Africa is the only continent through which all threeof the Tropic of Cancer, the Equator and the Tropicof Capricorn pass through. Only the Tropic of Cancerand the Equator pass through Asia. Arctic Circlealso passes through Asia.

62. b An isthmus is a narrow strip of land that joins twolandmasses. The Isthmus of Panama (contains thecountry of Panama and the Panama Canal) links thetwo continents. Other three does no exist.

63. c

64. d Strait of Dover connects the North Sea and theEnglish Channel. Strait of Gibraltar connects theAtlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean sea, Bab-el-Mandeb connects the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.

65. a The Andes in South America are the longest mountainrange in the world with an approximate length of7200 km.

66. c

67. c To have a standard time all over the country, wecannot calculate time on the basis of the sun’smovement in the sky. It is therefore necessary toadopt the local time of some central meridian of thecountry as the standard time. The IST is calculatedfrom a clock tower located in Mirzapur (UttarPradesh) which is located on the Standard Meridianof India (82.5° E).

68. b Mahogany, Ebony and Rosewood are important treesof tropical rain forests (evergreen forests) whileTeal, Sal and Shisham are important tropicaldeciduous forest (monsoon forests) trees.

69. a Sundari is found in mangrove forests of theSundarbans. Sundarbans have been named afterSundari.

70. d

71. b Argon is the third most abundant gas comprising0.93% of the atmosphere.

72. b Pole Star (North Start) is in north direction. Tamil Naduis south of Karnataka and Arabian Sea is left ofKarnataka. Maximum area of Karnataka lies belowMaharashtra (not Andhra Pradesh). So you will mostprobably reach Maharashtra.

73. a Venus is called ‘Earth’s-Twin’ because its size andshape are very much similar to that of the earth.

74. c Narmada is one of the only three major rivers in Indiathat flow westewards and drain into the ArabianSea, Tapi and Mahi being the other two.

75. d Angel falls in Venezuela (South America) is thehighest waterfall in the world.

76. a Llanos are tropical grasslands in Venezuela. Pampasand Prairie are temperate grasslands in Argentinaand North America respectively.

77. b Taiga are coniferous trees found in very cold andsnow covered regions of the world.

78. c Ox-bow is a type of lake cut off from a river due tocontinuous deposition over the meanders.

79. a

80. a Tawa Matsya Sangh a cooperative of fisherworkersin Madhya Pradesh. It is an organisation fighting forthe rights of the displaced forest dwellers of theSatpura forest in Madhya Pradesh

81. a

82. a Tamil Nadu is the first and the only state in Indiawhich has made roof top rainwater harvestingstructure compulsory to all the houses across thestate. There are legal provisions to punish thedefaulters.

83. c Aus, Aman and Boro are three main crop varietiesof rice grown in states like West Bengal and Odisha.

84. c Jute is a Kharif season crop.

85. a Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar in Indiafollowed by the states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradeshand Madhya Pradesh.



86. a National Highway-7 is the longest and traverses 2,369 km between Varanasi and Kanyakumari.

87. c The historical Sher Shah Suri Marg between Delhiand Amritsar is the National Highway-1 of India.

88. a

89. b

90. d

91. b Marmagao port (Goa) is the premier iron ore exportingport of the country. This port accounts for aboutfifty per cent of India’s iron ore export.

92. d Oil India Ltd. (OIL) is jointly owned by public andprivate sector.Cryolite is an aluminium ore which is also used in theelectrolytic processing of bauxite.

93. c India is the largest producer of raw jute and jutegoods and stands at second place as an exporterafter Bangladesh.

94. b

95. c Fluoride in the teeth and saliva increases the abilityof teeth to replace minerals immediately when decay-producing acids attack the teeth.

96. d Lignite is a low grade brown coal, which is soft withhigh moisture content.One tonne of steel requires nearly 10 kg ofmanganese.

97. b Assam is the oldest oil producing state of India.Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan are theimportant oil fields in the state.

98. a Rawatbhata nuclear power station, also known asRajasthan Atomic Power Plant, is a nuclear powerplant located in Rawatbhata, Rajasthan.

99. c

100. a The black monazite sand of the coastal regions ofKerala contains radioactive material thorium.

101. c There are about 70 jute mills in India. Most of theseare located in West Bengal, mainly along the banksof the Hugli river.

102. a The cane produced in these states has highersucrose content. The cooler climate also ensures alonger crushing season. Moreover, the cooperativesare more successful in these states. India is thesecond largest producer of sugar in the world, Brazilbeing at number one.

103. b Rabi crops are sown in winter from October toDecember and harvested in summer from April toJune.

104. a The inhabitants of five villages in the Alwar districtof Rajasthan have declared 1,200 hectares of forestas the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’, declaring theirown set of rules and regulations which do not allowhunting, and are protecting the wildlife against anyoutside encroachments.

105. c Biogas has higher thermal efficiency in comparisonto kerosene, dung cake and charcoal.Madhya Pradesh is the biggest producer of copperin India. The Balaghat mines produce about 50% ofIndia’s copper.

106. a Alluvial soils are of two types – Khadar, the newalluvium cover, and Bhangar, the old alluvium cover.

107. d The Panchmarhi Biosphere Reserve located atSatpura Hill-ranges in Central India in the State ofMadhya Pradesh. It was designated as BiosphereReserve in 1999.

108. a The state of Madhya Pradesh has the largest forestcover in the country at 77,700 square km followedby Aruncachal Pradesh at 67, 410 square km.

109. a Forest area of India is about 23% of the total areawhile the net sown area is about 46% of the totalarea.

110. c Red soil has high iron content and is fit for crops likered gram, Bengal gram and green gram.

111. c In India, the total protected forest area and the totalreserved forest area are about 55% and 30% of thetotal forest area.Out of the total wasteland area in India, the forestdegraded area is more than 50% while the watereroded area is around 30%.

112. b The four coral reef areas identified for conservationand management in India are : Gulf of Mannar, Gulfof Kutch, Lakshadweep Islands and Andaman andNicobar Islands.

113. b The local name for the black soil in the deccan isregur soil.

114. c In terms of percentage of forest cover in relation tototal geographical area, Mizoram tops with 90.68%followed by Lakshadweep Islands with 84.56%.

115. c Van Mahotsav in India is celebrated in first week ofJuly.



116. c Project Elephant, a centrally sponsored project, waslaunched in 1992. Its objectives are to protectelephants and their habitat, to address issues ofman-animal conflict and welfare of domesticatedelephants.

117. b The Central Vigilance Commission of India was setup in 1964 to look into the complaints of corruptionagainst the public servants.

118. c According to the Human Development Report 2011,Norway is at the top of the Human DevelopmentIndex ranking while India is at 134.

119. a Kerala produces about nine-tenths of the total rubberproduction in India.

120. b According to the Census of India 2011, Haryana haslowest sex ratio (861). Kerala has the highest sexratio (1058)

121. a Except the Mediterranean sea, the other three arelakes.

122. d The Wular lake in Jammu andKashmir is the largest fresh water lake in India. Thislake is the result of the tectonic activity.

123. b The Bhakra Nangal Project in Himachal Pradesh ledto the formation of Guru Gobind Sagar.

124. c

125. d Some of the areas where women and men firstbegan to grow crops such as wheat and barleyabout 8000 years ago are located here.

126. b

127. d Chambal Joins Yamuna in Etawah district of UP.Yamuna Joins Ganga at Allahabad. Son River joinsRiver Gange near Patna, Bihar.Chambal rises in the Vindhya Range, a mountainsystem in central India, and flows in a generallynortheastern direction for 1,000 km to join theYamuna River.

128. b River Tungabhadra joins river Krishna in AndhraPradesh.

129. a Narmada flows between the Vindhya and Satpuraranges in a generally southwestern direction for1,300 km, emptying into the Gulf of Khambhat, anarm of the Arabian Sea.

130. b The Sutlej is the south-easternmost of the five riversof the Punjab which are also the tributaries of riverIndus. It rises in Tibet, flows southwest throughHimâchal Pradesh State, India, and then passesthrough the great arid plains of Punjab Province,Pakistan, joining the Indus after a course of 1,450km.

131. a Tapi flows in west direction while the other threeflow east.

132. c The Narmada rises in the Amarkantak hills in MadhyaPradesh. The Amarkantak region is the meeting pointof the Vindhyas and the Satpuras.

133. c Brahmaputra is called Tsang Po in Tibet and Jamunain Bangladesh.

134. c Godavari originates in Maharashtra while the otherthree originate in Madhya Pradesh.

