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166116

GENERAL VENTILATION

GUIDANCE

FOR

EMPLOYERS

HSE

Health SaIet

Executive

THE

WORKPLACE

.

r



GENERAL VENTILATION

IN

TH

E:::WORKPLACE

GUIDANCE

FOR

EMPLOYERS

HSG2O2

HSE

BOOKS

1



©Crown

copyright

2000

Applications

or

reproduction

hould

be

made in

writing

to:

Copyright

Unit,

Her

Majesty's Stationery

Office,

St.Clements

House,

2-16

Colegate,

Norwich

NR3 IBO

First

published

2000

ISBN

07176

17939

AU

rights

reserved. No

part

of this

publication

may

be

reproduced,

stored in a retrieval

system,

or transmitted in

any

formor

by any

means

(electronic,

mechanical,

photocopying,

recording

or

otherwise)

without

the

prior

written

permission

of the

copyright

owner.

This

guidance

s issued

by

the Health and

Safety

Executive.

Following

he

guidance

s

not

compulsory

and

you

are free totake other

action. But

if

you

do follow the

guidanceyou

will

normally

be

doing enough

to

comply

with

the law. Health and

safety

inspectors

seek o

secure

compliance

with the law and

may

refer

tothis

guidance

as

illustrating good practice.

II



I

CONTENTS

I

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS GENERAL VENTILATION?

WHY

IS

FRESH AIR REQUIRED

IN

THE

WORKPLACE?

Health effects of

insufficient

fresh air

PRINCIPLES

OF

NATURALVENTILATION

WHEN TO USEGENERAL VENTILATION

Use of recirculated air

Emergencies

STANDARDS

OF

GENERAL VENTILATION

Factories,

hospitals,

laboratories etc

Offices,

shops,

theatres etc

Standards for

gas,

coal oroil fired

equipment

Air

movement

HOW

TO

ACHIEVE EFFECTIVE

VENTILATION IN YOUR WORKPLACE

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF

YOUR VENTILATION SYSTEM

Maintenanceof mechanicalventilation

systems

WHAT THE LAW REQUIRES YOU TO DO

REFERENCES

FURTHER INFORMATION

HSE Publications

British

Standards Institution

Publications

Other

publications

Useful

organisations

2

3

4

5

6

6

6

8

8

8

8

10

II

12

13

14

14

14

14

15

111



I

INTRODUCTION

I

I

Everyone working

in

offices, shops,

factories,

hospitals,

aboratoriesetc

requires

a

minimum standard of freshairto

produce

a

healthyworking

environment. One

way

hat

this canbe

provided

is

by

effective

general

ventilation. This

guidance

is aimed at

employers

o

help

hem

understand the

benefits and limitations

of

effective

general

ventilation n

the

workplace.

2 This

guide

defines

general

ventilationand

gives

informationonfreshair

requirements.

t

also looksat he

principles

and useof

general

ventilationasameans of

controlling

exposure

tosubstanceshazardous

o

health

as

required

undertheControl of SubstancesHazardous to

Health

Regulations

(COSHH)

1999'

and

the

associated

Approved

Codes of

Practice.2

It

gives

hecurrentventilation standardsand

advises

you,

the

employer,

on howtoachieve

effective

general

ventilation in

your

workplace.

Itoutlines

the

methods

used

to

assess

he

effectiveness of

your

ventilation

system

and

sets

out he

legislation

on

what

you

are

required

to

do

to

ensure

effective ventilation.

The

guide

also tells

you

whereto

get

further

information and

help.

3

This

guide

doesnot dealwith ventilation

of:

A

processes

requiring

local exhaust

ventilation

LEV);

A

some

specialised premises,

for

example

livestock buildings,

confinedspaces,mines

or

flammable

tores;

or

A domestic

premises.

4 This

guide

doesnotdeal

with

systems

for

controlling

smoke

and

combustion

products

from accidental firesor he

consequences

of

condensationandmould

growth.

WHAT IS GENERAL

VENTILATION?

5

Generalventilation

or

dilution' ventilation

is

a term used

to

define

theflowof

air

into and

out

ofa

working

area,

for

example

anoffice

space,

so that

any

contaminants re diluted

by

adding

some

fresh air. This can be

providedby:

A Natural ventilation which relies onwind

pressure

and

temperature

differences

to

move freshair

through

a

building

and

is

usually

not

fullycontrollable; and

A

'Forced'

or

mechanical

ventilationwhichuses

mechanical

supply

and/or

extraction to

provide

fresh air and iscontrollable

(see Figure I).

