GEO-BML

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

1/25

En ineer Research and Develo ment Center

A GeoA GeospatialspatialBattle Management LanguageBattle Management Language

(GeoBML) for Terrain Reasoning(GeoBML) for Terrain Reasoning

Presented to the 11th International Command and ControlResearch and Technology Symposium

Paper I-110

Dr. Michael HiebDr. Mark PullenMartin Kleiner

Center for C4I

George Mason University

Fairfax, Virginia

[email protected]

Michael Powers

Topographic Engineering Center

US Army Engineer Research and

Development Center

Alexandria, Virginia

[email protected]

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

2/25


Outline

Assumptions, Requirements and Challenges Geo-Centric

Force Centric

Net-Centric

Necessary Conditions for Success Architectural Framework

Representational Consistency Battle Management Language Computational

Semantic

Implementing Geospatial Information in a Net-CentricEnterprise Development of Net-Centric Geospatial Services

Focus on Shared Semantics Experimentation with Geospatial Information in a Mission Context

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

3/25


geo-Centric View of Information

Beliefs and Assumptions1. Possesses a ubiquitous quality across C2

Use is often very similar

Stable, sufficient representations is a goal

2. Deserves the same rigor of quality, consistency of representation appliedto other battlefield information

Foundation for shared, common awareness

3a.Terrain and weather are fundamental enabler/constraint to Combatant and non-combatant behavior

Force, system, sensor and soldier performance

3b.Military operations and behaviors are not random Basis for relationships among battlespace entities and actors/actions

Organizing the Battlespace in space, time and tactical intent

4. Value F(x) of geo information: Knowledge > Information > Data Hierarchy of Abstraction

Get out of the data ASAPtoo many reasons to count

Enabling the Commander, Warrior and C2systemsthrough embeddable geospatial information

Enabling the Commander, Warrior and C2systemsthrough embeddable geospatial information

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

4/25


Battle Command Centric(Geospatial Information, Technology)

WMI Services Situation UnderstandingPlanning & Preparation

Battle Command &

Mission Execution

RoleManager

AgentAuthorizer

IntelligentOperatorMonitor

Collaborator

TranslationInterface

Text-Voice,etc)

ReportGenerator

I/O Services

PresentationTailor

PresentationBuilder

PresentationManager

WMIPrimitives

Visualizer

TaskIntegrationNetworkEditor

IntelligentServices

PresentationServices

WMIElementServices

Battle StateAssessor

WeatherService

ObjectRefinement

SituationRefinement

ThreatRefinement

ReadinessMonitor

AssessorServices

FusionProcessRefinement

BattlespaceObjectPriority

Manager

SUToolset

SUPresentation

BSO Understanding

Services

SU Tool Services

AirspacePlanner

PlanAssessor

COAPlanner

Tactical Planning

Objective

Planner

Ground SpacePlanner

Fires & Effects

Planner

SensorPlanner

ManeuverAssessor

CommsNetworkPlanner

Resource Planning

SurvivabilityPlanner

SecurityPlanner

Air DefensePlanner

Planning Analysis Services

TerrainAnalyzer

AARServices

PPS Support Services

RehearsalServices Simulation

IncomingOrder

Processor

Policy Editor

ActionRequester

Command Services

Order, Report

& Authorizer

TaskOrganization

Notification

MannedGroundVehicleRemote

Operation

UnattendedMunitionsControl

UnmannedPayloadsControl

Common Vehicle Control

UAVControl

UGVControl

TacticalControl

AirspaceControl

GroundSpaceControl

UGSControl

Fires &EffectsControl

Embedded

Sustainment

PlatformSoldierMission

ReadinessSystem

MaintenancePlanner

AdministrativeServices

SustainmentInfo Services

Supply &Distribution

Planner

Force HealthProtection

Planner

HumanResourceServicesPlanner

Sustainment

PlanningServices

ThreatMonitorService

SustainmentControlServices

MaintenanceManager

HumanResourceServicesManagerSupply

Manager

DistributionManager

Force HealthProtectionManager

Rear Area

SecurityManager

SoS COE

Interactive / Computational Info ServicesGeo-based Decision Tools

GeoBML and JC3IEDM

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

5/25


Network Centric Challenges

Bandwidth

Design impact on actionable geospatial information products

Minimize the size of all information products

Achieve the best ratio of information value to bandwidth

Minimize the frequency of network transmissions Design a persistent quality into product.responsive to dynamic info

Design information products with the broadest application/recipient set

Computation and Storage

Design impacts

Computational abstraction..develop base information productssupporting a broad range of applications

Build information products with the broadest application / recipientset

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

6/25En ineer Research and Develo ment Center

Network Centric Challenges(Design Constraints)

Potential value of a Net-centric force is theoretically N2 Metcalfs Law

So the bigger the force the better my situational awareness ..right?