135. b Godavari rises in Maharashtra near Nasik in theWestern Ghats. It flows 1,500 km generally south-east to its delta on the Bay of Bengal, into whichseven mouths of the river empty.

136. b The river Kaveri makes the second biggest waterfallin India, known as Sivasamudram.

137. a The Mahanadi rises in the highlands of Chhattisgarhand flows through Odisha to reach the Bay of Bengal.

138. b Dhuadhar falls is located on Narmada river in Jabalpurdistrict of Madhyapradesh.

139. d Koyana is a tributary of river Krishna.

140. a Godavari has got this name because of its lengthand the large area it covers.

141. d Materials in the environment which have the potentialto satisfy human needs but human beings do nothave the appropriate technology to access themare known as stock resources.Resources which are found in a region, but havenot been utilised are known as potential resources.

142. a Between June 3 and June 14, 1992, representativesfrom more than 170 nations converged on Rio deJaneiro, Brazil, for the Earth Summit.

143. b The 1992 Earth Summit’s major theme wassustainable economic development, meaningdevelopment that does not use up or destroy somany of the world’s natural resources that it cannotbe sustained over time. The meeting produced anoverall plan, called Agenda 21, in which largedeveloping countries promised to develop theirindustries with an eye toward protecting theenvironment.



144. c Mahatma Gandhi placed the greedy and selfishindividuals and exploitative nature of moderntechnology as the root cause for resource depletionat the global level. He was against mass productionand wanted to replace it with the production by themasses.

145. d The 1987 Brundtland Commission, chaired by thethen Prime Minister of Norway Gro Harlem Brundtland,on Environment and Development defined sustainabledevelopment as development that meets the needsof the present, without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs. JavierPerez de Cuellar was the United Nations SecretaryGeneral who appointed the commission.

146. b Forest area in the country should be 33% of the totalgeographical area, according to the National ForestPolicy of 1952.

147. a Khadar is new alluvial soil. It is more fertile than theold alluvial soil called Bangar.

148. b Black soil is ideal for growing cotton and is alsoknown as black cotton soil.

149. b Leaching is a process in which water carriesmaterials in solution down from one soil level toanother. The laterite soil develops in areas with hightemperature and heavy rainfall.

150. d The reddish colour of the red and yellow soils is dueto diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphicrocks.Black soils are generally poor in phosphoric content.

151. c

152. c In strip cropping, strips of grass are left to growbetween the crops. This breaks up the force of thewind and prevents soil from eroding.

153. b According to the International Union for Conservationof Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), specieswhose population levels are considered to be normalfor their survival are called normal species.

154. a The drug paclitaxel (Taxol), approved in 1992 fortreating ovarian and other cancers, is extracted fromthe bark of the Himalayan yew.

155. c Belgium shares its borders with France,Luxembourg, Germany and Netherlands

156. a

157. d The headquarters of the European Union is in thecapital of Belgium, Brussels.

History

158. a Thailand is the only Southeast Asian country neverto have been occupied by any European or otherforeign power, except in war.

159. d Under the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, China cededHong Kong to the British.Both the British and the French fought the SecondOpium War against China.

160. b After the Treaty of Nanking, the Chinese signed theTreaty of Boque which made the British its mostfavoured state. The British also got the right of ‘extra-territoriality’ through this treaty.

161. a Vietnam signed a treaty with the French in 1862which gave control of southern Vietnam to theFrench. By 1885, the French completely took overVietnam. Soon Cambodia and Laos were also addedto the French Colonial Empire.

162. d Britain occupied Egypt from Turkey to guarantee itsrepayment of the huge foreign debt.

163. b Under Aurangzeb the Mughal Empire reached itsgreatest extent. In all, it comprised 21 provinces,covering a geographical spread from Afghanistanto the north-west to the eastern extremity of Bengalin the east and from Kashmir in north to the Carnaticin the south.

164. c Aurangzeb imposed a set of Islamic laws calledFatwa-i-Alamgiri in defence of Islam and Muslimsociety.

165. d Chin Quilich Khan, popularly known as Nizam-ul-Mulk, founded the state of Hyderabad in 1724 andbecame the first Nizam of Hyderabad.

166. a Nadir Shah of Iran invaded Delhi in 1738-1739 andplundered the city. He also took away the PeacockThrone and the Koh-i-noor diamond.

167. b Bhakti Saints like Samarth Ramdas since the 15th

century had created in the minds of the Marathasthe abiding sense of mutual love and faith in oneGod. These saints too had an influence whichemphasised on the principles of good work and purityof heart.

168. d According to the treaty, the Maratha Kingdom wasdivided into two halves. The southern half of thekingdom went to Sambhaji II while the Northern Halfwent to Sahuji.

169. c The Treaty made the Nizam surrender the whole ofMalwa. By this treaty, Baji Rao I also obtained fromNizam the territory lying between rivers Narmada



and Chambal other than 50 lakh rupees as warcompensation.

170. a The Maratha power revived in norther India afteralmost a decade under Madhav Rao I. Following thedeath of Najib-ud-Daula the Marathas restored theexiled Mughal emperor Shah Alam II on the throne ofDelhi in 1772.Balaji Baji Rao was known as Nana Saheb, not BajiRao.

171. c During difficult times, diwan Balaji Vishwanath stoodsteadfastly by Sahuji (son of Sambhaji). Hence Sahujielevated him to the post of Peshwa.

172. b Jiziya is a poll tax that early Islamic rulers demandedfrom their non-Muslim subjects. Aurangzeb imposedthis tax during his reign in India.

173. a Sardeshmukhi was an additional 10% tax levied ontop of the Chauth, which was 25% tax on therevenue produced.

174. d During difficult times, diwan Balaji Vishwanath stoodsteadfastly by Sahuji (son of Sambhaji). Hence Sahujielevated him to the post of Peshwa. From then on,the office of the Peshwa became hereditary andBalaji and his successors became the de facto rulersof the Maratha kingdom.

175. b In the First Carnatic War, the French defeated theNawab of Arcot.

176. d The Third Carnatic War was won by the British. Thisfinally decided the fate of the two European powersin India.The Dutch were not involved at all in the CarnaticWars.

177. c The Battle of Wandiwash put an end to the colonialambitions of the French in India.

178. b Hector Munro was the commander of the Companyforces in the Battle of Buxar. Clive was away inEngland during the war.The Company replaced Mir Jafar with his son in lawas the Nawab of Bengal.In 1760, the Company replaced Mir Jafar with hisson in law Mir Qasim as the Nawab of Bengal.

179. b Robert Clive signed the Treaty of Allahabad on 12August 1765 with the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.By this treaty, the Emperor was taken under theCompany’s protection and was assigned Allahabadand Kara. Further, the Company also granted theEmperor an annual pension of rupees 26 lakh inreturn for a farman, which granted the Company thediwani of Bengal.

180. a Warren Hastings stopped the annual grant ofEmperor Shah Alam II. He also took away Allahabadand Kara from the Emperor and sold these territoriesback to the Nawab of Awadh.

181. c The Nizam of Hyderabad was the first Indian powerto accept the subsidiary alliance with pleasure.

182. a By the Treaty of Bassein, Peshwa Baji Rao II enteredinto subsidiary alliance with the British. In fact, hehad been forced to seek British protection afterJaswant Rao Holkar captured Pune.By the Treaty of Amritsar signed in 1809, river Sutlejhad been fixed as the boundary between the Britishand Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s territories.

183. d The Treaty of Sagauli was signed between the Britishand the Gorkhas. The Gorkha leader Amar Singhwas defeated in the First Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-16) and signed the treaty in 1816.

184. b The First Anglo-Sikh War took place in 1845-1846.Lord Hardinge was the Governor-General of Indiafrom 1844 to 1848.

185. c Although Robert Clive gave birth to the CovenantedCivil Services in India, it was Lord Cornwallis whowas regarded as the father of modern civil services.It was Cornwallis who separated the commercialand the revenue branches of the administration whilesimultaneously excluding Indians from all high offices.

186. c Maharaja Dalip Singh entered the subsidiary allianceat Lahore in 1846 through the Treaty of Lahore.After the Second Anglo-Sikh War, the Britishannexed territories in India through a law called theDoctrine of Lapse.

187. b The British took away the famous diamond Koh-i-noor from Maharaja Dalip Singh after defeating himin the Second Anglo-Sikh War.

188. b The Holkars dynasty was founded by Malhar Raowith his headquarters at Indore.

189. b Raghunath Rao II was defeated at Argaon andagreed to sign a treaty. By this treaty signed atDeogaon Raghuji Bhonsle II surrendered Orissa tothe British.