WHY IS FRESH AIR

REQUIRED

IN

THE

WORKPLACE?

6

You

need

to

provide

freshair

to:

A

provideoxygen

for

breathing

n and

to

removecarbon dioxidefrom

breathing

out;

A removeexcessheat

or,

if

conditioned,

provide

heat

eg

inwinterand

keep

a

comfortable

temperature;

A

dilute and remove

body

and other

types

of

odours

(eg

food);

and



A dilute

any

contaminants aused

by

workplace

activities ie

the

use of

dilution'

ventilation

following

a

risk

assessment).

7

Fresh air is clean' airwhichhascome from a

source outsidethe

workplace.

Themain

constituentsof

dry

air

by

volume

are:

A

nitrogen

A

oxygen

A

inert

gases

A

carbon

dioxide

8

The fresh air' which is

brought

into

your

workplace

shouldbefree of contaminants uch

as

engine

exhaust emissions,or

discharges

fromoilor

gas

fired flues orextract outlets.

If

you expect

the

inlet air

tobe

heavily

contaminatedwith

particulates eg heavy

traffic,

smoke

etc)

thenitshouldbe filtered. Air

to berecirculated shouldbe

adequately

2

filteredtoremove

particulates,

andshould

have freshair

added to

it

before

being

reintroduced intothe

workplace.

9 When

providing

freshair for

your

employees,

make surethereareno

uncomfortable

draughts

fromthemovementof

air.

Health effects of insufficientfresh air

10 Insufficient

freshair may

lead

to

tiredness,

lethargy,

headaches,

dry

or

itchy

skinand

eye

irritation

in

youremployees.

These

symptoms

may

also

be

produced

whilst

working

in

poorly

designed buildings

and officesandwhere

thereare

unsatisfactory working

conditions,

or

example

he

inability

of

workers

to

control

certain

aspects

of heir

work. The

symptoms

are

generallyworse

n

buildingswhere

there

s

not

enough

freshair.Thesearecommon

symptoms

ofwhatis

generally

knownas sick

buildingsyndrome'

(SBS).

Extractor

an

Figure

I:

Mechanical entilation

using

ans

to

supply

and extractair

Freshair

supply

an

inwall

78.08%

20 94%

0.95%

0.03%

(300

parts

per

million)



11

TheHSE

publication

How to deal

with sick

buildingsyndromes

gives

nformation

on

the

causes ofSBSand

guidance

on how o

prevent

it.

PRINCIPLES

OF

NATURAL

VENTILATION

12 A

basic

knowledge

of he

principles

of

naturalventilationcan

help

youunderstand

how

to

use

general

ventilation

as

a

way

of

controlling exposure

to

contaminants

produced

in the

workplace.

13 Natural ventilation

s

produced

by

the

effectsof

emperature

and

changes

n air

pressure

ie

wind.

Temperature

and air

Air

passes

through

building

via

open

windows

to

remove

contaminants

Windows

closed

Figure

2: cross-ventilation o

remove contaminants in

an

office building

pressure

differences

in

a

building

create an

upwardmovementof air

or

stack effect.

Occasionally,

there

can

be

downward air

movement ftheair iscold.

14 Wind forces

are

affected

by

wind

speed,

winddirectionand the

shape

ofthe

building.

Cross-ventilation occurs whenwindblowsair

through

aroomor

building

whichhas

openings,

for

example

windowson

opposite

sides

(see

Figure

2).

Single-sided

ventilation

occurs

when hereareoneormore

openings(such

as

awindow

and a

door)

on

oneside

only.

15

Stack

ventilation

may

be

effective

enough

to

carryvapoursgenerated by

small-scale

hot

industrial

processesupwards. They

can then

be

removed

through

he

roofviaroof

Air

enters

through

open

windows

Airbecomes

stagnant

if

windows

and

doors

shut



Coolairenters

at

low evel

through

open

windows

Vapour

aden air rises o

roof

where

it

accumulates

or

escapes hrough

roof

vent

tt

tt

Hot

processproducing

fumes

Figure

3:

Stack ventilation

o

remove

vapours through roof

ventilators

ventilatorsorextraction

ans, If

coolerair

comes

in

at

a ow

evel,

it

will

displace

the

warm

rising

contaminated

ir,

ie

displacement

ventilation

(seeparagraph

20)

(see

Figure

3).