There are some assumptions that must be met

1. There is real potential in all transactions

Geo-information product has utility to the functional C4ISR processes of therecipient . automated systems and soldiers

2. All interactions have positive value As a function of value: Knowledge > Information > Data

Maximize OHIO / information should be ready to use

3. N-way interactions create the most value Design geo-information product utility for the broadest set of Battlefield Functional

Areas (BFAs), their systems and processes

4. There will be both dense and sparse islands of interaction

Design for varying organizational topologiesDerived from: Network Centric Warfare, Developing and Leveraging Information Superiority

Alberts, Garstka and Stein, 1999

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Format / Encoding

Architectural Framework(Terrain and Weather)

Format/Encoding Format/EncodingFormat/Encoding Format/Encoding

Representation Representation Information Knowledge

Geographic Context Tactical Context

Exploitation Technology Decision Tools Decision ToolsPhotogrammetry

And SpectralTechnology

Net Centric Enterprise ServicesCommercial Joint Mapping Toolkit

Enterprise GIS Architecture

Situation Understanding

Models Models Models Models

Fusion Level 420 31

C2 Training / Modeling and Simulation

C4ISR Sensor Fusion

Analytic Technologies

BandwidthActionable Information

Situational ContextMission Context

Planning and Preparation

Battle Command/Mission Execution

Tier

1

Tier

2

Tier

3

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Spatial Objects and Representation(Consistent Computational Representation)

Battle Compartment

T0

Spatially Discrete Organization ofthe Battlespace Physical properties of terrain,

organized to stable qualities as

related to: Spatial hierarchy of tactical

employment within the battlescape OCOKA, compartment or a position of

advantage

Positions: Def / Attack , Blocking andBattle; Engagement areas, ambush

Task or Mission (C2IEDM)

Temporal / Relational Objects Movement graphs attributes

Task - to - mission relationships

Wx Effects-mobility & sensors

Every 3 Hrs out to 36 Hrs with 12 Hrupdates (IMETS/BFM)

T+ 3n.

.

Geo-Complex OCOKA

!.

!.

Direct Fire

Positions

!.

!.

MobilityOverwatch

Movement Graph

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Current Spatial Objects for geoBML

Tier 1 Products(Terrain/Military Context)

Natural ObstaclesConcealment

Fields of Fire

Cross Country Movement

Maneuver NetworkMobility Corridors

Chokepoints

Tier 2 products (Mission Context)/Tier 3 products (Planned)

Avenues of approachAssembly Areas

Engagement Areas

Tier 2 Routes

Battle PositionsAttack positions

Axis of Advance

Indirect Fire Firing Position

Assault PositionsAttack by Fire Positions

Drop Zones

Helicopter Landing Zones

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Semantic Consistency(Potential of a Battle Management Language)

Doctrine

Proto

cols

XMLWeb Services/

Grid Services

Formal Language

with Syntax and

Semantics

RepresentationCommand & Control

Information Exchange

Data Model (C2IEDM)

BML

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Why a BML is needed

Its vocabulary is found in FM 1-02, but it lacks clearlydelineated rules governing its use (semantics andsyntax).

It is riddled with ambiguity and overlappingdefinitions.

As such, it is incapable of transitioning to the fullrange of automation that the Army is implementing.

It will not support the integration of advanced

modeling and simulation with digitized commandand control.

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Definition

BML is an unambiguous language used for the command and

control of forces and equipment conducting military operations.

BML is being developed as a standard

representation of digitized C2

information for executable plans, orders,Requests and reports

for military units, for simulated forces, and

for future robotic forces.