190. a Major Broadfoot, who was sent to Punjab by LordHardinge as the political agent of the British, dideverything to divide the Sikh nobles and induce theSikh army to cross river Sutlej. By the Treaty ofAmritsar signed in 1809, the river had been fixed asthe boundary between the British and Maharaj RanjitSingh’ territories. Thus, barely the Sikh army hadcrossed the river then Lord Hardinge declared war.



191. d The Gaikwar dynasty was founded by Damaji I inGujarat with his headquarters at Baroda.

192. c After getting the diwani of Bengal, Robert Cliveintroduced the dual government in Bengal. The rightof revenue collection was with the British while theadministration of the empire was handled by thenawab.

193. d The Governor-General of Bengal was made theGovernor-General of India through the Charter Actof 1833.The Charter Act of 1833 allowed Indians to holdgovernment positions under the company.

194. a The Regulating Act of 1773 gave the Governor-General of Bengal general authority over other twopresidencies, Bombay and Madras.

195. a

196. d In 1829, Lord William Bentinck abolished the systemof sati and made it punishable by law.

197. a After the premature death of Raja Rammohun Roy,the Brahmo Movement was carried forward byDwarkanath Tagorefor some time. But it was hisson Debendranath Tagore who infused new life intothe organisation and introduced the regular systemof worship in the Brahmo temples.

198. c Mahadev Govind Ranade was the founder of thePrarthana Samaj.

199. c Louis Vivian Derozio taught English literature andHistory in the Hindu College of Calcutta. The YoungBengal Movement revolved around him. His attractionas a teacher lay in motivating the students to live bytruth and shun all kinds of vices.

200. d Jyotiba Phule was not a member of the PrarthanaSamaj. He founded the Satyashodhak Samaj.

201. c The Deccan Education Society was formed in 1884under the spiritual guidance of Swami DayanandaSaraswati. It has a small school, which in course oftime grew into the famous Fergusson College ofPune.

202. a Gopal Krishna Gokhale, a member of the PrarthanaSamaj, founded the Servants of India Society in 1905.

203. c Jyotiba Phule was an active social reformer whotook up sincerely the cause of women anddowntrodden people in Maharashtra. But hiscampaign for the upliftment of the economicallyweaker sections of the society and the removal ofuntouchability acquired the character of an anti-Bramhan movement. He believed that the plight of

the weaker sections is due to the Brahmins andthere vedic traditions.

204. a The Deccan Education Society was formed in 1884under the spiritual guidance of Swami DayanandaSaraswati. It has a small school, which in course oftime grew into the famous Fergusson College ofPune.

205. a The Central Hindu College at Varanasi was foundedin 1898 by Annie Besant under the TheosophicalSociety of India.

206. d In 1875, Dayanand Saraswati formally establishedthe Arya Samaj unit at Bombay.

207. a Swami Dayanand Saraswati started the SuddhiMovement to convert the non-Hindus into Hinduism.

208. d In 1875, Sayyid Ahmad Khan established the AligarhSchool, which was upgraded to the MuhammadanAnglo-Oriental College in 1877.

209. c Keshab Chandra Sen’s minor daughter was marriedwith the minor son of the Maharaja of Cooch Behar.This was against the ideologies of the Brahmo Samajwhich led to another split in the organisation.

210. a Louis Vivian Derozio taught English literature andHistory in the Hindu College of Calcutta. The YoungBengal Movement revolved around him. His attractionas a teacher lay in motivating the students to live bytruth and shun all kinds of vices.

211. d The Theosophical Movement in India was started byAnnie Besant. The movement was inspired by thephilosophy of western enlightenment.

212. b The Theosophical Society of India was founded atAdyar near Madras (present day Chennai) in 1886by Annie Besant.

213. b The Theosophical Society was first established inUnited States of America by Madam H.P. Blavatskyand H.S. Olcott.

214. c Swami Dayanand Saraswati translated vedas andwrote three books - Satyartha Prakash, Veda-Bhasya Bhoomika and Veda Bhasya.

215. a After Ramakrishna Paramahamsa’s death in 1886,Vivekananda spent a period wandering in Indiabefore coming to international attention at the WorldParliament of Religions at Chicago in 1893. There hepresented Ramakrishna’s teachings as both the trueHinduism and a world religion.

216. d



217. b Tahzib-al-Akhlaq (Reform of Morals)was a monthlyperiodical started by Sayyid Ahmad Khan to arousethe muslim masses to a sense of self confidenceand exertion.

218. c The General Service Enlistment Act of 1856 requiredevery Indian soldier to serve wherever required.The upper caste Hindu recruits particularly feltdisturbed by the prospect of travelling overseas,which was a social taboo.

219. b The Santhal Rebellion of 1855-56 was against theBritish Colonial Authority and their oppressivepolicies.The Kuka Movement began in the western part ofPunjab with a View to cleanse the Sikh religion of itsvarious abuses and superstitions. The movementworked for the abolition of caste and restrictionsput upon inter-caste marriages, etc. However thismovement turned into a political movement after theBritish conquest of Punjab. The ouster of the Britishfrom Punjab and restoration of the Sikh sovereigntythereafter became the chief programme of the Kukas.

220. a In 1875, Swami Dayananda Saraswati formallyestablished the first Arya Samaj unit in Bombay. Threeyears later its second unit was formed at Lahoreand its headquarters were shifted there.

221. d The Rahnumai Mazdayasnan Sabha was foundedby a group of educated Parsis for the regenerationof the social conditions of the Parsis and therestoration of the Zoroastrian religion to its pristinepurity. Dadabhai Naoroji was one of its founders.

222. b Anandmath was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjiin 1882. It portrayed the tyranny of the colonialmasters.

223. c Neel Darpan is a Bengali play written by DinabandhuMitra. This play highlighted the plight of indigofarmers.

224. b A group of Bengali leaders organised the Hindu Melafor some years from 1867 onwards. Its aim was tospread nationalist ideas and promote indigenous artsand crafts.

225. a Anandamath contains the national song of India‘Vande Mataram’. Anandmath was written by BankimChandra Chatterji in 1882. It portrayed the tyrannyof the colonial masters towards their Indian subjects.

226. b Bhartendu Harishchandra is known as the father ofmodern Hindi literature. His great contributions infounding a new tradition of Hindi prose wererecognized even in his short lifetime

227. a The Kesari and Mahratta were started in 1881 by asmall group of Pune intellectuals which included BalGangadhar Tilak, V.K. Chiplunkar, G.G. Agarkar andM.B. Namjoshi.

228. d

229. b The Indian Association was founded in 1876 byAnand Mohan Bose and Surendranath Banerji inBengal.

230. a Amrit Bazar Patrika, one of the oldest newspapersin India, was a started by Sisir Kumar Ghosh and hisbrother. It was written in Bengali.

231. b Bombay Presidency Association was founded in1885 by three popular leaders of the time –Pherozeshah Mehta, K.T. Telang and BadruddinTyabji.Sisir Kumar Ghosh was the founder of the IndianLeague (1875) and editor of the famous newspaperAmrit Bazar Patrika.

232. c In 1905, Shyamji Krishna Verma set up the IndiaHouse in London. It became the hub of revolutionaryactivities outside India. The activities of India Housebecame more radical after V.D. Savarkar joined it in1907. Other active members of this group wereVirendranath Chattopadhyaya, Lala Hardayal, BhaiParamananda, Madame Bhikaiji Cama and MadanlalDhingra.

233. a The Ghadar Party was founded in 1913 in the USA.Lala Hardayal was it main leader. As soon as theWorld War I broke out, many of the Ghadrites returnedto India and for several months during 1915 carriedon revolutionary activities in central Punjab. Thisattempted uprising was quickly crushed by theBritish.

234. c Jawaharlal Nehru was the youngest electedpresident of the Congress in December 1929, whenit passed its Purna Swaraj (Complete Self-Rule)resolution in Lahore.

235. c Jawaharlal Nehru hoisted the tricolour flag of Indiain December 1929 on the banks of river Ravi inLahore. It was also resolved to observe 26 January1930 as the country’s Independence Day.

236. d The Vernacular Press Act, which imposedcensorship on the press and seditious writings inIndian languages, was also known as the ‘GaggingAct’.

237. b The Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-16) ended with theTreaty of Sagauli signed in March 1816. By thisTreaty, Gorkhas surrendered Garhwal and Kumaonto the British.



238. a Bakhshi is a military paymaster and Sadr is a ministerin charge of religious and charitable patronage. Amilitary commander was known as faujdar.

239. d Akbar emphasised on the idea Sulh-i kul whichmeans “universal peace”. This idea of tolerance didnot discriminate between people of differentreligions, instead it focused on honesty, justice, andpeace.

