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Genetics
Chromosomes
Genetic abnormalities
The study of heredity and the variation of inherited traits.
Found in nucleus of the cell, inherited from parents which carry genes and DNA that determine heredity.
Organized picture of chromosomes with their homologous pair.
Karyotype
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Genes: A segment of DNA occupying a specific place on a chromosone. Genome = gene sequence.
DNA: Is the genetic material determining the make up of all living things.
Nucleotide: A strand of DNA
Nitrogen bases
1 nucleotide
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RNA: A single strand of nucelotides which takes DNA out of the nucleus.
DNA RNA2 strands of nucleotides 1 strand of nucleotide
stays in nucleus leaves nucleushas thymine has uracil
2 sugars deoxyribose 1 sugar ribose
Types of RNAMessenger RNA Transfer RNA
mRNA tRNAtransports copied DNA
to ribosomestransports anticodons
to ribosomes codons anticodons
translation: translating the sequence of mRNA to produce a sequence of AA
transcription: Process by which DNA is copied and messenger RNA is created.
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Ribosomes: Found in cytoplasm of the cell and the area where protein synthesis occurs.
Proteins: Are produced by combining amino acids together. Proteins will code for traits, enzymes, blood types etc. The protein produced depends on the DNA a person inherited.
Amino Acids: Building blocks of protein. There are 20 amino acids produced from the 64 codons which exist.
protein chain
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TACGGGGGAGGGCAGAGAATT
transcription and translation.mp4 translation.mp4
As little as 100 to 600 amino acids will produce a protein.
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Mutations• Errors in genetic codes made during replication of DNA).
• Errors may be good, irrelevant or bad.
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Past Exam Questions1.DNA is the molecule that allows us to code all genetic characteristics. During protein synthesis, new molecules are formed to facilitate this process. A strand of DNA is shown below.
AGC TAC CTG GAA GTT CCTWhich strand of mRNA below, corresponds to the strand of DNA above?A) UCG AUG GAC CUU CAA GGAB) TCG ATG GAC CTT CAA GGAC) UCT AUT TAC CUU CAA TTAD) TCG UTG GUC CTT CUU GGU
Attachments
transcription_and_translation.mp4
transcription_and_translation.mp4
translation.mp4