WHEN

TO

USE

GENERAL VENTILATION

16

Toensureawellventilated

workplace you

should

providegeneral

ventilation that removes

stale,

contaminated,

or hot and humidairso hat

your employees

do not

suffer

any

ill-health

effects.There is

guidance

on

how

you

can

ensure thermalcomfortat

your

workplace

in

the

4

HSE

publication

Thermal

comfort

n the

workplace.4

17 You

may

consider

using

effectivenatural

and/or

mechanical

generalventilation

o

provide

the fresh

air

supply.

18 Asan

employer,

f

youcarry

out

ndustrial or

non-industrial work

processes (eghairdressing,

catering)you

will

be

required

to

undertakea

riskassessmentunder

heCOSHH

Regulations.

This means

assessing

he riskstohealthof

your

employees

who

may

be

potentiallyexposed

to

substanceshazardous

o

health. You

maythen

need to

prevent

or

adequately

control such

exposure.

If

ventilation is

not

sufficient,

the

vapour

willcollect in theroof

space

ordrift

back down

tt

9

Vapour

whichdoes

not

escapemay hang

instratified

layer

open

windows



19 If hecontaminantsofsuch a low

oxicity

and produced

in

such

low

concentrations hat it

would be

mpractical

and

costly

o use

local

exhaust

ventilation,

you may

decide

to

use

general

ventilationas

part

of

your

control

strategy (see

HSE

publication

COSHH

Essentials).5

However,

if

herearea

mall

number of

well-spaced

contaminant

ources,

using

LEV

may

bemore costeffective

than

general

ventilation

(see

Figure

4).

There

may

be

instanceswhere ntermittent

exposure

o

a

substance exceedsthe

assigned

Occupational

Exposure

Limit

(OEL),

or

example

during

welding

and

paintspraying.

In this

case,

you

should consider

using

LEV to

control

exposure.

20 When

you

use

general

ventilation o

control

exposure

tocontaminants

generated

from

industrial

processes,

itis

essential

hat:

A the rate ofcontaminant

produced

is ow

enough

forittobe

effectively

diluted

by

the

airflow

rate;

A thecontaminant hasa ow

toxicity

(see

the

Chemicals (Hazard Informationand

Packaging

for

Supply)

(Amendment)

Regulations

19996);

A thecontaminant is

produced

at

a

uniform

rate;

A

theworkers

are

positioned

at90°tothe

air

flow

(the

contaminantair must not

bedrawn

orblown

towards

he

facesof

the

operatives);

A

the

contaminant

s

generated

in low

concentrations nd can

be

controlled

o he

assigned

OEL

(see

HSE

publication

EH4O/20007);

and

A the

air

flow does

not

affect the

performance

of other

extraction

systems

eg

fume

cupboards,

LEV.

Use of recirculatedair

21

You

may

want

to use

recirculated

air

to

conserve

energy

costs.

The

extractedair

Localexhaust

ventilation s

used to

control

hazardous

substances

Dilution

ventilation

removes

any

airborne

contaminants

when lids are

removed

Figure

4:A

factory

using

a combination

of

ocalexhaustventilationand dilution ventilation o controlairborne

contaminants

5



returned

tothe

workroom

can

be

provided

by

mechanical

ventilation such

as an

air-

conditioning system.Conditioning

includes

heating

or

cooling

the

air,

filtering

it

and,

in

some

cases,

adiusting

he

humidity

o

provide

themost

comfortable

working

conditions

j

(seeFigure 5).

22

This reatment is

unlikely

toremove

all

contaminants. In

some cases

they may

reach

suchhighconcentrations hat theycause health

problems.

Thismeans that

you

should

provide

an

adequate supply

ofair intothe

system

ata

sufficientrate

to

replace

lost air.This

way you

can dilutethe

contaminants

using

thecorrect

freshair

supply

rate.

Emergencies

23

You

must

use

a

risk

assessment

to

decide

how o

manage

an

emergency.

Thiscould

be

a

spillage

or

release

of

asubstancehazardous

to

health,

which

may

be

a

mist, vapour,

gas,

fume

or

dust,

into he

atmosphere. Depending

on

the evel ofrisk

you may

thenuse

general

ventilation odilutethe

air,for instance

opening

awindowto

provide rapid

ventilation

of he

environment.

