Quick Review Quick Review

  IVRS: Interactive Voice response System.

  SMS: Short Messaging Service

  PAN means Permanent Account Number.

  In India so far 15 times the Lok Sabha elections are conducted. 15 th

one is 2009.

  The midterm elections were conducted for 5 times so far. (1971,

1980, 1991, 1998, 1999).

  The Madam Tussauds Museum is located in London. The wax

models of historical and Royal figures, film stars, sport stars etc

are displayed.

  Green Cars are those cars that run with CNG (Compressed Natural

Gas), LPG (liquefied Petroleum Gas) and with electric engine.

  Highest number of air ports are present in USA (15079).

  Sir Robert Cheese Brow (1837 – 1933) is the inventor of Vaseline

Petroleum gelly.

  The life expectancy is lowest in Swaziland (32 years). Here more

than 61 percent of the people die of AIDS every year.  

  Gulzarilal Nanda was the first interim PM of India after the death of

the Jawaharlal Nehru (1st PM) in the year 1964. Gulazari Lal Nanda

is also the interim PM  after the death of Lal Bahadur Sastri in the

year 1966.

  Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was the first Home Minster of India.

P.Chidambaram is the current HM.

  So far India had 7 deputy PM’s (As of March 2011).

  First Dy. PM was Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel (1947-50). 7th was LK

Advani (2002-04).

  The position of Deputy PM was not mentioned in the Constitution.

  Maulana Abdul Kalam was the first Education Minister for the

independent India. November 11, the birth anniversary of

Maulana was declared as ‘National Education Day’.

  During National Emergency the term of Lok Sabha and assemblies

is extended by 1 year.

  So far National Emergency was imposed for 3 times.

  National Emergency was imposed for the 1st time in 1962 because

of war with China, second time in 1971 because of war with

Pakistan. Third time in 1975 because of internal disturbances.

(44th Constitutional amendment replaced the “Internal

Disturbances” with “Armed Rebellion”).

  Golaknath vs. the state of Punjab (1967) case judgment was

delivered by the CJI K.Subba Rao. Supreme Court said

Fundamental Rights cannot be amended.

  Keshavananda Bharati Vs state of Kerala (1973) case judgment

was delivered by the CJI SM Sikri. Supreme Court said Judicial

Review is a basic feature of the Constitution.

  86th Amendment of 2002 changed the subject matter of Article 45

and also made elementary education a fundamental right under

Article 21 A. (This came into effect on April 1, 2010).

  Morarji Desai (4th PM) is the 1st PM of India who do not belong to

Congress. He is the only Indian to receive both Bharat Ratna and

Nishaan-e-Pakistan.

  Morarji Desai is the first Indian Prime Minister to resign from the

office.

  In Radar system, Radio waves are used to locate the existence of

an object.

  As on January 12, 2012, the four Chief Ministers are the members

of the State Legislative Council (Upper House). They are Nitish

Kumar (Bihar), Mayawati (UP), Sadananda Gowda (Karnataka) and

Prithviraj Chouhan (Maharashtra).

  “Smiling Buddha” is the code name of the India’s 1st nuclear

programme conducted in 1974 in Pokhran (Rajasthan). 

  “Operation Shakti” is the name of Pokhran-II conducted by India

May 11 and May 13, 1998.

  Morarji Desai was the 1st Chairman of Administrative Reforms

Commission (ARC) and Verappa Moily the Union Law minister is

the latest chairman of ARC.

  Legislative Assembly strength should not be more than 500 and

not less than 60 members.

  Legislative council strength should not be less than 40 and not

more than 1/3rd of the strength of assembly.

  Lion was the National animal of India up to 1972.

  Since 1972, National animal is Tiger.

NATIONAL SYMBOLS:

    National Animal - Tiger

    National Tree – Banyan.

    National bird – Peacock

    National Flower – Lotus

    National Fruit – Mango

    National River – Ganga

    National Aquatic animal – Dolphin.

  The President nominates 2 Anglo-Indians to Lok sabha and 12

members to Rajya Sabha.

  The Governor of a state nominates 1 Anglo-Indian to Assembly and

1/6th members to legislative council.

  Tenure of CAG is 6 years or till he attains the age of 65 years

whichever is earlier.

