---------------------GENETIC ENGINEERING Name Chapter 13 Reading Guide Period·' ---------- Biology 137
Read pages 318-333 to answer and complete the reading guide.
Section 13-1 Changing the Living World Selective Breeding
1. What is Selective Breeding?
2. Humans use selective breeding, which takes advantage of naturally occurring ____________
__________ in plants, and other organisms, to pass ____________________ on to the
next ________ of organisms.
3. Give four examples of selective breeding.
a.
b.
c.
d.
4. How did Luther Burbank (1849 - 1926), perhaps the greatest selective breeder of all time, help Ireland by using selective breeding?
5. As one of his tools, Burbank used __________, crossing dissimilar ________ to
bring together the ________ of_______ Hybrids, the individuals
___________by such crosses, are often __________ than ________
ofthe ___________________
6. How does hybridization help farmers with increase food production?
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______________ ________________________
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7. Define Inbreading.
8. List one positive of inbreeding and one negative of inbreeding. a. Positive ex.
b. Negative ex.
Increasing Variation
Selective breeding would be nearly _________________ without the wide ________ that is found in
This is one of the reasons biologists are interested in
________________ the __________ of plants and animals in the ______________
However, sometimes breeders want more than exists in Breeders
can ________________ the _____________________ variation in a population by
_________________________________, which are the _____________________ source of
As you may recall, __________________ are inheritable ______________ m ___________
Mutations occur spontaneously, but breeders can ______________________ the mutation __________
by using and Many mutations are
___________ to the With luck and perseverance, however,
can often produce a -- individuals
with -- with that are not found in
the
9. What are mutations?
10. Why do breeders sometimes induce mutations?
11. Increasing variation in bacteria have produced new kinds of bacteria. Look at figure 13-3. How is this mutant oil digesting bacteria helpful to the environment?
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12. New kinds of plants are produced using drugs that prevent chromosomal separation. Give two advantages mutant polyploidy plant have over their diploid relatives.
a.
b.
13. Relative genetic variations and mutations to each other.
14. You are a geneticist trying to develop a sunflower with red flowers and a short stem. As you compare the sunflowers you have, what genetic variations would you look for?
15. What kinds of plants would you select for crossing?
13-2 Manipulating DNA
Scientists use their of the structure of and its
to study and DNA molecules. Different
are used to __________ DNA from , to cut DNA into _______________
________________~, to identify the __________ of______ in a DNA molecule,
and to make unlimited copies of DNA.
The Tools of Molecular Biology Match the following by drawing a line to the correct letter
16. Restriction Enzymes a. A process used to separate and analyze DNA fragments. A porous gel and voltage is used to separate the fragments.
Genetic Engineering b. Cuts DNA molecules at specific sequence of nuc1eotides.
Gel Electrophoresis c. Making changes in the DNA code of a living organism.
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Once DNA is in a manageable form, it's can be
____________--', and even Knowing the sequence of an organism's DNA allows
researchers to study , to them
with the __________________ of___________________ organisms, and to try to discover the
_____________ of different genes and ___________________________
17. List three techniques scientists use to read and change the sequence of DNA molecules.
a.
b.
c.
18. Why might a scientist want to know the sequence of a DNA molecule?
19. What is recombinant ON A?
20. What is a polymerase chain reaction (peR) used for?
13~3 Cell Transformation
During _______________________, a ____________ takes in DNA from
the cell. This external DNA becomes a of the cells' DNA.
Transforming bacteria
21. What is transformation?
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22. How can you tell a transformation experiment has been successful?
13-4 Applications of Genetic Engineering
Genetic engineering makes it _________ to __________DNA sequences, including
_________ genes, from one organism to another.
23. Look at figure 13-12. How did Steven Howell apply genetic engineering to a tobacco plant?
Transgenic Organisms
24. What is a transgenic organism?
Genetic engineering has spurred the _________ of________, which is a ____
___________ that is , the way we __________ with the
List two practical applications for each ofthe following
Transgenic Bacteria a.
b.
Transgenic Animals a.
b.
Transgenic Plants a.
b.
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25. What basic steps were used to produce Dolly?
26. Why did Dolly not look like her mother?
Read pg. 330, Issues in Biology. Do genetically modified Foods Need Stricter Controls?
27. List two viewpoints for tighter control ofGM foods and list two viewpoints for GM foods not needing tighter control.
Tighter Control of GM Foods a.
b.
Not Tighter Control ofGM Foods a.
b.
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