24

However,

when

your

employees

enteran

emergency

areafor

cleaningup

they

should

use other

control

measures,

for

example

wearing

suitable

respiratoryprotective

equipment

to

protect

themfrom

potential

exposure

to

hazardous

ubstances.

25 If

necessary,

ventilation

ystems

which

recirculateair must

be

switched

off

to

reduce

the riskof

ireand

explosion

during

he

emergency.

6

STANDARDS OF

GENERAL VENTILATION

26

The

Workplace (Health,

Safety

and

Welfare)

Regulations

1992

(WHSW),8

egulation

6

requires

that

you,

the

employer,

dowhat

s

neededtomakesure hat

every

enclosed

workplace

is ventilated

by

asufficient

quantity

of freshor

purified

air.

27 TheGuidance9for

regulation

6states that

the freshair

supply

rate to

yourworkplace

should

not

normally

fall below

5to8 litres

per

second,

per

occupant.

You

need to

consider

several actors when

deciding

the

appropriate

rate for

your workplace.

These include:

A

the

amount offloorspace

available

peroccupant;

A

thework

activity;

A

the

smoking

habits ofthe

occupants;

and

A

whether

there

areother sourcesofairborne

contamination

rising

from

process

machinery,

heaters,furniture,

furnishings

etc.

Factories,

hospitals,

laboratoriesetc

28

If

you

use

general

ventilation ocontrol

exposure

to

a

substance hazardous o

health,

it

is

important

hat

you

choose the

right

air

supply

rate. This should

reduce

the

concentrationsof

the

contaminants

o

well

belowthe

appropriate

OELsor

to

asafe evel

where

OELs

are not

specified

so as to

protect

youremployees

from ill health.

29 In this

case,

itisadvisabletoconsult an

occupational

hygienist

and/oraventilation



Figure

5:

Examples of

ecirculation

systems

7

Theuseof resh air

and recirculated air



on

the

correctventilation ate

and

design.

Offices,

shops,

theatres etc

30

Employees

n

offices,

shops

and

in the

entertainment

industry

are

exposed

to

contaminants

rising

from

many

sources

including

carpets,

urniture,

cleaningproducts,

heaters,

photocopiers,

he

building

tself,

the

ventilation

ducting

and

from

the

outside

environment.

31 Generalventilation is needed oremove

odours,

in

particularbody

odoursfrom

people,

rather thantoreduce adverse healtheffects.

32

The recommendedfreshair

supply

rates

perperson

are

given

in theCIBSE

GuideA:

Environmental

Design'°

producedby

he

CharteredInstitutionof

Building

Services

Engineers

CIBSE).

Theseare basedon

diluting

personal

odourand

cigarette

smoke even

thoughmany companies

now

operate

a

no

smoking' policy

orallocate

separate smoking

areas.

33 Arecommendedfresh air

supply

rate

of

8 litres

per

second

per

person

should

provide

a clean

and

hygienic workplace in

open

plan

offices,

shops

andeven

factories.

Higher

resh

air

supply

ratesof

up

to36litres

per

second

per

person

arerecommended

or

heavily

contaminated

buildings

e 70%of

people

smoking (see

CIBSE Guide

A'°).

Standards for

gas,

coal or oil fired

equipment

34

If

you

use

gas,

coaloroil fired

equipment,

the freshair

requirements

will

depend

on

what

kind of

flue

arrangement

you

use.

Room

8

flue

(drawing

air

from the room

and

discharging

products

outside) and unflued

appliances

(drawing

air

fromand

discharging

products

nto

the

room).

Furtherdetails

are

given

in

the

relevantBritishStandards

(see

Further

Information).

35 Yourworkers

are

at

risk of

gas

poisoning,

in

particular

romcarbon

monoxide,

ifthere s

not

enough

freshair in theroomtoremove

combustion

products, especially

rom unflued

combustion

equipment.

Itis essentialthatall

appliances

are

expertly

nstalled and receive

regular

maintenanceand

servicing

by

a

competent person.

Air movement

36 Airmovementcaused

bygeneral

ventilation

can affectcomfortable

working

conditions.

Your

workerswillbe

happier

f

hey

canalter

heir

environment,

for

examplebyopening

or

shutting

a

windowwhen

required.

