Genve & Acadmie de Grenoble Teachers Programme 06 December 2012 International Masterclasses 2013 Presentation courtesy of: Uta Bilow (Technical University of Dresden) 2 Concept Students are in the position of a scientist Students are guided by a Master (lecturer or PhD student) Students form international collaboration Learn about fundamental subatomic particles and interactions, detectors, accelerators Active investigation: Measurements with real data from scientific experiments (ALICE, ATLAS, CMS) 3 Motivation Make modern particle physics data available to students Let students explore fundamental forces and building blocks of nature Inform students about big questions/potential discoveries in Particle Physics Demonstrate the scientific research process Stimulate interest in science (proven in refereed evaluation Physics Education 42 (2007) ) Topics of fundamental research in science are interesting Results of HEP research are relevant as cultural knowledge of mankind 4 Creating an International Collaboration Video Conference (Int. MC only) 5 Worldwide Participation New countries: Romania Turkey Cyprus Palestine Egypt India 37 countries! Registration (so far) Period: (22 days) (21 in 2012) 158 Masterclasses (143) ALICE: 10 (13) ATLAS W: 50 (42) ATLAS Z: 58 (53) CMS: 40 (35) 36 video conferences with CERN (36), with 2-5 institutes 129 institutes registered (117) + local masterclasses, teachers days + U.S. program talk by Ken 7 Sample Agenda Int. MCs LOCAL TIME:ACTIVITY: 8:30 - 9:00registration & welcome 9: :00introduction to Particle Physics 10: :30second talk or tour 12: :00lunch with tutors 13: :00data analysis, including introduction 15: :00local combination and discussion 16: :00video conference with CERN 8 Learn to identify particles 8 Onion-like detectors Characteristic pattern for each particle type 9 Follow up closely, what the scientists are doing Exploit known Standard Model Processes, e.g. W+/W- ratio corresponding to (uud) quarks in proton Create mass peaks of J/Psi and Z Discover new particles Higgs WW Extra Z Bosons Options to do more than counting Data quality investigations Measurement of distributions in mass, angle etc. Masterclasses with LHC data 10 Students results 1 10 ATLAS W-path measurement W charge asymmetry and structure of proton Measure W + /W - charge ratio Search for Higgs: H WW l l Measure angle between leptons Minerva event displayMinerva Histogram plotting Online spreadsheets EditGridEditGrid 6000 events W-events High-pT electron or muon Missing transverse energy Background (jets, Z, top, ) 250 simulated WW Link to W-path Demonstrator 11 Students results 2 11 ATLAS W-path results W+/W- ratio Proton = uud (+sea of quarks-antiquarks) distribution between leptons in pp WW+X lnln +X pp H+X WW+X lnln +X 12 Students results 1 ATLAS Z-path measurement Invariant mass as a tool to identify known short-lived particles and discover new ones Hypatia event displayHypatia Identify particle and events Select di-lepton events Calculate invariant mass J/, Y, Z (data) and Z (MC) Discussion Mass, width, invariant mass concept Comparison with ATLAS published results real data events 5000 Z-events (High-pT electrons or muons) Other events (DY, W, QCD, J/, Y) 1000 simulated Z(1TeV) ll Link to Z-path Demonstrator 13 ATLAS Z-path results J/Y Z Z Standard Model rediscovery at LHC with invariant mass technique students have (re)discovered the J/, Y and Z the Z signal at 1 TeV is Monte Carlo simulated! 14 CMS measurement Distinguish between Z and W bosons W + /W -, e/ ratios Z-mass Unexpected particles (J/ iSpy online 3D event displayiSpy online 1900 Events: W and Z, Background, Mystery events 2-12 GeV Students sort events by: Lepton flavor (e or ). Candidacy (W or Z). Charge (W+ or W-). Link to CMS measurement 15 ALICE measurement Proton-proton data V 0 finder and cascade finder Recognize from decay pattern K 0 s,, Anti- , Calculate invariant mass Classify according to mass, fill tables & histograms Compare with Monte Carlo: Production of strangeness under-predicted in the MC (agrees with ALICE paper) strangeness enhancement as a telltale signal of Quark Gluon Plasma Link to ALICE measurement 16 ALICE 2012 strange particles Analyze big event sample (2000 events) Invariant mass histograms for K s, , anti- Fit 2 nd degree polynomial to background + Gaussian to peak Get number of K s, , anti- after background subtraction Introduced later Sample with pp events Sample of 1500 PbPb events 17 E-learning Platforms and Tools used ATLAS Minerva (M. Wielers, P. Watkins, T. McLaughlan et al) Hypatia (C. Kourkoumelis et al.) Under construction: Camelia (M. Barnett, J. Pequenao) CMS iSpy online (M. Hategan, K. Cecire et al.) in collaboration with Quarknet (US) www12.i2u2.org/elab/cms/event-display www12.i2u2.org/elab/cms/event-display ALICE ALICE measurement (P. Debski, Y. Foka et al.)solution/MasterClassWebpage.htmlsolution/MasterClassWebpage.html 18 Participation in Int. MCs Growing participation Also more local Masterclasses in the future 19 Refereed evaluation in Physics Education 42 (2007) severity: just right ! success independent of a-priori knowledge and gender ! 2 more scientific evaluations are currently in process! Konrad Jende: ATLAS W-path in Int. MCs Kerstin Gedigk: Netzwerk Teilchenwelt (local MCs in Germany) 20 Most important correlation Understanding the scientific research process generates interest in (especially modern) physics !