Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

International Symposium on Genetics and International Symposium on Genetics and

Reproductive Management for Animal ProductionReproductive Management for Animal Production

Genetics of Alpine, Genetics of Alpine, SaanenSaanen, Boer and , Boer and NubianNubian

Mr. DeMr. De--Chi WangChi WangAssociate researcher, Hengchun Branch

Livestock Research InstituteCouncil of Agriculture

dcwang@mail.tlri.gov.tw

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

￭

Land area: 360,000 Km2 L:395 W:14460% of area are hilly or mountainous

￭

Climate: tropical & subtropicalMonsoon in winter

￭

Temperature: 24.5 ºC (14~35 ºC)￭

Precipitation: 2,548 mm/yearMostly in summer, a typhoon season

￪Tropic of Cancer23.5ºN

Natural Environment

(Huang, 2010)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Goat milk and chevon are taken as a tonic rather than a drink or just food中國本草綱目記載：羊奶甘溫無毒、補寒冷虛、潤心肺、

治消渴、療虛勞、易精氣、補肺腎氣和小腸氣

南宋 陳居中 四羊圖

Position of Goat Industry

￭

Goat industry is relatively small Shared only 1% of animal outputvalue in 2009

￭

Buck odor & expensiveness

46.98%

31.27%

4.87%

13.67%1.19%

0.97%

1.05%

Pork

Beef

Goat meat and milk

Poultry

Cow Milk

Eggs

Others (Horse, Deer,Rabbit, Honey,etc.)

(Huang, 2010)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Distribution of Goat Farms

Goat farms are concentratedin the west of the island because of the lower cost of transportation and the larger market

(Huang, 2010)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Number of Goats and Scale of Goat Farm

230,000 in totalMeat goats: 160,000

64/farm Dairy goats: 70,000

159/farm

(Huang, 2010)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The Breeds of Goats

Bo1%

AL20%

NU16%

SA7%

NG3%

FX53%

NG

SA

NU

AL

TO

FX

BoBo

Indigenous black goat

Nubian

Standard Boer Red Boer Alpine Saanen(Huang, 2010)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Breeds of Dairy Goats

Major breeds: 70% of Alpine, 30% of SaanenWhy Alpine?1. More adapted to tropical climate2. Higher survival rate of the kids3. The coat color is preferable when the male kids are used for meat

Toggenburg and La Mancha are negligible

Nubian is for meat only due to the shorter lactation period

Alpine NubianSaanen

(Huang, 2010)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The duration of lactation for Saanen and Alpine does during 2003 to 2005

(Su et al.,2007)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Comparison on the average daily milk production in first or multiple parities for Saanen and Alpine does during 2003~2005

(Su et al.,2007)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Comparison on the total milk production in first or multiple parities for Saanen and Alpine does during 2003~2005

(Su et al.,2007)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.(Su et al.,2007)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The variation of EC and SCC in different breed goats

(Chen et al.,2008)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Nubian originated from U. S. A.

Nubian originated from Australia

Breeds of Meat Goats

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Breeds effects on reproductive performance

Breed

Conception rate Singling Twinning Tripling Kidding

rate

％

Na 83.8 41.9 54.8 3.3 161.3

*Nu 76.7 21.4 46.4 32.2 212.1

*Nu: Nubian Kidding rate: Number of kids born/Number of pregnant does.

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Breed effects on carcass characteristics

Breed

Live weight Dressing

percentag e

Lean meat

Fat Bone Skin

kg

Ⅰ* Ⅱ**

％

Na 50.8 48.4 32.9 67.9 7.1a 11.9a 11.8

Nu 60.0 46.5 31.2 67.1 10.5b 10.4b 10.2

* Lean meat % of live weight. ** Lean meat % of carcase. Values with different superscripts in the same item are different significantly (p<0.05).