Atnonnal

emperatures

an

air

flow

velocity

of between

0.1 to0.15

metres

per

secondand

up

to

0.25 metres

per

second

during

thesummer srecommended

y

CIBSE.'°

Keepdraughts

to

aminimum.

HOW

TO ACHIEVE

EFFECTIVE

VENTILATION

IN

YOUR

WORKPLACE

37 If

yourworkplace

is

appropriatelydesigned,

for

example by providingspace

for

flexibility,

and if he

building

ssituated wherethere s

enough

shade o

minimisesummerheat,

then

you

should

be

ableto

obtain

adequate

natural

ventilation.

engineer

or

other

competent person

to

decide ventilation ates can

vary

considerably

for

open



38

In

most

buildings

make

up

air

(air

to

replace

that

lost

from

the

building)

will

be

supplied indirectly hroughgaps

around

doors

andwindow frames or

directly hrough

vents,

windows,

grilles

and

open

doors.

39 But thereare

hings you

can

do tomake

sure

you

have

effective

ventilation

n

your

workplace:

A

install trickle

ventilators

n

window frames

aswell as

having

windowsthat

open

to

provide

controllable

draught

free

ventilation

it

is

important

hat

in

winter

any

windows

are

well

sealedand

secure

when

closed)

(see

Figure

6);

A

keep

doorsand

windows

open

to

provide

a

good supply

ofmake

up

air

(in

winter

when

thedoorsand

windows

are

shut,

you

can

supply

make

up

air

hrough

air vents and

extract

any

contaminatedair

using

a

suitable

systemeg

via roof

vents);

A

position

ans

to

extract

contaminatedair

through

anextraction

point

downwind

or

to

supply

fresh air on

awall

and/or

in

the roof,

in

particular

f

your workplace

has

a

arge

internal

space (as

in

many

industrial

units,

garages

and

warehouses);

A use

fans

on

the

wall

of

each

sideof he

building

o

keep

fresh

air

flowing

Figure

6: Natural ventilation

moving resh

air

hrough

a

building

Airenters

and

escapes

hrough

gaps

around

building

Open

windows

9

Air

containing contaminants

escapes

to

atmosphere

via root

vents

Fresh

air

enters

via

windowsand/or

openings

or

vents



throughout

he

building

eone

extracting

the

contaminatedair

while

the

other

supplies

fresh

air

(make

sure

your

employees

work

between theair

supply

and

contaminant

ource).

For

example,

n

mortuaries

freshair shouldbe

provided by

aninlet located in the

ceiling

and extracted

at

a

ow level

outlet o

reduce

the

riskof

microbes

being

inhaled;

A

use

a

combination

of

extraction

fans

in

the

wall

and/or

roof, with

open

windows

and

doors

to

supply

make

upair;

A

discharge

any

exhausted air above

the

roof

andmakesure hat there sno

opening

for

supply

air near theexhaust

discharge

making

allowance for wind

effects;

and

A locate

any

exhaustfans

as near he

source

of he

contamination

as

possible.

40

Situate

any

extract

and

supply

fan tomake

sure hat there is

enough

air movement o

remove

stale

and contaminatedairfrom all

parts

of

he

roomor

building.

Otherwise

you

may

create

poorly

ventilated areas or

dead

zones'.

41

You can

use

portable

fans

to

achievean

adequate

air

flowat

specific

sites

within

a

building

o

keep

employees

coolor o

remove contaminants

generated

from a

particularprocess.

42

To

keep

internalconditionsconstant

or

to

keep

a

process

cleanfrom airborne

contaminants

you

can

use

a more

complex

mechanical

systemwhere

the

air

is

recirculated

after

being

filtered.

10

43 When

required,your

initial assessment

(see

paragraph

18)

should start

with information on

your workplace layout,

thenumber of

your

employees

and

their

views on

the

ventilation

provided,

the

likely

source of

pollution,

evidence of

draughts,

thermal conditionsand

the

ypes

ofventilation

ystem you

are

using.

Once

you

have collected this

data

you

can then

assess whether heventilation

ystems you

use

provide

sufficient

freshair.

44 Various

techniques

canbe

used

toassess

the

effectiveness

of

building

ventilation

systems

rangingfrom

the

simplesmoke

test

o

themore

complex

measurementof racer

gas.