  Tenure of Chairman and members of UPSC is 6 years or till he

attains the age of 65 years whichever is earlier.

  Tenure of Chairman and members of State Public Service

Commission or JPSC is 6 years or till he attains the age of 62 years

whichever is earlier.

  The tenure of a service Chief (Army, Air Force and Navy) is 3 years

or till the age of 62 years whichever is earlier.

  Article 52.  There shall be a President.

  Article 153. There shall be a Governor for each state.

  The President of India is elected by the elected members of Lok

Sabha, Elected members of Rajya Sabha and the elected

members of State Assemblies including that of Delhi and

Pondicherry.

  The Governor is appointed by the President.

  Air Force One (Rajdoot, Rajhans & Rajkamal) fleet. This is modeled

on US Presidents Air Force One. Indian President traveled on

Rajdoot to Assam.

  B-Complex and C Vitamins are water soluble and A, D, E and K are

the fat soluble vitamins.

  Vitamins B and C are water soluble.

  B and C dissolve in water and are not stored. Hence needed in

daily diet.

  Excess A, D, E and K are stored in liver. They are not needed every

day in diet.

  The right of suffrage (Voting) for Lok sabha and assemblies is

mentioned under Article 326 of the Indian Constitution. In the

original Constitution the minimum age to vote was 21 and

through 61 st amendment in the year 1989 it was reduced to 18

years.

  Articles 15, 16 and 19 belong only to citizens. Remaining articles

under Fundamental rights are applicable to citizens and aliens

equally.

  Yuri Gagarin (USSR) was the first Cosmonaut to go into space in

the year 1961 in a space craft called Vostok-1.

  Valentina Tereshkova (USSR) is the first woman to go into space in

the year 1963. She travelled through Vostok-6.

  Neil Armstrong (US) along with Edwin Aldrin was the first to land on

Moon on July 20, 1969. They travelled through Apollo-11(Eagle)

landed on sea of Tranquility on Moon.

  Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to go into space in the year

1984. He went in a space craft called Soyuz T-11.

  Kalpana Chawla died in the crash of space shuttle Columbia STS-

107 on February 1, 2003. India's 1st meteorological satellite

METSAT renamed as Kalpana-1.

  The Sankranti festival is the festival of the Sun god who is

regarded as the symbol of divinity and wisdom.

  The Sankranti marks the Sun’s transition from Dhanur rasi

(Sagittarius) to Makara rasi (Capricorn). This also means that the

Suns is on its northwards journey or Uttarayan bringing it closer to

the northern hemisphere.

  The Sankranti festival is called Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Lohri

(Punjab), Bhogali Bihu (Assam).

  First Lok Sabha was constituted in May 1952. Mavalankar was the

first speaker and M Ananthasayanam Ayyangar was the first

deputy Speaker of Lok sabha.

  Parliament means Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and the President.

  The Lok Sabha is also called lower house or House of people.

  The Rajya Sabha is also called Upper House or Council of states.

  State Legislature means Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council

and the Governor.

  Central Hindu College at Banaras was founded by Dr Annie Besant

in the year 1898. It was developed into Banaras Hindu University

by Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. 

  Annie Besant was the first woman President of INC in 1917

during Calcutta session.

  Sarojini Naidu was the first Indian woman President of INC in

1925 during Kanpur session.

  Mahatma Gandhi was the President of INC only once in the year

1924 during Belgaum session.

  Justice Sinha of Allahabad High Court delivered judgment against

Indira Gandhi in the year 1975 for the malpractices of 1971

elections. The petition was filed by Raj Narain.

  Theosophical society was founded in New York in the year 1975 by

Madam Elena Blavatsky. Later it is moved to Adyar (Chennai).

  Vijaya lakshmi Pandit was the first Indian elected as the President

of the 8th United Nations General Assembly in 1953. 

  Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was the first woman cabinet Minister in

India. She was the Minister for Local self Government and Health

in the congress ministry of UP from 1937 to 1939. She was the

first Indian woman ambassador to erstwhile USSR from 1947 to

1949.

  In 1901 Kadambini Ganguly became the first woman to address

INC during Calcutta session. 

  INC was founded by A O Hume in Bombay in the year 1885. WC

Bennerjee was the first President of INC.

