Date post: | 25-May-2015 |
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Education |
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By:Kranz Buere
Lemar Lorzano
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
Causes of Outages Weather: lightning, wind,
rain, snow, heat, cold and ice Utility Equipment problems
and grid overload Fallen trees or tree growth Animal Contact Human Error: Underground
digging, cranes, traffic, vandalism, etc.
Misc.: Mechanical damage, construction error, fire, etc.
Risks involved during a loss of power Loss of Communications Loss of Security Lost or Corrupted Data Lost Productivity Lost Confidence Continuation of Emergency
Services
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Catastrophic Events and Weather cause us to question the reliability of our critical power systems
What risks are real? What are the most
common failures of emergency power?
Area Date Cause Without Power
CA 6/06 Grid Failures
2,500,000
St. Louis 7/06 T-Storms 700,000
Buffalo 10/06 Snow 400,000
St. Louis 12/06 Snow/Ice 720,000
WA/OR 12/06 T-Storms, Wind
1,500,000
OK/MO 1/07 Ice 500,000
Northeast 4/07 Snow 500,000
NY 6/07 T-Storms 385,000
Chicago 8/07 T-Storms 615,000
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When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Generator and Automatic Transfer Switch
Permanent or Rental Generator
Emergency Generators are complex System Design, Installation, On-going
Maintenance impact reliability. Single Generator designs have single points of
failure Rental Power backup strategy Consider Integrated Paralleling Solution with
multiple generators Fuel Reliability
Natural Gas, Propane, Diesel, Bi-fuel How much fuel is enough? Is fuel maintained?
Costs Fuel type, paralleled solution, enclosures,
connectivity features What is the best solution for critical power?
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Generator
Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Normal
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
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Generator
Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Utility failure
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
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Generator
Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Line interrupt delay
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
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Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Transfer switches signal generator to start
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
Generator
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Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Transfer switches verify rated output
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
Generator
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Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Transfer switches transfer to generator
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
Generator
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Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Utility is re-energized
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
Generator
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Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Return-to-utility timer
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
Generator
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Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: The load is transferred back to utility, generator cool-down begins
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
Generator
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Critical Transfer Switch
EquipmentTransfer Switch
GeneratorDistribution Panel
Status: Generator shuts down
SEQUENCE OF OPERATION
UtilityDistribution Panel
Generator
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Full or Limited Operation? Standby Generator
picks up selected loads automatically
Orderly Shutdown? UPS backs up
selected loads until they can be shut down
No Backup? No power until the
utility returns No services provided
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Who will be in charge? Determine the loads to be backed up What is the Voltage and Amperage? Where will the generator be located? How will it be hooked up to the building?
Who will hook it up? Have we scheduled a practice outage?
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When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Lighting Computers Security System and Phone System Air Conditioning/Heat UPS/Data Pumps (fuel, water, etc) Other electrical equipment
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When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
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After selecting loads (Whole or Limited) What is the Voltage (single or three phase) What is the Amperage needed Oversize the generator by 25% to handle motor starting
and unexpected loads Work with Engineer, Electrician or Generator Dealer
Make a written plan for this if you are relying on rental power
kW = Volts * Amps * 1.732 * 0.8 1000
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When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Generator Dealers (Generac, Cat, Cummins, Kohler, MTU) Equipment Rental Houses (United, RSC, Hertz) Make prior arrangements with supplier Have a backup plan to your backup plan!
In a weather related outage, the rental inventories are limited Have an electrician hook it up
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When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
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Done properly, and rental strategy could work
Plan aheadSave costsEmergency power only when neededGuaranteed contract should be
consideredElectrician should hook it upTrain personnel on operationHave a practice power outage
Done poorly, it won’t work Plan everything Who is trained on-site to operate the generator? What loads are backed up?
Volts/Amps/kW Rating Who will deliver the generator?
Dealer or outside service Are the roads blocked due to the storm?
Where will the connections be made in the building?
Who provides the cables? Where will I get fuel? Do I have a backup plan for
fuel? How quiet is it? Is it sized properly? How will I pay for it?
Purchase Automatic Standby Power Immediately available during an outage Maintenance Plan Exercise automatically, preparing you for an outage Very affordable at any kW size
Diesel Natural Gas or Propane Bifuel
Quiet
When would we need an emergency generator?
How does an emergency generator work? What planning needs to be done? What loads are powered by a generator? How do I properly size the generator? Where do we get one in an emergency? Should we Purchase or Rent?
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