Examples

include:

A

using

smoke ubes

to

visualise he

pattern

ofair movementina

workplace;

A

measuring

air velocitieseither

n

the

workroom, in ductworkorat

grilles

to

determine air

flow

rates;

A

using

racers

to ollow

air movement

through

a

building

or todetermine theair

exchange

rates

by plotting

he

decay

rate of

a racer

gas

(see

HSE

publication

Measurement

of

air

change

rates n

factories

and

offices");

A

monitoring

airborne contaminants

rom an

industrial process;

and

ASSESSING THE

EFFECTIVENESS

OF

YOURVENTILATION

SYSTEM



A

measuring

carbon dioxideconcentration

within

the

workplace;

levels over 1000ppm

may

indicate

nadequate

ventilation

(see

CIBSE

Guidance

Note

Healthy

Workplaces2).

45 Ventilation

monitoring using

tracers

orairborne contaminants sa

specialised technique

and

should

be

carriedout

by people

with

the

right

expertise

and

equipment,

for

example

occupational

hygienists.

Maintenance ofmechanical

ventilation

systems

46

The

ACOP

to

regulation

6ofthe

WHSW

Regulations

1992

requires

that

any

mechanical

ventilation

ystems, ncluding

air

conditioning

systems,

which

you

use to

provide

freshair

should

be

regularly

and properly

cleaned,

testedand maintained o make sure that

they

are

kept

clean and free from

anything

which

may

contaminateheairandcause

health

problems.

47 As

a

general

rule,

if

you

run

your finger

along

he

opening

of

a

duct

and

it

collectsdust

thenit

probably

needs

cleaning. Organisations

suchas the

Heating

and

Ventilating

Contractors

Association

(HVCA)

and

the

Chartered

Institution

of

Building

Services

Engineers

(CIBSE)provide

informationon

testing

for

likelycontaminants in ductwork

and

on

cleaning.

48

If

you provide general

ventilation

by

mechanical

systems

toreduceconcentrations

of

contaminants

n

the

workplace

environment

which would otherwise

cause

ill

health,

then

regulation

6

(2)

of he

WHSW

Regulations

19928

states hat

you

willneed to includeaneffective

visible

or

audible

alarm

to

warn

of

a

failure in

the

system.

11



WHAT

THE

LAW

REQUIRES

YOU

TO

DO

49 The Health

and

Safety

atWork

etc

Act

I974,'

Section

2

(2)

(e)

requires

that

you,

as

an

employer,provide

and maintain a

working

environment

hat

is,

so far

as is

reasonably

practicable,

safe

and

without isk ohealth.

50

The Control

of

Substances Hazardous

o

Health

Regulations

1999'

(COSHH)

regulations 6,7

and8

require

that

you

undertakeariskassessment and

prevent

or

control the

exposure

of

youremployees

to

substanceshazardous tohealth

by

using

suitablecontrol measureswhich includes

general

ventilation.

Maintenance,

examination and

testing

ofthecontrol

measures

(forexample

general

ventilation)

o

meet

the

requirements

of

regulation

7

are

covered

by

regulation

9.

51 The

Workplace(Health,

Safety

and

Welfare) Regulations1992,8

regulation

5

requires

that

mechanical

ventilation

ystems

used or

providinggeneral

ventilationare

12

maintained

(including

cleaned as

appropriate)

in an efficient

state,

inefficient

working

order

and

in

good repair.Regulation6requires

that

you

ensureeffective ventilation or

any

enclosed

workplace

by providing

asufficient

quantity

of

freshor

purified

air.

The

associated

Approved

Code ofPractice andGuidance9

givesyou

practical guidance.

Note that itdoes

not

specify

how

you

can achieveeffective

ventilation

but

refers

you

tomore detailed

guidance

elsewhere.

52

Also,

regulations

21

and25

require

that

you,

the

employer,

ensure

hat

oilets

arewell

ventilatedso that offensive odoursdonot

linger

and

that

rest rooms and rest areas

includesuitable

arrangements

o

protect

non-

smokers rom discomfort caused

bysmoking.

53

Under

he

Safety Representatives

and

Safety

Committees

Regulations

1977'

and

the

Health

and

Safety(Consultation

with

Employees) Regulations

I

996,'

information

on

thecontrol

measures

used

including

general

ventilation hould

be

made

available

tothe

employees.