  First woman Governor in India Sarojini Naidu for the state of UP in

the year 1949.

  First woman CM in India Sucheta Kripalani for the state of Uttar

Pradesh (1963 – 1967).

  Rajkumari Amrit Kaur was the first woman Cabinet Minister in India

up to the year 1957. She held the Ministry of Health portfolio.

  Indira Gandhi was the first Prime Minster to get defeated in the

elections. She was defeated in the 1977 election by Janata Party

candidate Raj Narain.

  Leila Seth-1st woman Chief Justice  of High Court(HP).

  National environmental engineering institute was established in

Nagpur in the year 1958.

  Cape Verde is the 153rd nation in WTO (World Trade Organization).

WTO head Quarters Geneva, Switzerland. WTO Director-General

Pascal Lamy. In April 2009 he was reappointed for a term of 4

years.

  Russia is not a member of WTO.

  TEMPLE Trees: This is the official residence of the President of Sri

Lanka.

  Food& Agriculture organization HQ Rome. Director General Jacques

Doiuf.

  MNP (Mobile number Portability). MNP was first introduced in

Haryana in the year 2010. On January 20, 2011 it was extended to

the entire country.

  The Wagah border lies on the Grand Trunk road connecting

Amritsar and Lahore.

  The towns of Baarle-Nassau in Netherlands and Baarle-Hertog in

Belgium are so deeply intertwined that it is very common to find

the white crosses the divide the 2 countries running through a

road, a restaurant or even a house.

  The citizens of Australia and New Zealand can work and live in

either country without restrictions.

  India shares open border policy with Nepal.

  The smallest sea island ‘Market Island’ is shared by Sweden and

Finland.

  The Berlin wall that separated East and West Germany epitomized

as the Iron Curtain, a boundary between the ‘Free World’ and the

Communist World.

  As per Schengen agreement one does not require any special

travel documents to cross over to another European country.   

  International Monitory Fund and International Bank for

Reconstruction and Development or World Bank, both put

together is called Bretton Woods twins.

  International Monitory Fund and World Bank both Head quarters

located in Washington. Both were set up in the year 1945

  Pluto lost the status of a planet.

  Venus is the nearest planet to the earth.  Venus is the hottest

planet in the solar system. This is called Morning star/Evening

star.

  Mercury is nearest to the Sun.

  All planets rotate up on their axis from west to East. Venus and

Uranus rotate from east to West.  Asteroids are present between

Mars and Jupiter.

  In Supreme Court there is a Chief Justice of India and 30 other

judges. All are appointed by the President. Once appointed retire

at the age of 65.

  SC and HC judges are appointed by the President.  Both Submit

resignation letter to the President.

 SALARIES:

President – Rs. 1, 50,000/-

Vice President- Rs. 1, 25,000/-.

Governor – Rs. 1, 10,000/-.

Chief Justice of India (CJI) - Rs. 1,00,000/-

Other Judges of SC- Rs. 90,000/-

Chief Justice of High Court – Rs. 90,000/-

Other judges of High Court – Rs. 80,000/-

  After the death of the President Zakir Husain in 1969, Vice

President VV Giri resigned. At that time the CJI Hidayatullah acted

as the President till the completion of elections.

  Arjun is India’s main battle tank developed by DRDO (Defense

Research and Development Organization).  Its original name MBT-

80.

  DRDO Head quarters located in New Delhi.

  DRDO Director General Dr V K Saraswat. He is the scientific advisor

to the Defence Minister.

  Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tensing Norgay (Nepal) called

"Tiger of the snows", became the first men to scale Mt. Everest in

1953.

  Zero was invented by Unknown Indian.

  India’s first satellite Aryabhatta (1975) and second satellite

Bhaskara-I (1979) both were launched from Baikanour

Comsodrome (USSR).

  Bhaskara-I was India’s first earth observations satellite.

  Geosynchronous orbit (36,000 km) is an earth orbit made by an

artificial satellite moving west to east direction.

  Tropic of cancer passes through Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya

Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and

Mizoram. (8 States).

  Among parallels only Equator is a great circle. 

  Equator passes through Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Gabon, Congo,

Congo Republic, Uganda, Kenya, Somalia and Indonesia.

  THE MINIMUM AGE FOR CONTESTINGELECTIONS:

  President, Vice President, Governor 35 years.