240. c Gangaikondacholisvaram Temple, AiravateshvaramTemple and Brihadeeshwara Temple are three ofthe four sites in Tamil Nadu which are in the list ofUNESCO’s World Heritage Sites, Monuments atMahabalipuram being the fourth one.

241. a

242. d Sultan Iltutmish won universal respect forconstructing a large reservoir just outside Dehli-ikuhna. It was called the hauz-i Sultani or the “King’sReservoir”.

243. a In the early ninth century the Pandyan king ShrimaraShrivallabha invaded Sri Lanka and defeated kingSena I.

244. b Mahmud of Ghazni was famous for his looting oftemples of defeated kings. He was called the “StatuteDestroyer” after he attacked the famous Somnathtemple and destroyed the famous Somanath statuein it.

245. b The ceremonial halls or courts of public and privateaudience (diwan-i khas) were also described asChihil Sutun or forty-pillared halls, placed within alarge courtyard.

246. a Qibla is the direction faced by Muslims at prayer.Shah Jahan’s audience halls were speciallyconstructed to resemble a mosque. The pedestal onwhich his throne was placed was frequentlydescribed as the Qibla, since everybody faced thatdirection when court was in session.

247. a It was believed that Orpheus’s music could calmferocious beasts until they resided togetherpeacefully. The construction of Shah Jahan’saudience hall aimed to communicate that the king’sjustice would treat the high and the low as equalswhere all could live together in harmony.

248. d Kunjaramallan Rajaraja Perunthachchan was thearchitect of the Rajarajeshvara temple in Thanjavur.He carved his name on the temple wall.

249. b In the lost wax technique, an image was made ofwax and then covered with clay, which was finalallowed to dry. The wax inside was taken out by

heating, through a tiny hole. Molten metal was thenpoured into the clay mould through the hole. Oncethe metal solidified the clay was carefully removed.The image was then cleaned and polished.

250. c Bhillasvamin (Bhilsa or Vidisha) is a temple town inMadhya Pradesh.

251. b Hampi is located in the Krishna-Tungabhadra basin,which formed the nucleus of the VijayanagaraEmpire, founded in 1336. Hampi fell into ruin followingthe defeat of Vijayanagara in 1565 by the DeccaniSultans.

252. b Surat was the gateway for trade with West Asia viathe Gulf of Ormuz.

253. d Bhilsweree prominent in Rajasthan, Gujarat andMadhya Pradesh. Chero chiefdoms had emerged bythe twelfth century in many areas of present-dayBihar and Jharkhand. The Maharashtra highlandsand Karnataka were home to Kolis, Berads andnumerous other tribes.

254. c The Banjaras carried grain on their bullocks fromdifferent areas and sold it in towns for Mughalemperors. They transported food grain for the Mughalarmy during military campaigns. With a large armythere could be 100,000 bullocks carrying grain

255. a In 1565, the Mughal forces under Asaf Khan attackedGarha Katanga. A strong resistance was put up byRani Durgawati (widow of Dalpat). She was defeatedand preferred to die rather than surrender. Her sonBirnarain too died fighting soon after.

256. a The Gond Kingdom of Garha Katanga was a richstate in modern day Madhya Pradesh.

257. c The Ahom state depended upon forced labour.Those forced to work for the state were called paiks.

258. d Nayanars were the Tamil saint-poets of the 7th and8th centuries who composed devotional songs inhonour of Shiva. They preached ardent love of Shiva.

259. b Alvars were the South Indian saints-poets in the 7thto 10th century who composed ecstatic songs andpoems in honour of Vishnu.

260. c The Virashaivas proponded monotheism andequality of all human beings. They rejected the castesystem and ill treatment of women.

261. d Mirabai was married into the royal family of Mewar.Mirabai became a disciple of Ravidas, a saint from acaste considered “untouchable”.



262. a Ahom society was very sophisticated. Poets andscholars were given land grants. Historical works,known as buranjis, were written first in the Ahomlanguage and then in Assamese.

263. d St. Thomas is said to have come to Kerala nearly2000 years ago and is credited with bringingChristianity to India.

264. b Fa Xian and Xuan Zang were Chinese Buddhistpilgrims who came to the subcontinent to visit placesassociated with the life of the Buddha as well asfamous monasteries.

265. a Vijayalaya built the temple of goddessNishumbhasudini in the town of Thanjavur.

266. b Sirajuddaulah was a strong ruler who refused to bea puppet of the company. He refused to give tradeconcessions and fought against the company anddied at the Battle of Plassey.

267. b Although at first, the company was only interestedin trade benefits and was unwilling to take over theresponsibility of administration. But the companyfailed to work with the inefficient puppet nawabs.After the death of Mir Jafar in 1765, the East IndiaCompany was appointed as the Diwan of theprovinces of Bengal, after Robert Clive decided thatthe company should get into the administration.

268. d Tipu Sultan was killed in the Battle of Seringapatam.This was the fourth Anglo-Mysore War.Subsidiary alliance did not allow the Indian rulers tohave their independent armed forces. They were tobe protected by the Company, but had to pay for the“subsidiary forces” that the Company was supposedto maintain for the purpose of this protection. If theIndian rulers failed to make the payment, then part oftheir territory was taken away as penalty.

269. b When Richard Wellesley was Governor-General(1798-1805), Nawab Shujauddaulah of Awadh wasforced to hand over half of his territory to theCompany in 1801, as he failed to fulfil the terms ofthe subsidiary alliance.

270. a The Treaty of Salbai was signed between the EastIndia Company and the Marathas. This was thetreaty under which the Marathas agreed to supportthe East India Company against Mysore.

271. b The fort fell to Siraj-ud-daulah, the then nawab ofBengal, in 1756.

272. d Mir Qasim, the ex-nawab of Bengal, along with theNawab of Awadh and the Mughal Emperor stoodagainst the East India Company in the Battle of Buxar.He was defeated in the battle.

The East India Company could not capture Punjab tillit was under Maharaja Ranjit Singh, but captured itafter his death.

273. a By the policy of paramountcy, the Company claimedthat its authority was paramount or supreme, henceits power was greater than that of Indian states.

274. c Wodeyar was the royal family of the princely stateof Mysore.

275. b The forces of thr Marathas and the Nizam ofHyderabad joined the company forces against TipuSultan in the Third Anglo-Mysore War.

276. c Lord Dalhousie, the Governor-General from 1848 to1856, devised this policy.Doctrine of Lapse : If an Indian ruler died without amale heir his kingdom would become part of Companyterritory.

277. b From 1772, each district was to have two courts –a civil court (diwani adalat) and a criminal court(faujdari adalat).In the late eighteenth century, there were three Britishpresidencies – Bombay, Bengal and Madras. Delhiwas still not under the control of the Company.

278. b When the British tried to annex the small state ofKitoor, Rani Chennamma took to arms and led ananti-British resistance movement. She was arrestedin by the Company officials and died in prison in1829.

279. a In 1765 Mughal emperor Shah Alam appointed theCompany as the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal.The Diwani allowed the Company to use the vastrevenue resources of Bengal.

280. b Initially the Company had purchased goods in Indiaby importing gold and silver from Britain. In 1765Mughal emperor Shah Alam appointed the Companyas the Diwan of the provinces of Bengal. The Diwaniallowed the Company to use the vast revenueresources of Bengal for further trading.

281. c Earl Cornwallis, appointed in 1786, was thegovernor-General of India when the PermanentSettlement was introduced. After the introduction ofthe Permanent Settlement in 1793, Cornwallisreturned to England the same year.

282. d In British revenue records Mahal is a revenue estatewhich may be a village or a group of villages.

283. a As the revenue was fixed permanently, the Companyexpected that the Zamindars would invest in theimprovement of land to maximise their own profits.But this did not happen.



284. d In the nij system, the land under cultivation is totallyunder control the of planter. In the ryoti system theryots cultivate indigo on 25% of their land for indigoplanters

285. b The Indigo Commission set up after the “BlueRebellion” of 1859 produced a report that said that Itdeclared that indigo production was not profitablefor ryots. The Commission asked the ryots to fulfiltheir existing contracts but also told them that theycould refuse to produce indigo in future.

286. b In the North Western Provinces of the BengalPresidency, an Englishman called Holt Mackenziedevised the new system called the MahalwariSystem. Under his directions, estimations on landrevenue were made and revised periodically, notpermanently fixed.

287. a The indigo plant grows primarily in the tropical zones.