REFERENCES

I

I

The

Control

of

Substances Hazardous to Health

Regulations

1999SI 1999/437

Stationery

Office

1999ISBN

0

II

0820878

2

GeneralCOSI-IHACOP

(Controlof

substances

hazardous to

health)

and

Carcinogens

ACOP

(Control

ofcarcinogenic

ubstances)

and

Biological agents

ACOP

(Controlof

biological

agents).

Control

of

Substances Hazardous to Health

Regulations

1999.

Approved

Codes

of

Practice

L5

HSE Books 1999 ISBN

0

7176 16703

3

How todealwith

SBSsick

building syndrome:

Guidance

foremployers, building

owners

and

building

managers

HSG

132

HSE Books

1995

I5BN07176

0861

I

4

Thermal

comfort

n

the

workplace

HSG

194

HSE

Books 1999 ISBN

0

7176 2468 4

5

COSHH Essentials:

Easy steps

to

control

chemicals

HSG

193 HSE Books 1999

ISBN 071762421 8

6

Chemicals Hazard

Information

&

Packaging

forSupply(Amendment) Regulations

1997

SI

1997/1460

Stationery

Office 1997

ISBN

0 II

063750

X

7

Occupational Exposure

Limits

Guidance

Note

EH4O/2000 HSE Books 2000

ISBN 07176

1315

I

8

The

Workplace (Health, Safety

and

Welfare)

Regulations

1992 SI

1992/3004

HMSO

1992

ISBN

0

II

025804

5

9

Workplacehealth, safety

and

welfare.

Workplace (Health, Safety

and

Welfare) Regulations

1992:

Approved

Code

of

Practice

and

guidance

L24

HSE Books 1992 SBN

0717604136

10CIBSE Guide: VolumeA: Environmental

design

CIBSE

1999

ISBN

0 900953 95 0

II

Measurement

of

air

change

rates in

factories

and

offices

MDHS 73 HMSO 1992

ISBN

0 II

885 693 6

12

Healthy

Workplaces:

Guidance to

complying

with

the 1992health and

safety regulations

CIBSE

Guidance Note

GN2:

1993 ISBN

0

900953

58

6

13The Health and

Safety

atWork etc Act 1974

CH37

HMSO

ISBN

0

10 543774

3

14The

Safety

Representatives

and

Safety

Committees

Regulations

1977SI 1977/500

HMSO 1997

ISBN

0

11

070500

9

15The Health and

Safety

(Consultation

with

Employees)Regulations

1996 SI 1996/1513 HMSO

1996 ISBN

0 II

054839 6

13



FURTHER

INFORMATION

HSE

publications

ApprovedSupply

List

(5th

edition)

In

ormation

approved

for

he

classification

and

labelling

of

substances

and

preparations dangerousfor

supply.

Chemicals

(Hazard

In

ormation

and

Packaging

for

Supp y)(Amendment) Regulations

1994

(as

amended). ApprovedList.

HSE Books

1999

ISBN 07176

17254

Safety

in the installationand

use

ofgassystems

and

appliances.

Gas

Safety

(Installationand Use)

Regulations

1994.

Approved

Code

of

Practice

and

guidance

L56 HSE Books 1994

ISBN 07176 16355

Maintenance,

examination

and

testing

of

ocal exhaust

ventilation

2nd edition

HSG54 HSE Books

1998

ISBN

07176

14859

Ventilation

of

kitchens in

catering

establishmentsHSE

Information Sheet:

Catering

Sheet No

10

HSE

Books 1997

Thecontrol

of egionellosis including legionnaires

disease2nd edition HSG7O HSE Books 1993

ISBN

071760451 9

An introduction o local exhaustventilationHSG37

HMSO 1993 ISBN 0 II 8821342

Passive

smoking

at

work:

Workplace

air

pollution

INDG63REV HMSO 1992

British

Standards

Institution

publications

Code

of

practice for

mechanical ventilationand

air

conditioning

n

buildings

BS 5720:1979 British

Standards Institution 1979 ISBN 05801071 83

14

Code

of

practice

for

ventilation

principles

and

designing

for

naturalventilation BS 5925:1991 British

Standards Institution 1991

ISBN

05801 928

57

Installation

of flues

and ventilation

forgasappliances

of

rated

nput

not

exceeding

60 kW

(1st,

2nd and

3rd

family gases).

Part 1.