  Rajya sabha and Legislative councils 30 years.

  Lok sabha and Assemblies 25 years.

  Parliament is Summoned and Prorogued by the President.

  Lok sabha is dissolved by the President.

  Rajya Sabha is a permanent house that cannot be dissolved.

  The term of the President and the Vice President is 5 years. They

can be reelected.

  Governor holds office during the pleasure of the President.

Governor can be reappointed.

  President submits resignation letter to the Vice president and the

Vice President submits to the President.

  Governor submits the resignation to the President.

  The National Museum of Natural History was set up in the year

1772 in Madrid (Spain) is the first museum of its kind.

  The red colour of the blood is due to the presence of the iron

compound called hemoglobin.

  Blood consists of RBC (Erythrocytes), WBC (Leucocytes), Platelets

and Plasma.

  Blood is classified into A, B, AB and O.

  The blood group ‘AB’ is Universal acceptor.

  The blood group ‘O’ is Universal donor.

  Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan-occupied Kashmir with

xianjing in China. This is 800 km long.

  The atmosphere contains 5 layers. They are Troposphere,

Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Ionosphere and exosphere.  Maximum

concentration of Ozone-present in stratosphere.

  Finance commission is mentioned in Article 280 of the

Constitution. It is constituted by the President of India every 5

years. Chairman and Members are appointed by the President.

Finance commission submits the report to the President of India.

President lays the report before the Parliament.

  So far 13 Finance Commissions were constituted.

  K C Neogy was the chairman of 1st Finance Commission.

  The Chairman for 13th Finance Commission was Vijay Kelkar.

  Olympics: 1st modern Olympics were held in 776 BC in Athens. 1st

modern Olympics 1896 Athens.2008 Beijing, 2012 London, 2016 -

Rio de Janeiro.

  SAARC was set up in the year 1985. Afghanistan joined the group

during 2007 SAARC summit in Delhi. 2010 SAARC summit was

held in Thimphu, Bhutan. In the year 2011SAARC summit   will be

held in Male, Maldives.

  Nitrous Oxide (N2O) is commonly known as Laughing gas.

  In the year 1984 Union Carbide (UC) gas leak of Methyl isocyanides

many people were killed. Warren Anderson was the chairman of

UC. Later UC was taken over by DOW.  

  June 5th World Environment day.

  July 11th World population day.

  RBI prints currency notes except one rupee note and other coins.

One rupee note printed and coins are minted by the Ministry of

Finance.

  The highest denomination at present in India is Rs. 1000/- notes.

Maximum denomination that RBI can issue notes is Rs. 10,000/-

  Corbett National park is India’s 1st national park (1935). Presently it

is in Uttaranchal. This is the 1st sanctuary that is covered under

project Tiger.

  Bengal was divided in the year 1905 and reunited in the year 1911.

  Jains used Prakrit language.

  Buddhists used Pali languages.

  Vitamin D is called sunshine vitamin.

  Integrated Guided Missile Development programme (IGMDP)

comprises Prithvi, Trishul, Agni, Akash and Nag missiles.

  Agni Surface to surface Missile.

  Prithvi surface to surface missile.

  Trishul Surface to Air missile.

  Akash Surface to Air missile.

  Nag is an anti tank missile.

  Deficiency of Vitamin A results in night blindness.

  Deficiency of Vitamin C causes Scurvy.

  Deficiency of vitamin D causes Rickets.

  Total vitamins 13. A, B complex (8), C, D, E and K.

  Vitamin K-essential for clotting of blood.

  A-Retional,B1-Thiamine,B2-Riboflavin,C-ascorbic acid

  The “Punganur’ cow is the World’s smallest breed (type, variety) of

cows. This cow milk contains highest fat (8 percent) content and

rich medicinal properties. Normally a cow milk contains 3 to 3.5

percent fat.

  “Jaya Deva” was the author of Gita Govind.

  Harsha Moved capital from Thaneshwar to Kanauj 

  Harsha was defeated by Chalukya ruler Pulakesini II.

  Bana Bhatta lived in the court of Harshavardhana.

  Harsha belongs to pushyabuti dynasty. He followed Buddhism.

