Mendel’s Laws of HeredityCh 10.1

What is heredity?

The passing on of characteristices from parents to offspring.

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies heredity

the characteristics that are inherited are traits.

Mendel was the first person to success in predicting how traits would be transferred from one generation to the next.

Medels Subject

He chose pea plants, which reproduce sexually, which means they have two distince sex cells, male and female.

sex cells are called gametes.

the transfer of male pollen grains to the pistil of a flower is called pollination

the uniting of male and female gametes is called fertilization

Crosses

A hybrid is the offspring of parents that have different forms of a trait, such as tall and short.

Mendel first did monohybrid crosses, which means he was looking at only one trait.

Mendel’s crosses

The rule of dominance

the law of segregation

phenotype

the way an organism looks and behaves is called it’s phenotype.

example: what color are your eyes, or your hair?

what you see is the phenotype.

Genotype

the gene combination an organisms contains is known as genotype.

homozygous vs heterozygous

an organism that is homozygous for a trait has two alleles for the trait that are the same.

an organism that is heterozygous for a trait has two different alleles (dominant and recessive).

punnett square

punnett sqaures are used to predict what possible offspring may be.

dihybrid cross

sources

http://www.glencoe.com/qe/images/b136/q4315/ch10_0_h.gif

http://www.ck12.org/flexr/chapter/1805/

http://www.tutorvista.com/biology/dihybrid-cross-calculator