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8/7/2019 General Lecture - The Spanish Language and Language Learning 2
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SPANISH YEAR 1 GENERALSPANISH YEAR 1 GENERAL
LECTURESLECTURES
20102010--20112011
THE SPANISH LANGUAGE ANDTHE SPANISH LANGUAGE AND
LANGUAGE LEARNING 2: THELANGUAGE LEARNING 2: THEPHONOLOGY OF SPANISHPHONOLOGY OF SPANISH
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What is phonology?What is phonology?
The study of the minimal contrastive units ofThe study of the minimal contrastive units of
sound of a language: itssound of a language: its phonemes.phonemes.
The minimum unit which can change oneThe minimum unit which can change oneword into another.word into another.
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What is phonemic script?What is phonemic script?
AAsystematicsystematic means of representingmeans of representing
phonemes in written form.phonemes in written form.
Whataboutthealphabet?Whataboutthealphabet? Whats the most common sound in English?Whats the most common sound in English?
How do you write it? (Does it exist inHow do you write it? (Does it exist inSpanish?)Spanish?)
What about ghoti, etc.?What about ghoti, etc.?
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The parameters ofsoundsThe parameters ofsounds
VowelsVowels
Long or short.Long or short.
Front, central or back.Front, central or back. High or low.High or low.
Rounded or spread lips.Rounded or spread lips.
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e. g. peel. Long, front, high, spread.e. g. peel. Long, front, high, spread.
e.g. pull. Short, back, high, rounded.e.g. pull. Short, back, high, rounded.
e.g. palm. Long, back, low, neutral.e.g. palm. Long, back, low, neutral.
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ConsonantsConsonants
Voiced or voiceless.Voiced or voiceless.
Position of articulation.Position of articulation.
Manner of articulation.Manner of articulation.
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Voiceless, alveolar, fricative.Voiceless, alveolar, fricative.
Voiced, alveolar, fricative.Voiced, alveolar, fricative.
Voiceless, alveolar, stop.Voiceless, alveolar, stop.
Voiced, alveolar, stop.Voiced, alveolar, stop.
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The phonemes ofSpanish.The phonemes ofSpanish.
The vowels.The vowels.
Vicks.Vicks. High, front, spread.High, front, spread.
Seat.Seat. Front, spread.Front, spread.
Ajax.Ajax. Central, low.Central, low.
Colgate.Colgate. Back.Back.
Cuba.Cuba. High, back.High, back.
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The consonants: principalThe consonants: principal
phonemic differences fromphonemic differences from
English.English.
writtenas writtenas
cf. Englishonioncf. Englishonion // n/n/
aoao cancan
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xx writtenas j org voiceless, velar,writtenas j org voiceless, velar,
fricativefricative
ajaxajax QuijoteQuijote JapnJapn
EgiptoEgipto gitanogitano JorgeJorge
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writtenaswrittenas rr voiced, alveolar, flapvoiced, alveolar, flap
peropero corocoro parteparte
rr writtenaswrittenas rrororrrrr voiced,voiced,alveolar, trillalveolar, trill
perroperro corrocorro rpidorpido
hablarhablar
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Themain sound/spellingThemain sound/spelling
relationshipsrelationships N.B. Sound/spelling relationships areN.B. Sound/spelling relationships are
100% regular and logical in Spanish.100% regular and logical in Spanish.
VowelsVowels
The five vowels are more or lessThe five vowels are more or less
ALWAYS pronounced as describedALWAYS pronounced as describedabove.above.
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SilentlettersSilentletters
Theletterh is always silent.Theletterh is always silent.
hombrehombre hablarhablar almohadaalmohada THERE ARE NO OTHER SILENTTHERE ARE NO OTHER SILENT
LETTERS IN SPANISH (excepttheu inLETTERS IN SPANISH (excepttheu in
gue/gui).gue/gui).
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ConsonantsConsonants
s is almostalways pronounced/s/, nots is almostalways pronounced/s/, not
/z/./z/. casacasa IsabelIsabel dosdos
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z is always pronounced/z is always pronounced/// (Spain)(Spain)
zoozoo cervezacerveza zepelnzepeln
c is pronounced/k/beforea, ooru.c is pronounced/k/beforea, ooru.
casacasa capitalcapital CrdobaCrdoba ColombiaColombia
cucarachacucaracha cuccuc
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c is pronounced/c is pronounced/// beforeeor i.beforeeor i.
celtacelta cervezacervezacelebracincelebracin cinecine civilcivil
v is always pronounced/b/v is always pronounced/b/ autobsautobs bastabasta
y is pronounced/j/y is pronounced/j/
yateyate yogayoga
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qu is pronouncedqu is pronounced
QuijoteQuijote quieroquiero quioscoquiosco
gue + gui haveno/w/gue + gui haveno/w/ guerraguerra guerrillaguerrilla GuineaGuinea
GuillermoGuillermo
Otherwiseua, ue, ui, anduo includeOtherwiseua, ue, ui, anduo include/w//w/
GuantanameraGuantanamera puertapuerta fuifuicuotacuota
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Stress (notthatkind)Stress (notthatkind)
Apartfromthebasics oftheApartfromthebasics ofthe
pronunciationof individual sounds,pronunciationof individual sounds,
stress is the singlemost importantstress is the singlemost importantaspectofpronunciation in Spanish.aspectofpronunciation in Spanish.
Whereyou seeanaccent, thats whereWhereyou seeanaccent, thats where
the stress is.the stress is.
CdizCdiz MjicoMjico PerPer JapnJapn
difcildifcil fcilfcil
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AND FINALLY .AND FINALLY .
WORK ON PRONUNCIATION IN THEWORK ON PRONUNCIATION IN THE
EARLY STAGES. ESTABLISH DECENTEARLY STAGES. ESTABLISH DECENT
PRONUNCIATIONPRONUNCIATION NOWNOW, RATHER THAN, RATHER THANTRYING TO RECTIFY ENTRENCHEDTRYING TO RECTIFY ENTRENCHED
PROBLEMS LATER!PROBLEMS LATER!