288. a One of the main reasons for Sirajuddaulah’s defeatwas that the forces led by Mir Jafar, one ofSirajuddaulah’s commanders, never fought the battle.

289. c Under this system, the settlement was to be madedirectly with the cultivators (ryots) who had tilledthe land for generations.

290. b The first English factory was set up on the banks ofriver Hugli in Calcutta in 1651.

291. b Indigo is a better dye plant than woad. Indigoproduced a rich blue colour, whereas the dye fromwoad was pale and dull.

292. a The price the ryots got for the indigo they producedwas very low. Also, the planters usually insistedthat indigo be cultivated on the best soils in whichpeasants preferred to cultivate rice. Indigo, moreover,had deep roots and it exhausted the soil rapidly.After an indigo harvest the land could not be sownwith rice.

293. b The Palaeolithic period extends from 2 million yearsago to about 12,000 years ago. This long stretch oftime is divided into the Lower, Middle and UpperPalaeolithic. This long span of time covers 99% ofhuman history.

294. d According to the terms of subsidiary alliance, Indianrulers were not allowed to have their independentarmed forces. They were to be protected by theCompany, but had to pay huge for the forces. If theIndian rulers failed to make the payment, then part oftheir territory was taken away as penalty.

295. b

296. c At Inamgaon, adults were generally buried in theground, laid out straight, with the head towards thenorth. Sometimes burials were within the houses.Vessels that probably contained food and waterwere placed with the dead.

297. b Ashwamedha : A horse was let loose to wanderfreely and it was guarded by the raja’s men. If thehorse wandered into the kingdoms of other rajasand they stopped it, they had to fight. If they allowedthe horse to pass, it meant that they accepted thatthe raja who wanted to perform the ashwamedhawas stronger than them.

298. d Bimbisara of Haryanka dynasty was a ruler of theMagadha empire.

299. a

300. a The Nawab of Awadh was forced to give over halfof his territory to the Company in 1801 because hefailed to pay for the subsidiary forces.

301. b A number of spices like pepper and cloves are grownon the hills of Kerala. The spices made this region anattractive place for foreign traders, Jewish and Arabbeing the first.

302. b The company could not take over Punjab before1839. But after the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, itfought long wars and finally annexed Punjab in 1849.

303. c Cloth dyers in Europe preferred indigo over woadas a dye because indigo produced a rich blue colour,whereas the dye from woad was pale and dull.

304. b Rani Chennamma of Kitoor took to arms and led ananti-British resistance movement. She was arrestedin 1824 and died in prison in 1829. The other threewere active member of the rebellion.

305. b He and his wife Begum Zeenat Mahal were sent toprison in Rangoon in October 1858 after his sonswere shot dead in front of him. Bahadur Shah Zafardied in the Rangoon jail in November 1862.

306. b After the death of Rani Laxmi Bai, Tatia Tope escapedto the jungles and continued to fight a guerrilla warwith the support of many tribal leaders. He wascaptured, tried and killed in April 1859. Birjis Qadrwas the son of deposed Nawab Wajid Ali Shah ofLucknow. Qadr was proclaimed the new Nawab ofLucknow during the 1857 rebellion.

307. b Mangal Pandey was a soldier in the Bengal regimentof the East India Company. He was hanged to deathon 29 March 1857 for attacking his officers inBarrackpore.



308. b Eighty-five sepoys of the regiment at Meerut in 1857were dismissed from service and sentenced to tenyears in jail as they refused to do the army drill usingthe new cartridges, which were suspected of beingcoated with the fat of cows and pigs.

309. d Locke’s views, in his Two Treatises of Government(1690), attacked the theory of divine right of kingsand the nature of the state as conceived by Englishphilosopher and political theorist Thomas Hobbes.

310. a The British said they were “obliged by duty” to takeover Awadh in order to free the people from the“misgovernment” of the Nawab

311. c Raja Rammohun Roy made great efforts to prove tothe British that the practice of widow burning hadno sanction in ancient texts.

312. b In the Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu proposed adivision of power within the government betweenthe legislative, the executive and the judiciary.

313. a Jhansi was annexed in 1854. Lord Dalhousie wasthe Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856.

314. c The British parliament in 1858 transferred the powersof the Company to the British Crown in order toensure more responsible management andgovernance.All ruling chiefs of the country were assured thattheir territory would never be annexed in future.They were allowed to pass on their kingdoms totheir heirs, including adopted sons, hence renouncedthe Doctrine of Lapse.

315. b the British decided to recruit the gurkhas, sikhs andpathans as soldiers instead of recruiting soldiersfrom Awadh, Bihar, central India and south India.

316. c The capital of British India was transferred fromCalcutta to Delhi in 1911.

317. d Lord Lytton organised Delhi Durbar to acknowledgeQueen Victoria as the Empress of India.

318. a The central dome of the Rashtrapati Bhavan wascopied from the Buddhist stupa at Sanchi.

319. a Raja Rammohun Roy founded a reform associationknown as the Brahmo Sabha (later known as theBrahmo Samaj) in Calcutta.

320. c Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th and most recenttirthankara (ford-maker) of Jainism.

321. c Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar, used the ancient textsto suggest that widows could remarry. His suggestionwas adopted by British officials, and a law waspassed in 1856 permitting widow remarriage.

322. a The Paramhans Mandali was founded in 1840, inBombay, to work for the abolition of caste system.

323. c Parantaka I conquered the land of Pandyas and tookthe title of Maduraikondavan which means theconqueror of Madurai

324. a The Stamp Act required the colonists to buy andplace stamps on all legal documents, licenses,commercial contracts, newspapers, pamphlets, andplaying cards. This, along with other tax policies ofthe British government, were strongly opposed bythe colonists.

325. d Boston Tea Party, incident on December 16, 1773,when a group of citizens in Boston dumped tea intoBoston Harbour. It was one of several events thatled to the outbreak of the American Revolution in1775.

326. a It began on April 19, 1775. General Thomas Gage,the royal governor of colonial Massachusetts,ordered British troops to march on the small townsof Lexington and Concord, not far from Boston. Thesoldiers were told to capture resistance leadersand destroy arms and supplies. A battle began whenthe British troops exchanged fire in Lexington.

327. c On October 19, 1781, Lord Cornwallis surrenderedto American General George Washington inYorktown, Virginia. The surrender signalled the endof actual fighting in the American Revolution, althoughthe Treaty of Paris, which officially ended the war,was not signed until 1783.

328. b Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778), Frenchphilosopher, social and political theorist, musician,botanist, and one of the most eloquent writers of theAge of Enlightenment. He spread the ideas ofdemocracy among the french.

329. d The National Covention, which met on 21 September1792, translated the demand to form a republic inreality. France was now a republic.

330. c Viscount Charles Townsend (1674-1738) devisedthe system of crop rotation. It helped in keeping thesoil rich by not letting the land idle on any season.

331. a The flying shuttle, invented by John Kay in 1733,increased the speed of the weaving operation.

332. b The spinning jenny, which Hargreaves is creditedwith inventing in 1764, made possible the automaticproduction of cotton thread.

333. d The invention of power loom, and its introductioninto the manufacturing industry, was opposed bymany cloth workers who were, not unnaturally, afraidof losing their jobs to a machine. Mechanization,



however, became one of the more significant factorsthat enabled the Industrial Revolution to take place.

334. b Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin to separate cottonfibres from the seeds.

335. a The first textile factory was built in Rhode Island inthe United States by Samuel Slater.

336. a James improved the steam engine in 1769 makingthe machine more economical and valuable not onlyfor the textile mills but also for industries.

337. d In the early 18th century the demand for coalescalated when English iron founders JohnWilkinson and Abraham Darby used coal, in the formof coke, instead of charcoal to manufacture iron.

338. b

339. b Louis Pasteur invented the process of pasteurisation.Voltaire exposed the evils of absolutism andcorruption in the church. The flavor of Voltaire’sactivities could be summarized in the phrase he oftenused: écrasons l’infâme (“let us crush the infamousone”). With this phrase, he referred to any form ofreligion that persecutes nonadherents or thatconstitutes fanaticism.

340. b The representatives of the Third Estate demandedthe three Estates to meet as a single chamber withmember having a vote. The first two Estates opposedthis demand forcing the Third Estate to declare itselfas the National Assembly on 17 Junu 1789.

341. c The hot blast process refers to the preheating of airblown into blast furnace in metallurgical processes.

342. b King Louis XVI tried to flee from France with hisfamily at the start of the French Revolution, but hewas captured.The first French National Assembly took oath in atennis court because the king closed the hall of theassembly to prevent the Third Estate from carryingout its revolutionary proceedings.