  Elephanta caves (Maharashtra) were built by the Chalukyas. It has

both Hindu caves (Shiva) and Buddhist caves.

  Ajanta caves – Buddhism.

  Ellora caves – Buddhism, Jainism and Hinduism.

  Nasik caves – Buddhist, Shivate & Vaishnavite.

  Bactrian’s were the first kings to issue coins bearing their names.

  During Vedic period “Goghana” means a guest.

  Nishka means Gold.

  Yava means Barley.

  Vrihi, Tandula, Sali means Rice.

  Junagad Inscription (Gujarat) is the first official inscription in

Sanskrit.

  Ashoka’s Rock Edict XIII gave importance to the policy of Dhamma.

  These Rock Edicts are the collection of 33 inscriptions.

  Taxila (Punjab) sculpture represents the nature.

  Mahavira was associated with triratnas (Right Knowledge, Right

faith and Right Action)

  Tripitikas – Buddhist literature compiled in Pali language.

o   Vinaya Pitika

o   Sutta Pitika

o   Abhidamma Pitika.

  Jatakas are part of Suttapitika and they explain the stories of

previous birth of Buddha.

Buddhist Councils:

  1st – Rajagriha (483 BC)

  2nd – Vaisali (383)

  3rd – Pataliputrs (250 BC)

  4th – Kashmir (1 AD).

  3rd Buddhist council was held during Ashoka period.

  During 4th council Buddhism was divided into Hinayana and

Mahayana.

  Linga raja temple is present in Bhubaneswar. It represents the

Nagara style of architecture. It was built by Jajati Keshari in 11

AD.

  Dasavatara temple is present in Deogarh in UP. It was built during

Gupta period.

  Ashoka Pillar or Allahabad inscription at Allahabad provided the

information of Samudra Gupta.

  Avesta was the oldest Iranian texts.

  Swapnavasavadatta was written by Bhasa.  Vasavadatta was the

prince of Avanti.

  Mahajanapadas and capital:

o   Kashi - Varanasi

o   Anga - Champa

o   Vajji -Vaisali

  Vasta - Kausambi.

  Bimbisara (founder of Haryanka dynasty) was the contemporary of

Buddha.

  Selucas Nicator was the contemporary of Chandra Gupta Maurya.

  Bimbisara, Ajatasatru and Udayin are the 3 important kings belong

to Haryanka dynasty.

  Haryanka, Naga, Nanda, Maurya and Sunga are the sequence of

dynasties that ruled Magadha.

  Terracotta was used for making Harappa seals.

  Bronze dancing girl was found at Mohenjo-Daro.

  Mohammad-Bin-Tuglaq introduced token copper currency.

  Firoz-shah-Tuglaq set up a separate department to maintain

slaves.

  Alexander was the king of Macedonia. He crossed Hindukush

Mountains and Indus River in the year 326 BC.

  The battle of Hydespes was fought on the river Jhelum between

Alexander and Porus and Porus was defeated.

  Rishaba was the first Jain Thirthankara. Rishaba means bull.

  Parshva was the 23rd Jain Thirthankara.

  Mahavira was the 24th Thirthankara.

  Mahavira died at Pavapuri in 468 BC. According to Jainism plants

and trees have 2 jivas. Animals have 3 or more jivas.

  Mahavira preached in Magadhi. The teachings of Jainism were

recorded at a council conducted at Pataliputra in 5 AD.

  The Third Battle of Panipat took place in1761. Fought between

Marathas and Afghans led by Ahmad shah Durrani also called

Ahmad Shah Abdali. Marathas were defeated.

  Rahim was the court poet of Akbar.

  Taj Mahal was finest Mughal architecture in Marble.

  Babur tomb is present in Kabul (Afghanistan).

  Jaipala (Shaka king) was the 1st ruler to face the invasion of

Mahmud of Ghazni.

  Bengal Gazette was the first major news paper started in India in

1780.

  Liver is the largest gland in the human body.

  Lord Canning was the Governor-General of India when 1857 revolt

broke out.

  Lord Canning was the last Governor-General and the first Viceroy

of India.

  Doctrine of Lapse was introduced by Lord Dalhousie. Satara

(Maharashtra) was the 1st to be annexed in the year 1848.

  Portugal was the first country to establish trade relations with

India.

  Lord Macaulay introduced English education in India. 