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Standard Boer

Red Boer

Black Boer

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Body weight (kg) of male and female Boer goats at various ages

(Lu and Potcoiba, 1988)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Growth rate (g/day) of Boer goats from birth to 41 kg body weight under confinement

(Van Niekerk and Casey, 1988)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The growth performances of Boer and hybrid Boer goat

Item

Birth weight

3 months weight

6 months weight

9 months weight

12 months weight

kg

Boer 4.15±0.45 13.20±2.53 22.60±3.73 35.03±1.90 50.17±3.17

2 cross 2.73±0.13 11.04±2.15 16.24±2.23 29.20±1.42 42.40±2.62

3 cross 3.91±0.13 14.54±0.93 19.44±2.24 33.85±2.20 50.58±0.98

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The ADG of Boer and hybrid Boer goat

Item0-3 months 3-6 month 6-12 month

kg

Boer 0.10 0.10 0.15

2 cross 0.09 0.06 0.15

3 cross 0.12 0.05 0.17

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The carcass performances of Boer and hybrid Boer goat

ItemLive weight

Carcass weight

Dressing p ercentage

Lean meat (Live weight)

Lean meat (Carcass) Fat Bone

kg %

Boer49.83±4.89 29.37±1.70 59.28±3.14 32.37±1.49 54.68±1.24 9.12±0.82 17.52±0.88

2 cross 44.50±4.50 24.21±0.44 54.70±4.40 30.30±2.50 55.93±9.17 8.26±0.56 17.13±0.68

3 cross 49.79±1.71 28.29±1.46 56.86±2.05 31.65±0.99 55.80±1.31 9.51±0.56 19.10±0.93

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Breeding of Meat Goat

Black Boer

Up-graded progenyWith 87.5% of Boer

Up-graded breed of meat goat consisting of 87.5% of Boer

Nubian crosses X black Boer

↓F1 X BB

↓

G1 X BB

↓

G2

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The reproductive data by interbred of 87.5% Black hybrid Boer goat from 2005 to 2008

Breeds Traits Year

87.5%Bo2005

87.5%Bo2006

87.5%Bo2007

87.5%Bo2008 Sum of total

Number of heads 9 41 38 7 95

Birth rate 88.9(8) 87.8(36) 94.7(36) 71.4(5) 89.5(85)

Kidding rate 200(16) 169(61) 180(65) 120(6) 174(148)

Single 37.5(3) 41.7(15) 22.2(8) 80.0(4) 35.3(30)

Twin 37.5(3) 47.2(17) 75(27) 20.0(1) 56.5(48)

Triple 12.5(1) 11.1(4) 2.8(1) 0.0(0) 7.1(6)

Quadruple 12.5(1) 0.0(0) 0.0(0) 0.0(0) 1.2(1)

Kids survival at weaning

100.0(14/14)

94.4(51/54)

86.7(52/60)

66.7(4/6)

90.3(121/134)

(Su et al.,2009)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The birth weight, weaning weight and the growth performances of 87.5% Black hybrid Boer goat before weaning on various

kidding year, parity, litter size of dam, and sex of kids

Items N BW (0 day)/kg N BW (90 days)/kg ADG (90 days)/g

Year

2005 14 3.2 14 16.9 a 152.2 a

2006 54 3.2 51 14.4 b 124.4 b

2007 60 3.2 52 13.7 b 116.7 b

2008 6 3.3 4 18.3 a 166.7 a

(Su et al.,2009)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

The body weight and ADG of 87.5% Black hybrid Boer goat at six, nine month and one year age on various kidding year,

parity, litter size of dam, and sex of kids

Items

N

BW(180 day)/kg

ADG(180 days)/g

N

BW(270 day)/kg

ADG(270 days)/g

N

BW(365 day)/kg

ADG(365 days)/g

Year

2005 13 25.3 a 122.7 a 13 35.5 a 119.7 a 8 40.9 103.3

2006 49 22.3 ab 106.1 ab 46 29.9 b 98.9 b 26 38.5 96.7

2007 50 20.5 b 96.1 b 51 28.7 b 94.4 b 26 38.3 96.2

2008 4 24.9 ab 120.0 a 4 31.7 ab 105.2 ab 2 38.9 97.5

(Su et al.,2009)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

DNA Barcode System for Genomic GoatsDNA Barcode System for Genomic Goats

(Wu et al.,2006)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Genotype frequency of caprine mucopolysaccharidosis IIID in Taiwan goat breeds

(Lin et al.,2008)

Hengchun Branch, COA-LRI, Taiwan, R. O. C.

Thanks for your attention!!!