343. a Henry Bessemer invented the ‘Bessemer’ processto obtain steel directly from cast iron for making railsand ship plates.

344. d Robert Fulton (1765-1815), an American inventorand engineer, designed the first efficient steamboat,thus inaugurating a new era of power-drivennavigation.

345. b Guglielmo Marconi (1874-1937), an Italian electricalengineer and Nobel laureate, invented the firstpractical radio-signaling system.

346. a Cyrus Field, an American merchant and financier,succeeded in laying the first trans-Atlantic cable in1866.

347. d The Diesel engine was invented which before theWorld War I in 1892.The ‘Open-hearth’ is used for the production of steelfrom pig iron on large scale.

348. b Poor working conditions for workers encouragedpeople to rise against the system. The workersstarted to protest by organising strikes. The gangsof masked workers, who took part in such violentstrikes, came to be called Luddites after theirlegendary leader Ned Ludd.

349. a The First Opium War was fought between the Britishand China over the issue of opium trade which wasnot being allowed by the Chinese Emperor.

350. b The Dutch took control of Malacca in the 17th centuryfrom the Portuguese.Hormuz, Goa and Malacca were some of thestrategic bases of the Portuguese in Asia in the 16th

century.

351. b The Seven Years’ War was worldwide series ofconflicts fought from 1756 to 1763 for the control ofGermany and for supremacy in colonial NorthAmerica and India. In North America, the warfareended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763, and thepeace terms reflected British military successes.Britain gained control over half the North Americancontinent, including French Canada, all Frenchterritorial claims east of the Mississippi River, andSpanish Florida.

352. b Before his death, Guru Nanak appointed Bhai Lehna(one of his followers) as his successor. He wasrenamed as Guru Angad, expressing that he was apart of Guru Nanak himself.

353. d Jahangir looked upon the Sikh community as apotential threat to his empire. So he ordered theexecution of Guru Arjan in 1606.

354. d Divya Prabandham is a compilation of devotionalsongs, written by the Alvars, in honour of Hindu godVishnu.

355. a Nadir Shah, the ruler of Iran, looted Delhi in 1739.This was followed by a series of plundering attacksby Afghan ruler Ahmed Shah Abdali. He invadedNorth India five times between 1748 and 1761. TimurShah Durrani was the successor of Ahmed ShahAbdali and Shuja Shah Durrani was the successorof Timur Shah Durrani.



356. c There is an inscription on the pillar mentioning a rulernamed Chandra, who probably belonged to theGupta dynasty.

357. a It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan. He fellin love with a courtesan named Madhavi, neglectinghis wife Kannagi. Later, he and Kannagi left forMadurai, where he was wrongly accused of theftand sentenced to death. Kannagi, full of grief andanger at this injustice, destroyed the entire city ofMadurai.

358. a The manuscripts in early India were usually writtenon palm leaf, or on the specially prepared bark of atree known as the birch, which grows in theHimalayas.

359. b A poem composed by Harshena (in Sanskrit) isinscribed on the Ashokan pillar at Allahabad. Thepoem is full of praise for Samudragupta.

360. c Harshvardhan was successful in the east andconquered both Magadha and Bengal afterconquering Kanauj. But he failed to advancedtowards the Deccan when he was stopped by theChalukya king Pulakeshin II.

361. c Mahavircharitam was written by Bhavabhuti, an 8thcentury scholar of India noted for his plays andpoetry, written in Sanskrit.

362. d Ashvaghosha was an Indian philosopher-poet wholived in Kanishka’s court of Peshawar. He was thepart of a war indemnity won by Kanishka.

363. b Satavahana rulers were known as lords of thedakshinapatha, literally the route leading to the south.

364. b Ashoka appointed officials, known as the dhammamahamatta who went from place to place teachingpeople about dhamma.

365. d The rules made for the Buddhist sangha werewritten down in a book called the Vinaya Pitaka. Thebook contained about who could join the sanghaand who couldn’t.

366. c Emperor Jahangir married Mehrunnisa in 1611.Mehrunnisa was given the title Nur Jahan (light ofthe world).

367. a Aurangzeb insulted Shivaji when he came to acceptMughal authority after his defeat.Mansabdar is one who holds a mansab, meaning aposition or rank.There was a huge increase in the number ofmansabdars by Aurangzeb’s reign. This was a bigproblem for Aurangzeb.

368. c Mirza Hakim was stepbrother of Akbar and Governorof Kabul.

369. a The Kandariya Mahadeva temple at Khajurao inMadhya Pradesh was constructed in 999 by KingDhangadeva of the Chandela dynasty. The temple isdedicated to Shiva.

370. d Shrimara Shrivallabha defeated Sena I and plunderedSri Lanka. Sena II tried to avenge this defeat of hispredecessor and launched an attack on Maduraiwhere he tried to find and restore the gold statue ofthe Buddha which was taken away by ShrimaraShrivallabha.

371. d Chokhamela, who belonged to the “untouchable”Mahar caste, was a Marathi saint-poet. He was adevotee of Vitthala (a form of Vishnu).

372. b Rashtrakutas in the Deccan were subordinate tothe Basdami Chalukyas of Karnataka till the mid-eighth century.

373. b

374. d Babur was just 12 when he succeeded to the throneof Ferghana in 1494.Babur defeated Sultan Ibrahim Lodi in the first Battleof Panipat.

375. d The British government officially abolished theMughal Empire in 1857 and exiled Bahadur ShahZafar to Burma. His sons were shot dead.

376. d Harshcharita is a biography of Harshvardhana, whoruled nearly 1400 years ago, written by his courtpoet Banabhatta.

377. a In 1914 the First World War broke out. Steel producedin Britain now had to meet the demands of war inEurope. So imports of British steel into India declineddramatically and the Indian Railways turned to TISCOfor supply of rails.

378. c In January 1784 Jones founded the Bengal AsiaticSociety. He initiated its research journal, AsiaticResearches, in 1788.

379. a The Hindu College was established in Benaras in1791 to encourage the study of ancient Sanskrittexts that would be useful for the administration ofthe country.

380. b Thomas Babington Macaulay saw India as anuncivilised country that needed to be civilised. Nobranch of Eastern knowledge, according to him couldbe compared to what England had produced.



381. d The Wood’s Despatch emphasised on the practicalbenefits of a system of European learning, asopposed to Oriental knowledge. Shantiniketan wasestablished by Rabindranath Tagore

382. a Issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Boardof Control of the Company, it has come to be knownas Wood’s Despatch.

383. c The English Education Act was introduced to makeEnglish the medium of instruction for higher educationand to stop the promotion of Oriental institutions.

384. b The Satnami movement in Central India, founded bya leader named Ghasidas who came from a “low”caste, worked among the leather workers andorganised a movement to improve their social status

385. a Rammohun Roy wanted Indian people to give up oldpractices and adopt a new way of life. He waskeen to spread western education in the countryand bring about greater freedom and equality forwomen.Jyotiba Phule was very critical of the upper-casteleaders who preached the anti-colonial nationalism.

386. d

387. b Gulamgiri was written by Jyotiba Phule in 1873. Hededicated the book to all those Americans who hadfought to free slaves in the American Civil War.

388. a Ambedkar started a temple entry movement in whichhis Mahar caste followers participated. Ambedkarled three such movements for temple entry between1927 and 1935.

389. b Convinced that untouchables had to fight for theirdignity, Naicker founded the Self Respect Movement.He argued that untouchables were the trueupholders of an original Tamil and Dravidian culturewhich had been subjugated by Brahmans.

390. c Keshub Chunder Sen was one of the main leadersof the Brahmo Samaj. He joined the sect in 1857 andemphasised social reform. He broke away from themovement to form the Bharatvarshiya Brahmo Samaj.Chunder Sen’s group promoted education forwomen, remarriage by widows and the abolition ofchild marriage.

391. a According to the Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929no man below the age of 18 and woman below theage of 16 could marry.The Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College wasfounded in 1875 by Sayyid Ahmed Khan.

392. a Returning to India from the United States in 1897with many of his followers, Vivekananda established

first the Ramakrishna Mission in Calcutta. TheRamakrishna Mission stressed the ideal of salvationthrough social service and selfless action.

393. c They came to India in 1785 and stayed for sevenyears, journeying from Calcutta to northern andsouthern India. They produced some of the mostevocative picturesque landscapes of Britain’s newlyconquered territories in India.

394. d According to the Ilbert Bill, Indian judges wereallowed to try the Europeans. This offended thewhite community and they all stood against the bill.The Indian National Congress during its first twentyyears was moderate in its objectives and methods,which was rightly so as the organisation was in itsinfant phase at that time.

