Geographic and GISGeographic and GIS Research at the National Cancer

I tit t d B dInstitute and Beyond

Dr. Robert Croyle, DirectorDivision of Cancer Control and Population Sciences

About The Division of Cancer Control & SPopulation Sciences

Support and conduct research in epidemiology, surveillance, social and behavioral science health services disparitiesand behavioral science, health services, disparities, implementation, and survivorship.

$454 million total grant dollars awarded in 2011$454 million total grant dollars awarded in 2011

Additional investment in monitoring, methods, and research resources

How Can Geospatial Approaches Ad H lth?Advance Health?

•Incidence and mortality burden

•Expand and improve measures of exposure

•Identify health disparities

•Motivate, and evaluate policy Interventions

•Enhance communication of data

•Generate and test hypotheses concerning cancer control yp g

services and programs

The Landscape of NCI Contributions to G ti l R h T l d RGeospatial Research, Tools, and Resources

Cancer Mapping

Grant Funding

Geospatial Data DevelopmentCancer Mapping Geospatial Data Development

Spatial Statistics Data VisualizationSpatial Statistics

Measurement ToolsT di i li S i

Spatial Analysis and Modeling Pattern Analysis

Measurement ToolsTransdisciplinary Science

Selected NCI Geospatial Activities

Data, Analysis and Measurement Resources• NCCOR Catalogue of Surveillance Systems and Measures Registry (http://www.nccor.org/)• C L A S S - Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (http://class cancer gov/)• C.L.A.S.S. - Classification of Laws Associated with School Students (http://class.cancer.gov/)• Measures of the Food Environment (https://riskfactor.cancer.gov/mfe/)• Small Area Estimates (http://sae.cancer.gov/)• Software (http://surveillance.cancer.gov/software/spatial.html)• State Cancer Profiles (http://statecancerprofiles.cancer.gov/)• Diverse Resources (http://gis.cancer.gov/)

Funding/Research Activities• TREC -Transdisciplinary Research Energetics and Cancer (http://www.trecscience.org/)• GEI - Genes, Environment and Health Initiative (http://riskfactor.cancer.gov/diet/gei/)• Spatial Uncertainty: Data, Modeling, and Communication (R01) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-

files/PA-11-238.html)• Diet & Physical Activity Assessment (R01) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-09-224.html) • Obesity Policy Research - Evaluation and Measures (R01) (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-

files/PA-10-027.html)• Geographic and Contextual Influences on Energy Balance-Related Health BehaviorsGeographic and Contextual Influences on Energy Balance Related Health Behaviors

(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PA-08-192.html) – Expired 9/8/2011

An Influential Investment in Geographic Analysis of C M t lit /U d t i PCancer Mortality – w/Updates in Progress

http://ratecalc.cancer.gov/p g

Spatial Data Analysis and Visualization for CCancer Research

Weighted Nonparametric Smoothingg p g

Cluster Detection w/Spatial ScansConditioned Chloropleth Maps

More Methods and Tools

• Space-time path tool– Mei-Po Kwan, OSU

• WebDMap http://www.webdmap.com/• WebDMap– Gerry Rushton

St t t k di t l l t• Street network distance calculator– Jon Wilson, Dan Goldberg, USC

• Image processing tool– SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research)( )– Geoffrey Jacquez, BioMedware

Spatial Modeling and Visualization for Tobacco Control

1990

2000

2005

50%

60%

70%

Work

R t t

Percentage of US Counties covered by the Smoke-free laws, 1990 -2010

201020%

30%

40%Restaurant

Bar

0%

10%

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

Spatial Data Layers Concerning Cancer Risk F t

Census tract SES data

Factors

Exposure (UV, toxins, pollution)

