General Review

GENERAL REVIEW FINAL EXAM

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

• EXAM DATE Sunday the 13th of March, 2016

• HOUR 08:00 – 10:00

• PAYMENT before 13th of March, 2016

GRADING SYSTEM

• MT EXAM 45 points

• FINAL EXAM 45 points

• QUIZZES 8 points (2pts each)

• INTEGRATIVE TASK 2 points

GRADES

You will be able to check your grades in the link that will appear on the blog

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Present Simple


When to use it?

•We use the present simple tense for:• Permanent states

• Habits or actions that happend regularly

• For general truths


examples

• Ben lives in London ( permanent states)

• We always have breakfast at eight (happens regularly)

• The Earth goes round the sun. (general truth)


AFFIRMATIVE subject verb

I workHe/She/It works

We/You/They work


negativesubject aux. verb verb

I don´t workHe/She/It doesn´t work.We/You/

They don´t work


interrogativeAux. verb subject verb ?

Do I work ?Does He/She/It work ?

Do We/You/They work ?


Be careful!

If the verb ends in –o // -sh // -ch, then you

have to add –es at the end of the verb.


• Play Plays

• Dance Dances

• Watch Watches

• Go Goes

• Wash Washes


Present Progressive


When to use it?

•We use the present progressive tense for:• Temporary states

• Action happening at the moment of speaking

• For future arrengements


examples

• I´m taking driving lesson this month ( temporary states)

• Lucy is sleeping now (actions at the moment)

• For future arrengements (We´re flying to Acapulco tonight)


AFFIRMATIVE subject V. Be conj verb

I am workingHe/She/It is workingWe/You/

They are working


negativesubject aux.

verb NOT Verb -ing

I am not workingHe/She/It is not workingWe/You/

They are not working


interrogativeAux. verb subject verb ?

Am I working ?Is He/She/It working ?

Are We/You/They working ?


Be careful when conjugating

the verbs in present

progressive!


Present Simple vs. Present Progressive


PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

MAIN USEPermanent states

Habits or regular actionsGeneral truths

MAIN USETemporary states

Actions happening at the momentFuture arrengements

TIME EXPRESSIONS:• Usually, always, often, every day, in

the morning, on Monday, once, twice, etc.

TIME EXPRESSIONS:• Now, at the moment, today, these

days, this week, tonight, tomorrow, next week, etc.


The following verbs are normally not used in progressive tenses

VERBS OF EMOTION

Like, dislike, love, hate, want, need, prefer

VERBS OF SENSES Feel, hear, smell, seem, appear


The following verbs are normally not used in progressive tenses

OTHER VERBSBe, have, own, belong, cost

VERBS OF PERCEPTION AND OPINIONKnow, mean, think, understand, remember, forget,

imagine, hope, believe


Past simple


When to use it?We use the past simple tense for:

• Actions that started and were completed at a specific time in the past

• Habitual or repeated actions in the past

• Completed actions that happened one after the other in the past


examples

• We bought a house five years ago (started//completed in the

past)

• I always went to bed Early when I was 5 (habits in past)

• I made a sándwich, turned on the TV and watched the match

+ VPS + COMPLEMENT

I went shopping yesterday.

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2 Different Options

Verbs

Regular Irregular

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Regular verbs For regular verbs, we only add “ed” at the end of the verb.

Play PlayedTalk Talked Stay Stayed

Jump Jumped

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Exceptions1. Verbs ending in –e, only add a –d at the end

2. Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, add –ied

3. Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC form, double the last consonant.

4. Verbs with 2 or more syllables ending in the CVC form and with the last stressed

syllable

5. Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double the –L before the –ed

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Verbs ending in –e, only add a –d at the end

Dance Danced

Agree Agreed

Verbs ending in a consonant + -y, add –ied

Try- Tried

Carry - Carried

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Be Careful!

Play Played

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Verbs with one syllable ending in CVC FORM, double the last consonant.

Stop Stopped C V C

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Be Careful!IF THE VERB ENDS IN X OR W, DON´T DOUBLE THE LAST

CONSONANT

FIX FIXEDMIX MIXED

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Verbs with more than one syllable, you only double the consonant if it has the CVC and it is

stressed

Prefer Preferred

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Be Careful!

Answer Answered

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Verbs ending in one vowel + -L, double the –L before the –ed

Travel Travelled

Cancel Cancelled

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Be Careful!