395. b Naoroji, a businessman in a mercantile firm of Camaand Company and publicist settled in London, andfor a time member of the British Parliament, guidedthe younger nationalists.

396. d A.O. Hume, a retired British official, played a part inbringing Indians from the various regions together toform the Indian National Congress.Pherozeshah Mehta was one of the foundingmembers of the Indian National Congress. This wasthe time of the moderates in the Indian NationalCongress.

397. a Womesh Chandra Banerjee (1844 – 1906) was oneof the founding members of the Indian NationalCongress from Calcutta and its first president.

398. b The Arms act of 1878 was one of the policies ofLytton which proved fatal for his reign and sowedthe seeds of freedom struggle in India.

399. d Surendranath Banerji founded the Indian Associationin 1876 with the help of Anand Mohan Bose. It wasone of the first avowed nationalist organisationfounded in British India.

400. c Bal Gangadhar Tilak was among the leaders whoraised questions about the political style of theCongress in its initial phase. He believed that peoplemust rely on their own strength, not on the “good”intentions of the government. He wanted that thepeople must fight for swaraj.

401. b Curzon partitioned Bengal to curtail the influence ofBengali politicians and to split the Bengali people onthe basis of religion.

402. a The Vernacular Press Act was one of Lytton’sreactionary policies which played a part in sowingthe seeds of freedom struggle in India.



403. c The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India.All sections of the Indian National Congress opposedit. The struggle that unfolded came to be known asthe Swadeshi movement, strongest in Bengal butwith echoes in the other parts of India as well.

404. c In October 1906 a delegation of about 35 Muslimleaders called upon Lord Minto, the viceroy, to askfor separate electorates for Muslims and a weightedproportion of legislative representation that wouldreflect their historic role as rulers and their record ofcooperating with the British. This delegation, joinedby others, formed the All-India Muslim League inDecember 1906.

405. c The League supported the partition of Bengal and itdemanded for separate electorates for Muslims.The Swadeshi Movement in deltaic Andhra wasknown as the Vandematram Movement.

406. d According to partition of Bengal by Curzon, Bihar,Orissa , Assam and West Bengal were to be on oneside and East Bengal, the muslim dominated part ofBengal, on the other side.The British said that partition of Bengal was beingdone for administrative convenience but the mainreason behind the way the partition was done wasto curtail the nationalist movement and divide thepeople on communal basis.

407. c The demand for separate electorates for Muslimswas conceded by the government in 1909. Someseats in the councils were now reserved for Muslimswho would be elected by Muslim voters.

408. a The Congress split at its Surat Session in 1907. TheModerates were opposed to the use of boycott.They felt that it involved the use of force. After thesplit the Congress came to be dominated by theModerates with Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s followersfunctioning from outside.

409. b The Congress and the Muslim League signed thehistoric Lucknow Pact and decided to work togetherfor representative government in the country.

410. c The Russian Revoltion in 1917 inspired many Indiannationalists. News about peasants’ and workers’struggles and ideas of socialism circulated widelywhich encouraged the nationalists in India.

411. c Mahatma Gandhi, aged 46, arrived in India in 1915from South Africa.

412. a

413. b The poor farmers of Champaran were forced togrow indigo and other cash crops instead of foodcrops. The Champaran Satyagraha was against thiscruel treatment of the farmers by the British.

414. a The Rowlatt Act was enacted in 1919. The act curbedfundamental rights such as the freedom ofexpression and strengthened police powers. Itempowered the police to act without any trial.

415. c In 1920 the British imposed a harsh treaty on theTurkish Sultan or Khalifa. People in India were furiousabout this as they had been about the Jallianwalamassacre. This started the Khilafat Movement.

416. a Mahatma Gandhi was against violent movements.He abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation Movementwhen in February 1922 a crowd of peasants setfire to a police station in Chauri Chaura. Twenty-twopolicemen were killed in the event.

417. d In 1927 the British government in England decided tosend a commission headed by Lord Simon to decideIndia’s political future.

418. d Revolutionary nationalists such as Bhagat Singh andhis comrades wanted to fight colonial rule and therich exploiting classes through a revolution ofworkers and peasants. For this purpose theyfounded the Hindustan Socialist RepublicanAssociation (HSRA) in 1928 at Ferozeshah Kotla inDelhi.

419. b Members of the HSRA assassinated Saunders, apolice officer who had led a lathi-charge that causedthe death of Lala Lajpat Rai.

420. c The Government of India Act of 1935 prescribedprovincial autonomy and the government announcedelections to the provincial legislatures in 1937. TheCongress formed governments in 7 out of 11provinces.

421. b The Simon Commission had no Indian representativesin it.Congress leaders were ready to support the Britishin the World War II. But in return they wanted thatIndia be granted independence after the war. TheBritish refused to concede the demand. TheCongress ministries resigned in protest.

422. b Mahatma Gandhi led a mass civil disobediencemovement in 1942, demanding an end to British rulein India. The British must quit India immediately, hetold them. To the people he said, “do or die” in youreffort to fight the British – but you must fight non-violently.

423. d In January 1941, Bose went to Singapore, viaGermany, and raised the Azad Hind Fauj or the IndianNational Army, to free India from British control.

424. a C. Rajagopalachari, popularly known as Rajaji,served as member of the Interim Government of1946 and as free India’s first Indian Governor-General.



425. d Lala Lajpat Rai was one of the extremists. Hecriticised the moderates section and believed thatpeople must rely on their own strength, not on the“good” intentions of the government; people mustfight for swaraj.The first session of the Indian National Congresswas held in Bombay in December 1885.

426. c Jinnah proclaimed August 16 1946 as the Direct ActionDay for the purpose of winning a separate Muslimstate. Savage Hindu-Muslim riots broke out in Calcuttathe next day and quickly spread throughout India.Thousands of people lost their lives in the riots.

427. a Naoroji’s book Poverty and Un-British rule in Indiaoffered a scathing criticism of the negetive impactof British rule on the economy.

428. a The moderates were opposed to the use of boycott.They felt that it involved the use of force.The All India Muslim League was formed in Dacca(present day Dhaka) in 1906.

429. b The Rowlatt Act curbed fundamental rights of thepeople such as the freedom of expression andstrengthened police powers. Mahatma Gandhi askedthe Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day ofnon-violent opposition to this Act, as a day of“humiliation and prayer”

430. a On learning about the Jallianwala Bagh massacre,Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and angerof the country by renouncing his knighthood whichhe got from the British crown in 1915.

431. d In October 1952, a veteran Gandhian named PottiSriramulu went on a hunger fast demanding theformation of Andhra state to protect the interests ofTelugu speakers. Potti Sriramulu died fasting on 15December 1952 which resulted in huge protests.The central government was forced to listen to thedemand. Thus, on 1 October 1953, the new state ofAndhra Pradesh came into being.

432. c In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was dividedinto separate states for Marathi and Gujaratispeakers.

433. c The British annexed Nagpur in 1853 through theDoctrine of Lapse.The Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05) resultedin the British gaining Orissa and the territories northof the Yamuna river including Agra and Delhi.

434. d Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandiwhere they broke the government law by gatheringnatural salt found on the seashore, and boiling seawater to produce salt.

435. b

436. a ‘Hiranya-Garbha’ literally meaning ‘Golden-Womb’was a ritual performed for a Kshatriya rebirth, evenif he (the sacrificer) was not one by birth.

437. c Vetti is a tax levied by the Cholas which was takennot in cash but in form of forced labour.

438. a Because there were three “parties” in this long-drawn conflict, historians often describe it as the“tripartite struggle”.

439. d Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni from Afghanistanextended control over parts of Central Asia, Iranand the north-western part of the subcontinent. Hewas interested in finding out more about the peoplehe conquered. So he entrusted a scholar named al-Biruni to write an account of the subcontinent.

440. c Prithviraj III of Chahamanas defeated Muhammad Ghoriin 1191 ADat the town of Tarain. But he lost to Ghorithe very next year at the Second Battle of Tarain.

441. b Many rulers described their achievements inPrashastis written by Brahmanas in administration.Prashastis contain details that may be biasedtowards the emperor and may not be true.

442. a Delhi first became the capital of a kingdom under theTomara Rajputs, who were defeated in 1165 AD bythe Chauhans (Chahamanas) of Ajmer lead byPrithviraj Chauhan. Qutbuddin Aybak was the firstTurkish ruler of Delhi while Ghiyasuddin Balban rulesduring the later half of the thirteenth century.

443. d Rudramadevi (1262-1289) of the Kakatiya dynastyof Warangal changed her name on her inscriptionsand pretended to be a man.