SimulationSystems

Robotic

Forces

C2Systems

C2Systems

Semantic Consistency(Potential of a Battle Management Language)

C d d C t l I f ti

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Command and Control InformationExchange Data Model (C2IEDM)

Reporting Data

Object-Item

Capability

Object-Type

Location

Action Reporting Data

Object-Item

CapabilityCapability

Object-TypeObject-Type

Location

Action

OBJECT-TYPE OBJECT-ITEM

ORGANIZATION -TYPE

MATERIAL-TYPE

PERSON -TYPE

FACILITY-TYPE

FEATURE-TYPE

ORGANIZATION

MATERIAL

PERSON

FACILITY

FEATURE

OBJECT-TYPE OBJECT-ITEM

ORGANIZATION -TYPE

MATERIAL-TYPE

PERSON -TYPE

FACILITY-TYPE

FEATURE-TYPE

ORGANIZATION

MATERIAL

PERSON

FACILITY

FEATURE

Provides Core C2

Semantics

Comprehensive

Very well

documented Tables

Attributes

RelationsAllows for Extension

7/30/2019 GEO-BML


Development of Formal Grammars to SupportCoalition Command and Control:

A Battle Management Language for

Orders, Requests and Reports

Dr. Michael Hieb

George Mason University

US

[email protected]

Dr. Ulrich Schade

FGAN-FKIE

GERMANY

[email protected]

Presented to the 11th International Command and Control

Research and Technology SymposiumPaper I-069

Semantic Consistency

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

15/25


geoBML is an Unambiguous Language

Both domain specific and cross-cutting

Defined by the role of actionable

geo-information in the C2

Provides Unificationacross Doctrine and terms

Explicit vocabulary and grammar

Specific context mapped to operations, missionsand tasks

Explicit Representation Consistent extension to the C2IEDM

Standard framework and exchange model

Computational structure

Both necessary and sufficient for

shared, common understanding

Protocols Explicit structure for transmission / sharing

Geo-Environmental Extension toCommand & Control Information

ExchangeData Model (C2IEDM / JC3IEDM)

Explicit Computational Representation

For Actionable GeospatialInformation

XMLWeb ServiceGrid Services

Terrain, Weatherand Military Eng

Terms

Doctri

ne

Representation

Proto

colsgeoBML

Semantic Consistency(geospatial Battle Management Language (geoBML))

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

16/25


Evolving a geoBML

Assumptions

1. Cohesive Formations occur to execute a tactical

task or mission creating a situation

2. Grouping of objects. So there are subordinate

forces (children) forces comprising the Force (target)

3. Cohesive Formation and tasks argue that there areoperational relationships required for the task (e.g.fire: complimenting angles and range fans)

4. Possible that there is parent to the target force

(F (+))

Situation F (+)

F (+)

F (T)

F (-)

Table of Organization

and Equipment

(TO&E)

Physical Account of the ForceVehicle Type and Count# of units

Spacing

Weapons

Relationships

Situation F (-)

Situation F (T) Syntax and Semantics

1. Understand the elements and qualities of the

force being evaluated

Possible Tasks, Activities and Missions C2IEDM

2. Field Manuals

TO&E, Physical Conditions and Behaviors

Universal Joint Task List (UJTL)

Language of Command Battlefield Operating Systems (BOS)

Tactical Tasks and Missions

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

17/25


Evolving a geoBML

What Dynamics Impact the Representation

1. Weather

2. Other Battlefield information

3. Persistence of Operational Value

Situation F (+)

F (+)

F (T)

F (-)

Table of Organization

and Equipment

(TO&E)

Physical Account of the ForceVehicle Type and Count# of units

Spacing

Weapons

Relationships

Situation F (-)

Situation F (T)

Computation Constraints

1. Data and Information Dependencies

Product Generation Time Sensitivity

Computational Time Allowed

1 Time, Intervals or at Run Time

Sensitivity to locally held data

C2IEDM Implementation of

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

18/25


C2IEDM Implementation ofSpatial Objects

object-item

object-item-id

category-code

name

alternate-identification-text

symbol-code

object-item-typeobject-item-id

object-type-id

object-item-type-index

reporting-data-id

object-type

object-type-id

category-code

dummy-indicator-code

name

object-item-category-code

object-type-category-code

feature

feature-id

category-code

control-feature

control-feature-idcategory-code

feature-type

feature-type-id

category-code

control-feature-type

control-feature-type-id

category-code

spatial-object

spatial-object-id

Key

Currently Exists in C2IEDM

BML additions

Additions to capture SOs

feature-category-code

control-feature-category-code

feature-type-category-code

An OBJECT-TYPE thatencompasses

meteorological,geographic, and control

features of military

significance.

An individuallyidentified class ofobjects that has

militarysignificance.

A nontangible FEATURE-TYPE of military interest that

may be represented as ageometric figure and is

associated with the conductof military operations.

A nontangible FEATURE ofmilitary interest that is

administratively specified, maybe represented by a geometricfigure, and is associated with

the conduct of militaryoperations.