Sail Sailed

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Irregular Verbs

Irregular verbs are different from each other, so, you need to learn

one by one the cases.

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Some examples

HAVE HAD

GET GOT

BUY BOUGHT

MAKE MADE

COME CAME

EAT ATE

LEAVE LEFT

DO DID

GO WENT

SEE SAW

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Time expressions

• Yesterday

• Last Night

• Last Day

• Last Summer

• Two days ago

affirmative sentences

IYouHeSheIt

WeThey

Verb in past

Comp.

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examples

• I played soccer last week.

•Sarah danced salsa yesterday.

•Peter and Paco ate broccoli last morning.

negative sentences

IYouHeSheIt

WeThey

Didn´t

Comp.Verb in

simple form

Used to

We use “used to” to talk about something that happened regularly in the past but no longer does

“We used to go skateboarding every afternoon when we´re young”

At // In // On

AT

In // on

quantifiers

Some + uncountable / plural countable

We use some + uncountable // plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences

and offersThere is some orange juice in the fridge

Would you like some chips?

any+ uncountable / plural countable

We use any + uncountable // plural countable nouns in questions and negative sentences

Is there any orange juice in the fridge?

There aren´t any chips in the table.

No (=not any) + uncountable / plural countable

We use no+ uncountable // plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences yo give a negative

meaning

There is no cheese in the fridge (= There isn´t any cheese in the

fridge)

many

We use many with plural countable nouns, usually in questions and negative

sentences

There aren´t many books in the bookcase

much

We use much with uncountable nouns, in questions and negative sentences

We don´t have much money

LOT OF // LOTS OF

We use lot of // lots of with uncountable plural countable nouns, usually in affirmative sentences

There is a lot of coffee in my cup

There are lots of apples in the fridge.

A Little

We use a Little with uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences

There is a Little cheese on the table

A few

We use a few with plural countable nouns in affirmative sentences

There are a few magazines on the table

Little

We use little with uncountable nouns when there´s not enough of something

We´ve got very little time

few

We use few with plural countable nouns when there are nout enough of them

There are very few tomatoes left

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What happened?Lesson 2a


adjectives

• Adjectives ending in –ed indicate or describe emotions

• Adjectives ending in –ing describe characteristics of

someone or something


adjectives

We were tired from the journey.

It was nice but it was a bit tiring


Past Progressive


When to use it?

1. For actions that were happening at a specific point of time in the past

2. To describe background scenes to a story

3. For actions that were happening at the same time in the past. In this

case, we usually use while


When to use it?

1. I was watching TV at 7 o´clock yesterday evening.

2. Jill was walking in the forest and it was raining.

3.While I was watching TV, my father was cooking


How to form it?


affirmative

+ was//were + verb. –ING + comp.


negative

+ was//were +NOT + v. -ing+ comp.


interrogative

Was//Were + + V- -ing + comp.


examples

• I was playing yesterday at school

• Tom wasn´t sleeping t in the classroom.

• They were studying for the exam yeaterday morning.

• Was Many drawing last Monday at class?


Past Simple vs. Past Progressive


I was painting my room all day yesterday.

I painted it blue.


We use the Past Progressive and the Past Simple in the same sentence when one action interrupted another in

the past. We use the Past Progressive for the longer action and the Past Simple for the shorter action. In this

case we usually use while, when, as


I was sleeping when the telephone rang.

As/While I was driving, I saw a cat in the street.


important

We use as soon as with the Past Simple

"As soon as they left, we started cleaning up the house


example

While I was travelling on the underground, I saw a strange sign.

One action was in progress when the other happened


example

I was looking at the merchant while he was cutting the fruit in half

The two actions were happening at the same time


example

As soon as I finished eating the piece, the merchant offered me more

The two actions happened one after another


Present Perfect Simple


When to use it?• For an action which happened in the past, but we don´t

mention when exactly

• To talk about a state which started in the past and continues up in the present

• For an action which happened in the past and finished, but the results are obvious in the present


examples

I have travelled to the USA twice

I have lived in Athens since 1990.

I´m tired. I have just finished studying

Look! Mike has broken his leg

formation



affirmative

+ have/has + VPP + comp.


negative

+ have/has + not + VPP + comp.


Interrogative

Have / Has + + VPP + comp. + ?


time expressions


Broaden your mindLesson 2E





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General Review

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