444. d

445. b The Delhi Sultans appointed their trust worthy slavesinstead of appointing aristocrats or leaders to highadministrative posts. They believed that worthy andexperienced slaves would make reliable governorsand administrators.

446. a Kharaj is a tax levied under the Delhi Sultans oncultivation of agricultural land amounting to about 50percent of the peasant’s produce.

447. a Alauddin Khilji constructed Siri Fort to defend thecity from Mongols.

448. b Muhammad bin Tughluq, instead of building a newgarrison town, garrisoned his soldiers in the oldestof four cities of Delhi after moving its residents toDaulatabad.

449. d Muhammad bin Tughluq raised a large standing armyto plan an attack on Transoxiana.



450. c In Delhi, Coins were named Delhiwal during the reignof Tomaras and Chahamanas (Chauhans) duringthe early medieval India. These coins had a widecirculation.

451. b

452. c The authors of Persian tawarikh advised rulers onthe need to preserve an “ideal” social order basedon birthright and gender distinctions. But the DelhiSultans believed that worthy and experienced slaveswould make reliable governors and administrators.So they appointed their loyal and experienced slavesto high administrative posts.

453. c Khalji (1290 - 1320), Tughluq (1320 - 1414), Sayyid(1414 - 1451), Lodi (1451 – 1526)

454. b Pricess Manmati of Marwar was Shah Jahan’s mother.

455. d Abul Fazl wrote a three volume history of Akbar’sreign titled Akbar Nama. The third volume is the Ain-i Akbari. The third volume deals with Akbar’sadministration, household, army, the revenues andgeography of his empire. It also explains about thetraditions and culture of the people living in India.

456. b Todar Mal (Akbar’s revenue minister) carried outthis survey during 1570-1580. On the basis of thissurvey, tax was fixed on each crop in cash. Eachprovince was divided into revenue circles with itsown schedule of revenue rates for individual crops.

457. a Aurangzeb insulted Shivaji after defeating him. Heescaped from Agra, declared himself an independentking and resumed his campaigns against the Mughals.

458. c Prince Akbar rebelled against Aurangzeb andreceived support from the Marathas and DeccanSultanate. He finally fled to Safavid Iran.

459. a Abul Fazl wrote a three volume history of Akbar’sreign titled, Akbar Nama .

460. a Babur’s reign : 1526-1530Humayun’s reign: 1530-1540 and 1555-1556

461. d From their father’s side, the Mughals were thesuccessors of Timur.Timur was ruler of Iran, Iraq and modern day Turkey.

462. d Todar Mal, born in Uttar Pradesh in a Khatri family,and rose to become the Finance Minister in Akbar’sDarbar of the Mughal Empire.

463. b Sher Khan defeated Humayun at Chausa (1539)and Kanauj (1540), forcing him to flee to Iran.Humayun recaptured Delhi in 1555 but died in anaccident the following year.

464. d The Mughals did not believe in the rule ofprimogeniture, where the eldest son inherited hisfather’s estate.Akbar’s revenue minister, Todar Mal introduced therevenue system known as zabt.

465. d The custom of coparcenary inheritance means adivision of the inheritance amongst all the sons.

466. d The Ain-i Akbari is the third volume of the AkbarNama, written by Abul Fazl.Mehrunnisa, married the Emperor Jahangir in 1611and received the title Nur Jahan.

467. b Vajji, or Vrijji, was the confederacy of the Licchavisand neighbouring peoples in Bihar, India, that existedfrom the 6th century BC to the 4th century BC. Itscapital was at Vaishali.

468. b 1793 - Introduction of the Permanent Settlement1765 - East India Compant appointed as the Diwanof Bengal1859 - ‘Blue Rebellion’ by indigo farmers1822 - Introduction of the Mahalwari Settlement

469. b In 1856, Governor-General Canning decided thatBahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal kingand after his death none of his descendants wouldbe recognised as kings – they would just be calledprinces.

470. d

471. a The British gained control of Delhi from the Marathasafter defeating them in the second Anglo-Marathawar in 1803.

472. c A cul-de-sac is a street with a dead end. Opensquares, winding lanes, quiet cul-de-sacs andwater channels were the pride of Delhi’s residentsduring the Mughals.

473. a The period from 1830 to 1857 is sometimes referredto as a period of Delhi renaissance. Delhi College,formed in 1792, during the 1840s and 1850s wasthe epicentre of Delhi Renaissance.

474. b For its sprawling iron and steel industry in the secondhalf of the nineteenth century, Britain came to beknown as the “workshop of the world”

475. b King George V was crowned in England in 1911.The Durbar held in Delhi in 1911 by the British was tocelebrate the coronation of King George V.The Delhi College, formed in 1792, is now under theDelhi University and is named as Zakir Hussain DelhiCollege.

476. b When the Portuguese first came to India in search ofspices they landed in Calicut on the south-westcoast of India.



477. b India, around 1750, was already by far the world’slargest producer of cotton.“Muslin” was a name given by the Europeans to allfinely woven textiles from India carried by Arabmerchants in Mosul in present-day Iraq.

478. a Patola was woven in Surat, Ahmedabad and Patan.Although existent patolas of Gujarat do not predatethe late 18th century, their history certainly goesback to the 12th century, if not earlier.

479. a Worried by the popularity of Indian textiles, wooland silk makers in England began protesting againstthe import of Indian cotton textiles. In 1720, the Britishgovernment enacted a legislation banning the use ofprinted cotton textiles – chintz – in England. This actwas known as the Calico Act.

480. b Richard Arkwright invented the steam engine in 1786.

481. b By the beginning of the nineteenth century, English-made cotton textiles successfully ousted Indiantextiles from their markets in Africa, America andEurope. With this thousands of weavers in Indiawere thrown out of employment.

482. d The first cotton mill in India was set up as a spinningmill in Bombay in 1854.

483. b Wootz steel when made into swords produced avery sharp edge with a flowing water pattern. Thispattern came from very small carbon crystalsembedded in the iron. Tipu Sultan’s legendary swordswere made of wootz.

484. d In the 14th Century Allauddin Khilji constructed thetank in Hauz Khas at Delhi for supplying water to SiriFort area.

485. c Panini, born around 6th century BC, prepared agrammar for Sanskrit in which he arranged thevowels and the consonants in a special order, andthen used these to create formulae like those foundin Algebra. He used these to write down the rules ofthe language in short formulae.

MISCELLANEOUS

486. d Buffer stock is a stock of a basic commodityaccumulated by a government when supplies areplentiful and prices low, and held for use whensupplies are short to stabilize the price. MinimumSupport Price is that price at which government isready to purchase the crop from the farmers directly.

487. d Locke’s views, in his Two Treatises of Government(1690), attacked the theory of divine right of kingsand the nature of the state as conceived by Englishphilosopher and political theorist Thomas Hobbes.

488. c Amar Jiban, autobiography of Rashsundari Devi(1800 – 1890), is the first ever known autobiographyof an Indian woman. It is wriiten in Bangla.

489. b National Food for Work Programme was launched in2004. Antyodaya ration cards are issue by thegovernment for the poorest of the poor.

490. c Laxmi Lakra, from a poor tribal family in Jharkhand,became the first women train driver with NorthernRailway in 2006. Savitribai Phule is the first womanteacher of India. Toolika Rani is the first woman fromUP to climb Mount Everest. Shail Mishra is the firstIndian woman to drive metro train.

491. a Kesar Saga is a Tibetan epic performed and sungby both Muslims and Buddhists.

492. d According to the Economic Survey of India, Goa hasthe highest per capita income which is over Rs.130000 per capita.

493. d Highest contributing sector to the GDP of India is thetertiary sector (service sector).

494. d According to the Constitution of India, anyone whois 18 years old or above and who has the right tovote is a member of the Gram Sabha.

495. b

496. b Midday meal scheme (programme introduced in allgovernment elementary schools to provide childrenwith cooked meal) was first introduced in Tamil Nadu.The Supreme Court of India, in 2001, ordered allstate governments to begin this programme in theirschools.

497. d Articles 14-17 protect an individual’s fundamentalright to equality.Article 14 - Equality before lawArticle 15 - Prohibition of discrimination on groundsof religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.Article 16 - Equality of opportunity in publicemploymentArticle 17 - Abolition of UntouchabilityArticle 18 - Abolition of titles.

498. b According to the Census of India 2011, MadhyaPradesh has the highest IMR in India which is 67.

499. a The Indian government enacted the ConsumerProtection Act in 1986, popularly known as COPRA,to correct business conduct which may be unfairand against the interests of consumers.

500. b

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