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Herding Dogs Genna Owen
Applied Sciences
Missouri State University
Fig. 31: The Border Collie uses a direct stare at sheep, known as "the eye", to intimidate while herding
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2
DICLAIMER 3
INTRODUCTION 4
BREEDS 5-20
WHICH PUP TO PICK? 21-27
NUTRITION 28-29
TRAINING DOGS TO HERD 30-31
REFERENCES 32-34
Disclaimer
While there are various breeds of herding dogs, this technical report will
focus on Border Collies as they are a commonly known herding breed
and have various herding abilities. The livestock that will be focused on is
cattle, because cattle and sheep shepherds frequently use Border Col-
lies. While I did research each topic thoroughly, this information should
not be a replacement for professional advice from breeders, veterinari-
ans, nutritionists, dog trainers, etc.
Introduction
Herding dogs were bred out of necessity to help farmers with live-
stock, mainly sheep and cattle. They are usually high energy, pro-
tective, and family oriented, Herding dogs are hard wired to herd,
so if they are not working and well trained, they may be unruly.
Having them compete in dog sports is a great way for them to
have a job, expel energy, and become a well rounded dog
(Herding Dogs). The herding dog program for the American Kennel
Club (AKC) began June 13, 1989 and competitions include herding
breeds, Rottweilers, and Samoyeds (History of Herding).
Breeds
Alert, intelligent, and courageous, the Australian Cattle dog is a hard worker
who is loyal, protective of its owners, herd, and property. With a compact,
symmetrical, muscular, and medium sized body, this high energy dog is
great at herding cattle in open or confined areas. It has great agility,
strength, and endurance (Herding Group).
Australian Cattle Dog
Australian Shepherd
The Australian Shepherd is a high energy, medium dog that has a loud
personality, smarts, and great work ethic. With a solid but agile body,
this breed is great at herding most types of livestock (Herding Group).
Fig. 1: Australian Cattle Dog in field
Fig. 2: Australian Shepherd
The Bearded Collie is known for it’s long, flowing , shaggy coat and friendly,
intelligent demeanor. This breed loves the outdoors, working, people, and
herding most livestock (Herding Group).
Bearded Collie
Beauceron
The Beauceron is a highly active and useful breed, but requires a job
and training. They are a larger herding dog, but is still graceful (Herding
Group).
Fig. 3: Bearded Collie
Fig. 4: Beeauceron
The Belgian Malinois is a large, high energy herding dog. They are commonly
used in military and the police force due to their loyalty, intelligence, and
work ethic (Herding Group).
Belgian Malinois
Belgian Sheepdog
The Belgian Sheepdog is a medium, high energy breed that is intelli-
gent, serious, and a great watch dog. They are proportional, muscular,
and agile breed (Herding Group).
Fig. 5: A Male Belgian Malinois
Fig. 6: Belgian Sheepdog
Belgian Sheepdog
The Belgian Tervuren is a medium sized, high energy herding dog. They are
watchful, smart, and not afraid of a fight. They are protective of their herd
(Herding Group).
Belgian Tervuren
The Bergamasco is a larger, medium energy breed that is independent,
but still loves people, and intelligent. Their coats contain three types of
hair: weaved, matted, and long. Tis protects the dog from the environ-
ment and predators (Herding Group).
Fig. 7 : Belgian Tervuren
Fig. 8: Bergamasco
Bergamasco
The Berger Picard is a well mannered, loyal, and watchful breed. They are of
medium size and energy and were made an official HERDING GROUP reg-
isted breed in 2016 (Herding Group).
Berger Picard
The Border Collie is used for various livestock due to it’s agility, impressive
intelligence, loving nature, high energy, and great work ethic. They are
known as one of the top herding breeds (Herding Group).
Fig. 9 : Berger Picard
Fig. 10: Border Collie
Border Collie
The Bouvier Des Flandres is a larger, high energy, friendly herding breed.
They are good with children and family, but wary f strangers. They are stub-
born, so need a strong willed owner (Herding Group).
Bouvier Des Flandres
Briards are an intelligent, medium energy and sized breed. They are live-
ly, confident, agile, and strong (Herding Group).
Fig. 11: Bouvier Des Flandres
Fig. 12: Briard
Briard
The Canaan Dog is a medium sized, medium energy dog that is alert, confi-
dent, and vigilant. They are protective over their territory, wary of strangers,
but loving to their family (Herding Group).
Canaan Dog
Cardigan Welsh Corgis are intelligent, loving, and loyal. They are of me-
dium energy and size. Cardigan Welsh Corgis are also great with chil-
dren since they are even-tempered and outgoing (Herding Group).
Fig. 13: Canaan Dog
Fig. 14: A blue merle–colored Cardigan
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
The beloved canine movie star Lassie, was a Collie. This breed is a large,
medium energy dog that is family oriented, graceful, and proud (Herding
Group).
