GENUITY® Corn on Corn
Corn Rootworm Update
July 31, 2012 Spencer, IA
Craig Lamoureux Monsanto Technology Development Rep
Corn Rootworm Update
Welcome
•Node Injury Scale (NIS) 0-3 and the definition of CRW damage
•Refresher on corn rootworm biology – life cycle
•Monsanto Corn rootworm technology history/background
•2011 Location Data
•2012 recommendations
0.01 1.0 2.0 3.0
0-3 Iowa State Node-Injury Scale (Oleson 1998)
Less Damage Greater Damage
Iowa State Node-Injury Scale
2nd
Larval Stage (4-9 mm long)
3rd Larval Stage (10-16 mm long)
Pupa – 1 to 2 weeks
WCR Adult – emerge
July and early August
Eggs – Laid in soil
from late July to October
and overwinter in soil
Rootworm Life Cycle And Biology
1st
Larval Stage (1-3 mm long) –
emerge in late May/early June) WCR & NCR
Life Cycle
1 generation per year
CRW Life Cycle
Source, S. Wagner, M. Zellner, LFL; JKI
Growing season Planting Harvest
2003 EPA Grants Approval of YGRW and YGPL
in February and October respectively
• Monsanto’s portfolio of corn-rootworm products continue to provide
outstanding performance and grower satisfaction across tens of
millions of acres. In nearly all of these areas, our recommendations
remain the same.
2003 Treatment
Comparisons
0-3 Iowa State Node-Injury
Scale Below (Oleson 1998)
0.01 1.0 2.0 3.0
Less Damage Greater Damage
Background • From the time that we first introduced YieldGard® Corn Rootworm
technologies, Monsanto has been responding to occasional reports of
greater than expected corn rootworm damage to our single-gene CRW
products, with the majority in limited portions of a few states in the
corn-growing area.
2006
NIS = 2.25 RR2/YGPL vs
NIS = 0.75 RR2+Aztec
C-C Cylinder, IA
Background • In 2011, we again worked with farmers to better understand greater
than expected damage in limited geographies with high corn rootworm
populations, and based on that work, we are providing management
recommendations for those areas.
Refuge with Insecticide Genuity® SmartStax®
What factors could cause variability in performance?
Hybrid
Overwinter CRW Survival
2010-2011 Problem Field Studies
ISU 2011 Node Injury Scores by corn traits
2 Locs Northeastern Iowa problem fields (2010)
HXX
VT3
VT3 VT3 SS
2011 ISU Studies
ISU 2011 Western CRW Adult Survival by corn trait
2 Locs Northeastern Iowa problem fields (2010)
VT3
VT3
VT3
HXX SS
2011 ISU Studies
Monsanto Academic Trials at Nashua
and Hopkinton
• 96RM Isoline for all RR2, VT3, and SmartSTAX
• Not part of the protocol, a 105RM Herculex Xtra from
Mycogen
• Shows Node Injury Rating on a Herculex trait when grower
had never planted Herculex Xtra before
1.90
0.30
0.57
2.50
0.33
1.23
0.37
1.25
1.40
0.32
0.43
2.13
0.62 0.64
0.11
0.53
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
VT3 VT3/Aztec VT3/Force RR2 RR2/Aztec RR2/Force Smartstax HXX
Hopkinton Nashua
Node Injury Scale (0-3)
57
11
1
100
3 7 6
17
3 0 0
29
0 0 0 0 0
20
40
60
80
100
120
VT3 VT3/Aztec VT3/Force RR2 RR2/Aztec RR2/Force Smartstax HXX
Hopkinton Nashua
Percent Lodged Plants
188
223 225
195
231
203
220 221
203 201 210
185 182
201 208
231
0
50
100
150
200
250
VT3 VT3/Aztec VT3/Force RR2 RR2/Aztec RR2/Force Smartstax HXX
Hopkinton Nashua
YIELD in Bushels per Acre
Hopkinton Yield vs NIS
188
223 225 195
231
203
220 221
1.90
0.30
0.57
2.50
0.33
1.23
0.37
1.25
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
0
50
100
150
200
Yield NIR HXX-105RM, Rest-96RM
Hopkinton Location NIS
2.50
1.90
1.25
0.37
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
RR2 VT3 HXX Smartstax
Nashua Yield vs NIS
203 201 210
185 182
201 208
231
1.40
0.32 0.43
2.13
0.62 0.64
0.11
0.53
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
0
50
100
150
200
250
VT3 VT3/Aztec VT3/Force RR2 RR2/AztecRR2/Force Smartstax HXX
Yield NIR HXX-105RM, Rest-96RM
Other 2010 Problem Fields with 2011 data
TRUMM Farms NIS with Identified Thresholds
0 0 0.06 0.117 0.008 0.018
0.001 0.001 0.008 0.123 0.005 0.001 0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3
GENSS /W Ins VT3 /W Ins RR2 /W Ins RR2 VT3 GENSS
NIR Rep 1 NIR Rep 2
TRUMM Farms % Root Lodging
3
10
30
70
30
10
3
10
20
35
15
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
GENSS /WIns
VT3 /W Ins RR2 /W Ins RR2 VT3 GENSS
Root Ldg Rep 1 Root Ldg Rep 2
TRUMM Farms Yield
224.7 227.2 232.7
228.5 230.1 221 223.2 223
233.9 231.2 224.9
220.9
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
GENSS /WIns
VT3 /W Ins RR2 /W Ins RR2 VT3 GENSS
Yield Rep 1 Yield Rep 2
Lockhard Farms NIS w/REP Average & Thresholds
0.536
0.108
0.538
0.047 0.008
0.19
0.046
0.857
0.1
0.002 0.008 0.008
0.885
0.093 0.035
0.245
0.054
0.760
0.080
0.015
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
VT3 VT3/W Ins RR2 RR2/W Ins GENSS
NIR Rep 1
NIR Rep 2