  Sir Clement Atlee was the PM of England when India got the

independence.

  Mount Batten Plan or June 3rd plan is envisaged the partition of

India into India and Pakistan.

  Lord Mountbatten was appointed as the 1st Governor-General of

free India.

  First Indian Governor-General was C. Rajagopala Chari. 

  Mohammad Ali Jinnah was the 1st Governor-General of Pakistan.

o   *********

  Insulin was discovered by Fredrick Banting and Charles Best of

Canada in the year 1921.

  Insulin is a hormone secreted by the Pancreas that regulates sugar

levels in the body. 

  The Attorney-General cannot vote but has right to speak and take

part in the proceedings of Parliament without being a member.

  The Advocate-General cannot vote but has right to speak and take

part in the proceeding of state legislature without being a

member.

  As per the estimations of UN World Population India will be the

most populous country by the year 2050.

  Dadabhai Naoroji (Grand Old Man of India) was the first Indian to

be elected to the British House of commons in the year 1892.

  Lunar eclipse occurs when the earth is between Sun and Moon.

  Solar eclipse occurs when the Moon is in between the Sun and the

Earth.

  Fourth estate refers to “Press”. The term was first used by Thomas

Macaulay in 1828.

  Jammu and Kashmir is the only state in India which has a separate

Constitution which came into force in 1957. Article 370 of Indian

Constitution provides for the special status for Jammu and

Kashmir.

  India’s first fast Breeder Test Reactor located at Indira Gandhi

Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpak am near Chennai.

  Apsara is India’s first nuclear research reactor.

  Kamini is India’s first neutron reactor.

  38th parallel is the boundary between North Korea and South

Korea.

  49th parallel is the boundary between USA and Canada.

  The Joint session of the Parliament is summoned by the President.

  The Joint session of the parliament is presided over by the

Speaker.

  As per 2001 census Kerala registered lowest decadal population

growth rate and highest was Nagaland.

  Pipavav (Gujarat) is the first private port in India.

  In India there are 12 major ports. 6 on east coast and 6 on west

coast.              

  

Kandla-Gujarat

  Mumbai-Maharashtra

  Nhava Sheva-Maha

  New Mangalore-Karnataka

  Mormugao-Goa

  Kochi-Kerala

  Tuticorin-Tamil Nadu

  Chennai-TN

  Vishakhapatnam-AP,

  Para dip-Orissa

  Haldia – Kolkata

  Kolkata in West Bengal.

  Kandla is a free port.

  Mumbai is the biggest port.

  Calcutta is riverine port.

  Vishakhapatnam is the deepest port.

  Aiteraya Brahmana is associated with Rig-Veda.

  Shatapatha Brahmana is associated with Yajur Veda.

  Jaiminiya is associated with Sama Veda.

  Gopatha is associated with Atharva Veda.

  Labour party was in power in England when India got

independence.

  Lord Curzon was the viceroy of India when Bengal was partitioned

in the year 1905.

  Red Shirts or Khudai Khidmmatgar movement was led by Khan

Abdul Gaffer Khan. Also called Frontier Gandhi.

  Hunter commission was appointed to look into the tragedy of

Jallianwala Bagh of 1919.

  In the year 1907 INC split into moderates and extremists. This is

popularly called Surat Split.

  Rashbehari Ghosh was the president of INC in 1907.

  Servant’s of India society was launched by Gopala Krishna Gokale

in the year 1905.

  During Tripuri session (1939) S C Bose defeated Pattabhi

sitaramaiah (Gandhi’s nominee). Abdul Kalam Azad withdrew

nomination.

  Direct action was launched by Muslim league in the year 1946 to

achieve Pakistan. Hindu-Muslim riots took place in Calcutta.

  Iron was unknown to the people of Indus Valley civilization.

  In Carnatic region French and British East India Company clashed

for the first time.

  Vinobha Bhave was the first person to start individual Satyagraha

in the year 1940. Jawaharlal Nehru was the second to launch the

same.

  Lord Harding II was the viceroy of India when Bengal was reunited

in the year 1911. Same year capital was shifted from Calcutta to

Delhi.

  Carbohydrates are the compounds consisting of Carbon, Hydrogen

and Oxygen.

  Enzymes are made up of Proteins.