Collie
The Entlebucher Mountain Dog is a happy, loyal, and intelligent breed.
They are high energy and medium size. While gentle, they could be mis-
taken as aggressive due to their high confidence levels (Herding
Group).
Fig. 15: Dog, Rough Collie
Fig. 16: Entlebucher Sennenhund
Entlebucher Mountain Dog
The Finnish Lapphund is a medium energy and sized herding breed. They are
agile ,alert, and while wary of strangers, loving to their family. They are a more
submissive breed (Herding Group).
Finnish Lapphund
As common police dog, the German Shepherd Dog is confident, intelli-
gent, and courageous. They are of large size and medium energy and
the second most popular dog breed owned in America, behind Labra-
dors (Herding Group).
Fig. 17: Finnish Lapphund
Fig. 18: German Shepherd Dog
German Shepherd Dog
The medium energy and medium sized Icelandic Sheepdog is playful, curious,
and friendly (Herding Group).
Icelandic Sheepdog
Having only been officially registered in 2016, the Miniature American
Shepherd is a relatively new breed. It is high energy and of medium
build. They are devoted to family and work, pleasant, and intelligent
(Herding Group).
Fig. 19: Our Icelandic Sheepdog
Fig. 20: Blue Merle Miniature American Shepherd in Grass
Miniature American Shepherd
The Norwegian Buhund is a medium energy, medium sized herding breed
who is confident, insightful, loving, and smart (Herding Group).
Norwegian Buhund
The Old English Sheepdog a large, medium energy breed that is gen-
tle, intelligent, an adaptable (Herding Group).
Fig. 21: Norwegian Buhund
Fig. 22: Old English Sheepdog Ch Bobbyclown's Dare for More,
known as Pepsi. Topwinning oes in Norway 2006
Old English Sheepdog
The Pembroke Welsh Corgi is a medium energy, medium sized breed with a
loving but bold nature and intelligence (Herding Group).
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Medium in stature and energy, the Polish Lowland Sheepdog is clever,
independent, and loyal (Herding Group).
Fig. 23: Welsh Corgi Pembroke
Fig. 24: A 3–months old male puppy
Polish Lowland Sheepdog
Puli’s have a distinct dreadlocked coat. They are medium sized with medium
energy, loyal, and smart, but they need a strong willed owner as they are
stubborn (Herding Group).
Puli
The Pyrenean Shepherd is of medium stature and medium energy. They
are trouble makers, happy, wary of strangers, and loving to family
(Herding Group).
Fig. 25: Puli "Ch Banhegyi Ancsa with Mornebrake" (Ancsa) owned by Mr
and Mrs Fulton, at the City of Birmingham Championship Dog Show, 30th
August 2003
Fig. 26: A Pyrenean Shepherd in the Snow
Pyrenean Shepherd
The Shetland Sheepdog is medium sized with medium energy. They are intelli-
gent, playful, and love people (Herding Group).
Shetland Sheepdog
The Spanish Water Dog is a spunky, work oriented, friendly breed. They
are of medium energy and size (Herding Group).
Fig. 27: Shetland Sheepdog - Pacarane Political Party owned
by Mrs Laversuch.
Fig. 28: Spanish Water Dog in Tallinn duo CACIB, 17-18 Aug 2013
Spanish Water Dog
This high energy, medium sized breed loves people, intelligent, and watchful
(Herding Group).
Swedish Vallhund Fig. 29: Swedish Vallhund
Which Pup to Pick?
The only way to know if a dog has what you are looking for is to buy an adult,
pre-trained dog. But if you prefer adopting or buying a dog as a puppy to
train as you wish, picking the right puppy from the litter can be difficult. Do you
pick the one trying to jump on your shoulder? Or the one hiding in the corner?
To make this decision easier, you must know what kind of dog you are looking
for and how do determine which puppy has those qualities. A great way to
find these pre-determined qualities is by referring to a puppy temperament
test using the Volhard Technique (Sukovaty), These are usually done at around
when the puppy turns six to eight weeks old since by that age, their tempera-
ment starts to become apparent (Sukovaty). The location, tester, and scorer
should be unfamiliar to the puppy. Only one puppy should be tested at a time
in a 10 foot square area. The puppies should be tested before they are fed,
not tired, healthy, and not the day of or after a vaccination. The following
charts are from Dr. Lacy Sukovaty’s Companion Animal Management 1 Ca-
nine Breeding Stock Selection Power point.
