Genetically Modified Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)Organisms (GMOs)
And how they are important in the 21And how they are important in the 21stst centurycentury
By: SBBy: SB
What Are GMOs?What Are GMOs? GMOs are organisms who have had their GMOs are organisms who have had their
genetic makeup altered to give them genetic makeup altered to give them new characteristics or traits.new characteristics or traits.
Can be used to greatly improve all types Can be used to greatly improve all types of organismsof organisms
1.1. Bacterial CellsBacterial Cells2.2. PlantsPlants3.3. AnimalsAnimals4.4. HumansHumans
How They’re CreatedHow They’re Created Desired gene is isolated and cut with restriction Desired gene is isolated and cut with restriction
enzymesenzymes Replicated many times through PCR or bacterial Replicated many times through PCR or bacterial
plasmids.plasmids. 2 ways of getting the gene into the cell…2 ways of getting the gene into the cell…
- A vector (bacterial plasmids or viruses)- A vector (bacterial plasmids or viruses)- Shotgun method (bio-ballistics)- Shotgun method (bio-ballistics)
Done in the embryonic stem cells.Done in the embryonic stem cells. 2 types of genetic engineering2 types of genetic engineering
- Positive eugenics- Positive eugenics- Negative eugenics- Negative eugenics
http://www.littletree.com.au/dna.htm
GM Bacterial CellsGM Bacterial Cells Antibiotic resistant bacteria made to Antibiotic resistant bacteria made to
help find new drugshelp find new drugs Human genes added to bacteria to Human genes added to bacteria to
produce human hormones that can produce human hormones that can treat certain diseases or disorders.treat certain diseases or disorders.
Certain bacteria can be used to Certain bacteria can be used to benefit our environment.benefit our environment.
Genetically Modified Genetically Modified PlantsPlants
Enhances the taste and quality of Enhances the taste and quality of fruits, vegetables, grains, etc.fruits, vegetables, grains, etc.
Takes less time to ripen and stays Takes less time to ripen and stays ripe longerripe longer
Greater resistance to disease, Greater resistance to disease, insects and herbicidesinsects and herbicides
Increases the yield of the cropIncreases the yield of the crop
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http://carroll1.cc.edu/~fys/ppp/GMPlants.htm
http://1820.org.uk/2006/01/food_for_freedom.shtml
Genetically Modified Genetically Modified AnimalsAnimals
AgricultureAgriculture Better yield of meat, eggs and milkBetter yield of meat, eggs and milk Increased resistance, hardiness and Increased resistance, hardiness and
productivityproductivityPharmingPharming Certain animals produce substances that Certain animals produce substances that
are useful in treating human patientsare useful in treating human patientsMedical ResearchMedical Research Helps to determine what certain genes doHelps to determine what certain genes do Experiments done on animals with human Experiments done on animals with human
diseases allow for discoveries of new drugsdiseases allow for discoveries of new drugs
Genetically Modified Genetically Modified HumansHumans
Eradicates all genetic diseases.Eradicates all genetic diseases. All physical traits of a person All physical traits of a person
can be modified to be what the can be modified to be what the parents wish.parents wish.
It’s believed that psychological It’s believed that psychological and social characteristics can be and social characteristics can be altered as well.altered as well.
Improve health and lifespan.Improve health and lifespan.
Pertinence in the 21Pertinence in the 21stst CenturyCentury
The use of genetically modified crops The use of genetically modified crops and animals to help solve world and animals to help solve world hunger problemshunger problems
Using genetically modified bacteria or Using genetically modified bacteria or animals in the field of medical animals in the field of medical research to find or develop new drugsresearch to find or develop new drugs
Genetic engineering of humans to Genetic engineering of humans to eradicate genetic diseaseseradicate genetic diseases
Germline manipulation of humans to Germline manipulation of humans to produce “designer babies”produce “designer babies”
AcknoledgementsAcknoledgements______. (2007). GM Animals. Retrieved Dec. 14, 2007 from ______. (2007). GM Animals. Retrieved Dec. 14, 2007 from
<http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1229>.<http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=1229>.
Frankel, Mark S. (May 2001). Facing Inheritable Genetic Modifications. Frankel, Mark S. (May 2001). Facing Inheritable Genetic Modifications. EBSCO EBSCO Host Research Database, Host Research Database, volume 292 (issue 5520). Retrieved Dec. 12, 2007 volume 292 (issue 5520). Retrieved Dec. 12, 2007 from <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?from <http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=116&sid=65b10e90-d9aa-4c0a-a51f-vid=4&hid=116&sid=65b10e90-d9aa-4c0a-a51f-797a41740ea4%40sessionmgr103>. 797a41740ea4%40sessionmgr103>.
Hayes, Richard. (Jan. 2000). In the Pipeline: Genetically Modified Humans. Hayes, Richard. (Jan. 2000). In the Pipeline: Genetically Modified Humans. The The Multinational MonitorMultinational Monitor, Volume 21 (number 1 & 2). Retrieved Dec. 2, 2007 , Volume 21 (number 1 & 2). Retrieved Dec. 2, 2007 from <http://multinationalmonitor.org/mm2000/mm0001.09.html>.from <http://multinationalmonitor.org/mm2000/mm0001.09.html>.
McCuen, Gary E. (1985). McCuen, Gary E. (1985). Manipulating Life: Debating the Genetic RevolutionManipulating Life: Debating the Genetic Revolution. . Hudson, Wisconsin: Gary McCuen Publications inc. Hudson, Wisconsin: Gary McCuen Publications inc.
Steinbracher, Ricarda. (July 1998). Steinbracher, Ricarda. (July 1998). What is Genetic EngineeringWhat is Genetic Engineering. Retrieved Nov. . Retrieved Nov. 25, 2007 from <http://online.sfsu.edu/%7Erone/GEessays/WhatisGE.html>.25, 2007 from <http://online.sfsu.edu/%7Erone/GEessays/WhatisGE.html>.
Watson, James D. (2004). Watson, James D. (2004). DNA: The Secret of LifeDNA: The Secret of Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Zaitlin, Milton. (2007). Biotechnology. Zaitlin, Milton. (2007). Biotechnology. Access ScienceAccess Science. Retrieved Dec. 12, 2007 . Retrieved Dec. 12, 2007 from <from <http://accessscience.com/content.aspx?id=084350>.http://accessscience.com/content.aspx?id=084350>.