  Enzyme is a catalyst. It promotes action without direct

involvement. Substrate is a substance up on which enzyme acts.

  There are 23 pairs of chromosomes and total 46 present in a

human body cell. Out of these 23 pairs one pair determines the

sex. This pair is called sex chromosomes and others are called

autosomes.

  If the pair contains identical chromosomes XX then the sex is

female. If it is XY the sex is male.

  Human blood was classified into A, B, AB and O by K. Landsteiner.

  Blood Group “AB” carries no antibody, where as “O” carries

antibody “Anti-A and Anti-B”. A carries antibody “Anti-B” and “B”

group carries “Anti-A”.

  Deficiency of Iodine causes “goiter”. This is the enlargement of

thyroid.

  Deficiency of protein leads to Kwashiorkor.

  Deficiency of iron leads to Anemia.

  Deficiency of sodium leads to Hyponatremia.

  Deficiency of calcium leads to Rickets. 

  Deficiency of Vitamin A leads to Xerophthalmia/dry eye and Night

Blindness.

  Deficiency of Vitamin B1 leads to Beriberi.

  Deficiency of Vitamin B2 leads to  Ariboflavinosis

  Deficiency of Vitamin C leads to Scurvy.

  Deficiency of Vitamin D leads to Rickets.

  Oxygen is a product of Photosynthesis that comes from water.

  Lactic acid is present in milk.

  A bacterium contains only one chromosome.

  A plant cell is differentiated from animal cell with the presence of

cell wall in plant cell.

  Mitochondrion is considered to the power house of a cell.

  Virus that infects a bacterium is called bacteriophage.

  Oceansat-3 is planned for the year 2011-12.

  Chandrayaan –I: Moon Mineralogy Map per (M3) – US supplied

instrument found water and Hydroxyl emanating from Moon.

Hydroxyl is 1 Hydrogen and 1 oxygen atoms.

  Hyper-Spectral Imager (HySI) is an Indian instrument also detected

presence of water on the Moon.

  Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the World’s largest particle acceletor

set a record for high energy collisions by crashing 2 proton beams

into each other at 3 times more force than ever before. Collision

was conducted at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear

Research) Head quarters Geneva.

  K-152 Nerpa (Akula-II) is a nuclear submarine inducted into the

army of Russia. This will be leased to India in 2010 for a period of

10 years and is commissioned as INS Chakra.

  Agni –III Indian long range missile of 3500 km was tested

successfully in Feb, 2010.

  Agni I, II, III tested successfully.

  Agni-V is planned for 2011. (Remember there is no Agni-IV).

  K-15 missile is fitted to Arihant (India’s first indigenously developed

nuclear sub marine)

  K-15 land version is Shourya.

  Danush (Ship based anti-surface missile) is the naval version of

Prithvi. It was tested recently on March 11, 2011.

  Prithvi was the first missile developed under Integrated Guided

Missile Development Programme. Prithvi-II was successfully

launched in October 2009.

  “Astra” (Beyond-Visual-Range Air to Air) missile successfully tested

in Jan, 2010. Tested at Balasore, Orissa.

  Astra is the smallest missile that is developed by DRDO.

  UN Climate Change Conference was held in Cancun, Mexico from

November 29 to December 10, 2010. This is officially called COP

16. COP is Conference of the Parties. And also called CMP6 means

conference of the parties serving as the meeting of the parties to

Kyoto protocol.

  COP 17/CMP7 will be held in Durban, South Africa from November

28 to December 9, 2011.

  Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997 and came into force in 2005. It

imposes targets for emission reductions up to 2012 only on

developed nations.

  BASIC (Brazil, South Africa, India and China) conference took place

in Beijing in November 2009.

  Green India 2047 report is published annually by TERI (The Energy

and resources Institute) since 1995.

  “Miss Kerala” is India’s most popular fresh water fish. It is also

called Red Line Torpedo Barb.

  India has the target of generating 20000 MW power by 2020 thru

nuclear energy and 20,000 MW by 2022 through solar energy.

  World Future Energy Summit was held in Jan, 2010 in Abu Dhabi.

  The PRITZKER prize is the highest honor in architecture and is

regarded as equivalent to Nobel Prize. For the year 2010 it was

awarded to Japanese duo Kazuyo Seijma and Ryue Nishizawa.