Figure 30: L'élevage de Grimmauprès se situe en Belgique
Test Response Score
SOCIAL
ATTRACTION
Came readily, tail
up, jumped, bit at
hands
1
Came readily, tail
up,
pawed, licked at
hands
2
Came readily, tail
up
3
Came readily, tail
down
4
Came hesitantly,
tail down
5
Didn’t come at all 6
FOLLOWING Followed readily,
tail up, got under-
foot, bit at feet
1
Followed readily,
tail up, got under-
foot
2
Followed readily,
tail up
3
Followed readily,
tail down
4
Followed hesitant-
ly, tail down
5
Did not follow or
went away
6
Test Response Score
RESTRAINT Struggled fiercely,
flailed, bit
1
Struggled fiercely,
flailed
2
Settled, struggled,
settled with some
eye contact
3
Struggled, then
settled
4
No struggle 5
No struggle,
strained to avoid
eye contact
6
SOCIAL
DOMINANCE
Jumped, pawed,
bit, growled
1
Jumped,
pawed
2
Cuddled up to
tester and tried to
lick face
3
Squirmed, licked
at hands
4
Rolled over, licked
at hands
5
Went away and
stayed away
6
Test Response Score
ELEVATION
DOMINANCE
Struggled fiercely,
tried to bite
1
Struggled fiercely 2
Struggled, settled,
struggles, settled
3
No struggle,
relaxed
4
No struggle, body
stiff
5
No struggle,
frozen
6
RETREIVING Chased object,
picked it up and
ran away
1
Chased object,
stood over it and
did not return
2
Chased object,
picked it up and
returned with it to
tester
3
Chased object
and returned
without it to test-
er
4
Started to chase
object, lost inter-
est
5
Does not chase
object
6
Test Response Score
SOUND SENSITIVITY Listened, located
sound and ran to-
ward it barking
1
Listened, located
sound and
walked slowly to-
ward it
2
Listened, located
sound and
showed curiosity
3
Listened and lo-
cated sound
4
Cringed, backed
off and hid be-
hind tester 5
5
Ignored sound
and showed no
curiosity
6
SIGHT SENSITIVITY Looked, attacked
and bit object
1
Looked and put
feet on object
and put mouth on
it
2
Looked with curi-
osity and attempt-
ed to investigate,
tail up
3
Looked with curi-
osity, tail down
4
Ran away or hid
behind tester
5
Hid behind test-
er
6
For a herding dog, choosing the puppy with a score of mainly 2-4 in each cat-
egory. Scores of one to two mean the puppy is dominant, bad with children,
and hard to train. Scores of three to four are what family dogs range since
they should be good with children, train well, and are energetic. Scores of five
mean the puppy is shy and fearful. They would be poor herding dogs. A score
of six means the puppy is independent, hard to train, hard to bond with, but
would be great guard dogs (Sukovaty).
Test Response Score
STABILITY Looked and ran
to the umbrella,
mouthing or biting
it
1
Looked and
walked to the um-
brella, smelling it
cautiously
2
Looked and went
to investigate
3
Sat and looked,
but did not move
toward the um-
brella
4
Showed little or no
interest
5
Ran away from
the umbrella
6
Nutrition
Each individual dog has a different dietary requirement. An older or obese
dog requires a different diet than, say, a growing puppy. Border Collies are
high energy and a herding breed. This means they require a high caloric diet
containing high quality protein and fat (Healthy Diet for a Border Collie).
To maintain their weight, the activity level, age, weight, and health issues into
consideration. Make sure the food is balanced, whether it is home or com-
mercially made. The first few ingredients should be high quality, meat protein
(Healthy Diet for a Border Collie).
If you choose to feed your dog a raw diet, consult a veterinarian and make
sure the diet is nutritionally balanced and only use fresh ingredients. There is a
high risk of contamination and malnutrition when using a raw diet.
For a working dog or one with high energy, a high calorie diet is needed. It
must contain high quality protein and fat. A diet with 25% protein and 15% fat
is suitable for a working Border Collie (Healthy Diet for a Border Collie).
If the Border Collie has health or weight issues, the diet may need to be tai-
lored specifically to meet those needs. Weight loss formulas are high in fiber
and therapeutic diets have added vitamins and minerals.
Some examples of working Border Collie commercial food diets are Taste of
the Wild and Purina.
Training Dogs to
Herd
After picking a suitable dog with “the gaze,” as in a strong and steady stare,
the training begins (How to Train). With a puppy, start out by training them
basic commands such as “come, down, and stay (How to Train).” After that,
train them to go right and right on command (How to Train) Once they have a
handle on those commands, start the dog with smaller livestock that cannot
outrun them, challenge them, or ignore them, such as ducks or geese. If they
are started off with livestock that is too challenging, it could scare the puppy
and be counterproductive to the training exercises (Border Collie).
After a suitable amount of
time, the livestock used should
be more challenging to the
dog so they can hone their
herding skills (Border Collie).
Once the dog is ready to meet cattle, round up a few cattle in a small pen.
Once they are used to the cattle, lead the dog around the pen and reinforce
the commands taught previously (How to Train). If the dog moves a certain
way, reinforce that by telling them the command they did and praising them
(How to Train). After enough time, this will become second nature and the
dog will be able to work next to the handler on ranges.
Fig. 32: Border Collie
Fig. 33: Border Collie (Vickie)
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