NIR Rep 3
NIR Average
.25
Lockhard Farms Yield
190 192
185
200
212
183
193 190
197
206
188
180
188
194
203
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
VT3 VT3 W/Ins RR2 RR2 w/insect. GENSS
Rep1 Rep 2 Rep 3
HOSCH Farms NIS with Thresholds
0.008 0.007 0.008 0.116 0.129
0.002 0.013 0.15
0.248
0.476
0.075 0.001
0.007 0.007 0.058 0.113 0.115
0.015 0
0.25
0.5
0.75
1
1.25
1.5
1.75
2
2.25
2.5
2.75
3
GENSS/W Ins VT3/W Ins RR2/W Ins RR2 VT3 GENSS
NIR Rep 1 NIR Rep 2 NIR Rep 3
HOSCH Farms Yield
218.8 217
199.9 191.4
199.3 193.5
199.2 207.9 205
172
195.4 199.9
0
50
100
150
200
250
GENSS/W Ins VT3/W Ins RR2/W Ins RR2 VT3 GENSS
Yield Rep 1 Yield Rep 2
Conclusions…
•History has shown the CRW species can overcome insecticides or traits
when conditions are favorable
•The Western CRW populations in these fields are extremely high
•More work needs to be performed in these “problem fields” to identify the
true issues
•There appears to be some type of tolerance building in these populations
of Western CRW to the Cry3Bb1 gene and intital data could suggest
tolerance to other single trait MOA providers
•The YEAR effect dictates performance of traits year-to-year
•Putting multiple MOAs together is showing great promise even with a
“so-called” ineffective trait like Cry3Bb1
•The sky is not falling
RECOMMENDATIONS GOING
FORWARD…
2012 Corn Rootworm (CRW) Recommendations
for Growers in High CRW Pressure Areas
• Rotate to a non-host crop • plant soybeans or another crop in order to break the insect population cycle in these local
areas…OR
• Plant Genuity® SmartStax® RIB Complete™
• a two mode-of-action product for CRW; it simplifies refuge management through the RIB
solution; it provides better insect control and ultimately, longer durability of our
technology…OR
• Plant YieldGard VT Triple® or Genuity® VT Triple PRO™ plus
a secondary mode of action
• Soil applied insecticide to control CRW larvae
• Aztec, Force, Counter
• Foliar insecticide application to control CRW larvae
• Very difficult to achieve success—moisture or tillage dependent
• Foliar insecticide application to manage CRW adults—very effective
2012 Corn Rootworm (CRW) Recommendations
for Growers in High CRW Pressure Areas
•Growers with positive experiences with single mode hybrids (VT3 VT3P)
and want to continue using these products
• Soil- & foliar-applied insecticides must be a part of this agronomic system when
high CRW populations exist.
•During the growing season—IPM
• High CRW pressure fields must be scouted for CRW larva feeding
• Understand the %Control with products being used and rescue if necessary
• High CRW pressure fields must be scouted for CRW adults late season
• Understand the emerging adult population,
silk clipping, leaf scarring and rescue if necessary,
and repeat if necessary
High CRW Pressure & Insect Resistance
Management (IRM)
•The importance of refuge compliance—IRM: • The primary purpose of a refuge is to maintain a population of insect
pests that are not exposed to the Bt protein. The lack of exposure to Bt
proteins allows susceptible insects nearby to mate with any rare
resistant insects that may emerge. Susceptibility to Bt technology would
then be passed on to their offspring, helping to preserve the long-term
effectiveness of Bt technologies
•With multiple modes of action in SmartStax® RIB
Complete™ your refuge is always in place
• RIB Complete™ = 95% SmartStax® + 5% Refuge
CRW Management Solutions for the Long Term
• 2012
• Switch crop rotation
• Plant Genuity® SmartStax® RIB Complete™ corn
• Plant YieldGard VT Triple® or Genuity® VT Triple
PRO® + Insecticides
• Future—Monsanto
• Cry3Bb1/RNAi CRW III*
• 2 RNAi +2 Bt genes in a vector stack CRW IV*
• Balance near-term performance and long-term durability
• Continued emphasis on IPM and the of planting the appropriate refuge
* Commercialization is dependent on many factors, including the successful conclusion of the regulatory process.
Summary…
•Mother Nature is still in control
– We sway her actions by the small things we do in our
farming practices and environment does the rest
•Profitability, ethanol / livestock production that demands corn
•These demands drive corn-corn rotations to satisfy the need
•More pressure gets applied to any one practice—traits, insecticide
•We have to be good stewards of the technologies
and agronomic practices at our disposal
Summary (cont.)…
•Don’t let the CRW populations get ahead of you
•Use multiple modes of action for your high pressure
fields
•Maintaining durability of these traits and practices is
the right thing to do
•When using traits, insecticides, rotations, report
problems or concerns to seed company to be
proactive
•The sky is not falling
Thank You