  1st census in India conducted in 1872 and the 14th census in the

year 2001. 2011 will be the 15th census.

  1872 to 1931 caste based census was conducted. Government is

conducting the caste based census for the 1st time in

independent India during 2011.

  19th Law Commission chairman is Venkata Rama Reddy.

  MMTS stands for Multi Model Transport System.

  DHMU stands for Diesel Hydraulic Multiple Unit.

  Nuclear Security Summit (NSS) convened by Obama in Washington

on April 12, 2010. Next NSS will be South Korea in the year 2012

  IED: Improvised Explosive Devise

  BRIC (Brazil, Russia, India and China) Summit 2010 held in Brazil

and for the 2011 it will be in China.

  SaaS (Software as a Service) is an application hosted on a remote

server and accessed through internet.

  India’s first commercial solar power plant is Azure powers located

in Punjab. Inaugurated in 2009.

  WIMAX (World wide interoperability for Microwave access) is a

telecommunication technology that provides wireless data in

various ways.

  Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves

delivering hosted services through internet.

  Bing, Wolframalpha, Kosmix, Cuil are the names of various search

engines.

  Orkut, Face book, Twitter, My Space, LinkedIn are the names of

various Social networks.

  Lord Wellesley established Fort William College in Calcutta in 1800.

  Fort St.George is Madras was set up in Madras in 1812 by east

India Company.

  Sulphuric Acid is the most important industrial chemical in the

world. A most commonly used strong acid.USA is the largest

producer of the same.

  Satyajit ray and Latha Mangeshkar are the two persons who won

both Bharat Ratna and Dada Sahib Phalke awards.

  369 parties contested in 15th Loksabha elections of 2009.

  Three Gorges dam (China) is the largest Hydro Power plant in the

world. Capacity 22,500 MW.

  Indian institute of science is located in Bangalore.

  Sputnik I of Russia was the first earth orbiting satellite.(1957)

  Vostok I of Russia- 1st manned earth orbiter with Yuri Gagarin

(1959).

  Luna I of Russia was the first lunar fly. Luna II was the first lunar

impact.

  PHALCON AWACS (Air borne warning and control system) delivered

to India by Israel. This is the radar surveillance system. 

  INS Vikramaditya (Air craft Carrier) will be inducted into Indian

Navy by 2012. This will be delivered b Russia.

Rulers:

  Peshwa – Pune

  Gaikwads – Baroda

  Bhonsle – Nagpur

  Holkars – Indore

  Sindhias – Gwalior.

  Article 243D of the Constitution provides that a minimum of one-

third of the total number of seats filled by direct elections in

Panchayat Raj shall be reserved for women. The reservation for

women is increased to 50% through the 110th amendment of the

Constitution

  Article 243T of the Constitution provides that a minimum of one-

third of the total number of seats filled by direct elections in

every Municipality shall be reserved for women. The reservation

for women is increased to 50% through the 112th amendment of

the Constitution.

  Justice YV Chandrachud was the longest serving CJI from February

22, 1978 to July 11, 1985.

  K N Singh was the CJI for the shortest period of time from

November 25, 1991 to December 12, 1991.

  During photosynthesis plants cool the environment by releasing

water through pores or stomata that present on the surface of

leaves.

  The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion

developed by the Italian statistician Corrado Gini.

  COBALT 60 is an artificial element. Its half life period is 5.27 years.

It is produced by neutron activation of COBALT 59.

  China started economic reforms in the year 1979 and India in the

year 1991

  The Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act 1972. This also granted

permission to kill rogue animals.

  Gir forest in Sourastra region of Gujarat is the home for Asiatic

lions.

  When Aurobindo was arrested in the year 1908 by the British for

being the prime suspect in bomb outrage, C R Das fought his case

and Aurobindo was acquitted.

  China was the 1st country to introduce paper currency. Cowries

shells were used by the Chinese as a medium of exchange.

  TWO HEADS ARE BETTER THAN ONE.

  Assam was called Kamrupa.

  The Tomaras built the city of Dhillika (Delhi) in 736.

  Alberuni (writer and scientist) and Firdausi (Poet) were present in

the court of Ghazani.

  In the first battle of T