Specification

for

nstallation

of lues

BS 5440:

Part I: 1990 British Standards Institution1990

ISBN

05801

8l421

Installation

of

flues

and

ventilation

forgasappliances

of

rated

nput

not

exceeding

60

kW

(1st,

2nd and 3rd

family gases).

Part 2.

Specification

for

nstallation

of

ventilation

for gasappliances

BS

5440: Part 2:

1989British Standards nstitution

1989 ISBN 05801 80050

Other

publications

CIBSE

Guide:

Volume

B:

Installation

and

equipment

data5th edition CIBSE1986

ISBN

0

900953 30 6

CIBSE Guide: VolumeC:

Reference

data

5th edition

CIBSE

1986

ISBN

0 90053

31

4

CIBSE

Hygiene

maintenance

ofoffice

ventilation

ductwork TM26:1999CIBSE2000

(to

be

published

later

this

year)

The

Building Regulations

1991. Fl Means

of

ventilation.F2 Condensationin

roofs

HMSO 1994

ISBN

0 II

752932X

CIBSE

Minimising pollution

at

air

ntakes

-

TM2

:

1999CISBE

1999ISBN 0900

953

91

8

CIBSE Naturalventilation n non-domestic

buildings

-

Applications

Manual

AM 10: 1997CIBSE

1997

ISBN

0000953 77

2



American

Society

of

Heating, Refrigerating

andAir-conditioning

Engineers

Inc

Ventilation

foracceptable

ndoorair

quality

ASI-IRAE Standard

62-I989ASHRAE

1989

ISSN

1041

2336

TRII

7

Guide

to

goodpractice

-

Cleanliness

of

ventilation

systems

Heating

and

Ventilating

Contractors' Association 1998

ISBN 0 9037 83 26 6

The

American

Conference

of

Governmental

Industrial

Hygienists

ndustrial

ventilation.

A manual

of

recommended

practice.

23rd Edition

(Metric Version)

1998 ISBN

1

88241726

7

While

every

effort has been made to ensure

the

accuracy

of the references isted in this

publication,

their

future

availability

cannot

be

guaranteed.

Usefulorganisations

The

following organisationsproducegeneral

information,

guides,

and standards

on

general

ventilation:

The

Heating

and

Ventilating

Contractors

Association

(HVCA),

tel:

020 7229 2488

publishes guidance

on

esting

and

maintenance.

The British

OccupationalHygieneSociety

(BOHS),

tel:01332 298101 has

produced

a

general guide

on

controlling

hazardous

substances

n

he

workplace,

Technical Guide

No

7:

Controlling

airborne contaminants in

the

workplace.

The British Institute

of

Occupational

Hygienists BIOH)

tel:

01332 298087

provide

information on occupational

hygiene,

including general

ventilation.

British Standardsare available from BSI

Customer

Services, 389 Chiswick

High

Road,

LondonW4 4AL. Tel:020 8996 9001.

Fax: 0208996

7001.

The

Chartered nstitution

of

Building

Services

Engineers

(CIBSE),

tel:

0208675 5211

publishes

various technical

guides

on

buildingdesign

and

general

ventilation for

example

the

applications

manualNatural

ventilationn

non-domestic

buildings

(see

above)

which

provides

guidance

on how

to

ensure

natural

ventilation,

standardsetc.

The

Building

Services Research

and

Information

Association

(BSRIA),

tel:01344

426511

publishes

echnical

documentson

general

ventilation and

provides

information.

The

Building

Research Establishment

BRE),

tel:01923 894040

publishes

echnical

guidance

on

general

ventilation.

The American

Society

of

Heating,

Refrigerating

and

Air-conditioning

Engineers

Inc

(ASH

RAE)

can be contactedon

tel:

001 404

636

8400.

15



Printed and

published by

the Health and

Safety

Executive C80 6/00

16



HSE

BOOKS

MAIL ORDER

USE

priced

and ree

publications

re

available

from:

HSE Books

P0 Box 1999

Sudbury

Suffolk cal

o 2WA

Tel:

01787

881165

Fax:01787 13995

Website: www hsebooks co uk

RETAIL

HSE

pricedpublications

are

available from

good

booksellers

HEALTHAND SAFETY ENQUIRIES

HSE

nfoLine

Tel:

08701 545500

or

write to:

HSE Information

centre

Broad Lane

Sheffield S3 7H0

Website:

www.hse.govuk

17



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