An OBJECT-ITEM that

encompasses meteorological,geographic, and control

features of military significance.

An individuallyidentified object that

has militarysignificance. A record of the perceived

condition of a specificOBJECT-ITEM as a

specific OBJECT-TYPE

C2IEDM Implementation

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

19/25


object-item-location

object-item-idlocation-id

accuracy-quantity

bearing-angle

speed-rate

speed-accuracy-rate

use-category-code

reporting-id

status-code

C2IEDM Implementation

spatial-object

spatial-object-id

category-code

access-to-objective-area

area-of-interest (object item id)

concealment

direction-of-attack

effected-control-measure (action effect item)

engagement-area (object item id)

exclusion

friendly-maneuver-plan (action functional association index)

geometry

location (location id)

LOS-to-objective-area

maneuver-graph

mobility-network

objective-area (action objective item)

observation-field-of-fire

orientation

reference-id

size (unit type size code)

type-solver

unit-type (unit type echelon code)

vehicle-type (equipment type)weapon-type (equipment type)

weighted-cost

object-item-association

subject-object-item-id

object-object-item-id

object-item-association-index

category-code

subcategory-codetask-id

spatial-object-status

spatial-object-status-id

object-item-status-index

Etc.

object-item-status

object-item-id

object-item-status-ix

category-code

hostility-code

booby-trap-indicator-code

emission-control-code

reporting-data-id

control-feature-status

control-feature-status-id

object-item-status-index

investigation-status-code

mine-presence-code

recirculation-indicator-code

surface-condition-code

surface-firmness-code

control-feature-status-category-code

(Spatial Objects defined)

location

location-id

location-category-code

Key

Currently Exists in C2IEDM

BML additions

Additions to capture SOs

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

20/25


SO Product Usage

Division7 Step MDMP

Bde

7 Step MDMP

Bn TF7 Step MDMP

Tier 2 SOs

Tier 2 SOs

Tier 2 SOs

Tier 1 Products

Tier 3 SOs

Tier 3 SOs

Tier 3 SOsMDMP Military Decision Making Process

Demonstration Architecture

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

21/25


Demonstration Architecture(Proof of Concept)

geoBML

C2IEDM

Commanders

SupportEnvironment

Battlespace

TerrainReasoning &

Analysis

System

BML

GUI

Web Service Interface

Route

Planner

OTBTasks

Graphics

Units

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

22/25


Example Spatial Objects

Enemy Situation(Tier 2 Engagement Areas)

Courses of Action(Tier 2 Routes)

Digital Plan / OPORDER(geoBML)

Simulation

C2 System

Wh t thi f C liti

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

23/25


What this can mean for a Coalition

MIP Services Layer C/JMTK

MIPDEM

BML

A Common Operational Picture

C2 Business

Logic

Other Business

Logics

GML

Web Services

HLA / DIS

Web Services

HLA / DIS

Operational DBsGeodatabaseJC3IEDM

US Systems Coalition

Systems

Embedded

Simulation

COTS / NGA / CJMTK

geoBML

MIP / COTS / DoD

P i l BML P f li

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

24/25


Partial BML Portfolio

Growing community of investment Shared belief that BML is a necessary component of Net-Centric Operations

Challenges

Technological infrastructure enabling distributed, multi-national developmentand extension of BML Operational Domains and specific requirements of National entities

Capability to maintain the integrity of the JC3IEDM

Specification Ground Air Naval Implementation Software Services International

Coalition BML X X X X X X

NATO-WG X X X

JBML X X X X X X

geoBML X X X

XBML X X X X

Army BML X X

AO BML X X

MIP/JC3IEDM X X X X X

S

7/30/2019 GEO-BML

25/25


Summary

Network-Centric Operations require a change in paradigm for the

employment of actionable geospatial information

Digital Maps are not enough

Move beyond concepts of maps as the wallpaper of the COP

Actionable geo-information and decision tools need to empower C2 activities

at the appropriate level of semantic and syntax representation

BML / geoBML is a formalization of C2 Information and representation

Allows Commanders to access the right environmental information to accomplish

their intent

Spatial Objects forming geoBML will enable reasoning to adapt to both

changed missions and a variety of terrain and environmental data

Geospatial information and implementation concepts have achieved a

state of maturity that merits inclusion in the Net-Centric Enterprise

Carry the right battlespace knowledgeyou carry the day

Date post:	04-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	martin-schweighart-moya
View:	226 times
Download:	0 times

GEO-BML

Documents