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General Science
States of Matter+
The Gas Laws‘07-’08
Three states of Matter
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
Solid
• Solids have a definite volume and a definite shape.
• The particles are packed tightly together and stay in one position.• The particles vibrate slightly between each other… so they’re
not completely motionless.
Liquid
– Liquids have a definite volume but not a definite shape.
– They take on the shape of the container– The particles are somewhat packed together
and move around.
Gas
– Gases do no definite volume and no definite shape.
– The particles are spread out and move around a lot.
Specific Characteristics of Gases
• They expand– They spread out to fill the shape and volume
of the container
• Exert pressure– The particles push on the sides of their
container
Specific Characteristics of Gases
• Low density– They don’t have a lot of mass in a given
amount of space– Things sink in the air. If gases had a high
density, things wouldn’t sink but float up!
Diffusion
• Particles move from areas of high concentration to low concentration
Example: an open bottle of perfume
Four Variables of Gases
• Amount– The number of individual gas particles
• Volume– The amount of space the gas takes up
Four Variables of Gases
• Temperature– The faster the particles move, the higher the
temperature– thermometer
• Pressure– Measured in atmospheres (atm)– The force the gas exerts on the object it
touches
Boyle’s Law
• The volume of a certain amount of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure, if the temperature doesn’t change.– If one goes up, the other goes down.
Examples
- Your lungs use Boyle’s law to function
- A potato gun
Boyle’s Law cartoon
Charles’ Law
• The volume of a gas is directly related to the temperature if the pressure remains constant.– If one goes up, the other goes up…
Examples
- Tires get hotter the more you ride on them
- Hot air balloons use Charles law to get bigger!