S ll iSmall area estimates

Community Health Status

Urban sprawl index

Screening frequency

SEP Index

Smoking prevalence

Built environment

User Friendly Interfaces for Spatial DataSEER GIS DashboardsSEER GeoViewer

NCI*SEER GeoPlatform – Promoting Geospatial Thinking and Science across NIH

Obesity

Obesity Atlas SEER CanMap Animator2000Both Female Male

2000 2005 20102005

2010

2000 2005 2010

Adult Poverty

Access to GroceryNo Physical Activity

Preschool

Access to GroceryNo Physical Activity

Obesity

Methods Validation – 1) Comparing Images to Audits

Sidewalk characteristics

Shoulder characteristics

Google Streetview

Quality of environment

it D

omai

n New Images

Public transportation

Street characteristics

Aud

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Land use

0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00

Agreement with Field Audits (Kappa)

Wilson et al. 2012 AJPM

Methods Validation– 2) Disposition of Food Outlets from an 8 County Field Census8-County Field Census

D t S # f O tl t Li t d L t d F d b t N t Li t dData Source # of Outlets Listed Located Found but Not Listed(%)

SC Dept. of Health 1694 89.2 696p

Dun and Bradstreet 1573 77.7 985

InfoUSA INC 1657 86 5 774InfoUSA INC. 1657 86.5 774

Liese et al. 2010 AJENCI R21CA132133

PI K i P t i k UCSD

GEI Funded Physical Activity Location Measurement System (PALMS)PI: Kevin Patrick, UCSD

• Aim– To develop a web-based suite of

hardware and software to facilitate research that measures PA and geographic location in time and space

• Status H t t l t GPS d ti i t ti f ti– Heart rate, accelerometer, GPS, and participant satisfaction data collected for proof-of-concept study

– Algorithms to identify types of activities validatedV lid ti i it b d PA i t ti t i l– Validation in a community-based PA intervention trial among Latinos in San Diego on-going

• Dissemination– 61 users in 9 countries; held 2 user group meetings

Measurement and Surveillance Resources

Topical Workshops and Supplements

GIS Infrastructure Workshop 2011

OppNet funded series of three scientific symposia to examine innovativesymposia to examine innovative

developments in the fields of geography and GIScience.

A History of Support for Diverse Transdisciplinary Activities With Significant Geospatial Components

Genes and Environment Geographic, Contextual and

InitiativeNCI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIEHS

Policy Related Funding Opportunity Announcements

Awards from a Recent Program Announcement Geographic and Contextual Influences on Energy Balance-Related

Health Behaviors (PA-08-192)

NCI

N. Colabianchi Effects of the Built Environment, Crime & Food Prices on BMI, Activity & Eating(SC, Michigan) (Moving To Opportunity Study)

M. Wen Neighborhood Built and Social Environment and Physical Activity and WeightM. Wen Neighborhood Built and Social Environment and Physical Activity and Weight (Utah) Status (NHANES)

R. Scribner Community Influences on NHANES Diet and Physical Activity (NHANES) (LSU)

I Cheng Obesogenic Environment: Impact on Breast, Colorectal, and Prostate Cancer (UH Manoa) Risk (Multiethnic Cohort)

NHLBINHLBI

S. Babey Longitudinal Associations of Neighborhood Environment with Obesity and (UCLA) Health (Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey ) - Funded by NHLBI

Current Funding OpportunitiesCurrent Funding Opportunities

• School Nutrition and Physical Activity Policies, Obesogenic Behaviors and

Weight Outcomes (R01, R21, R03)

• Obesity Policy Research: Evaluation and Measures (R01, R21,R03)

• Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment (R01, R21)Improving Diet and Physical Activity Assessment (R01, R21)

• Spatial Uncertainty: Data, Modeling, and Communication (R01, R21, R03)

• NCI Exploratory/Developmental Research Grant Program (NCI Omnibus R21)

• NCI Small Grants Program for Cancer Research (NCI Omnibus R03)

(http://dccps.nci.nih.gov/funding.html)

FDA regulation of tobacco products: Opportunities f G hi d GIS R hfor Geographic and GIS Research

• What is the impact of health warnings on quit attempts and cessation among vulnerable populations?

• How do tobacco control brands and branding designed to promote health impact tobacco initiation and use, particularly among vulnerable populations; and how can these impacts best b d?be measured?

• What is the impact of tobacco industry marketing through social media campaigns and other non-traditional communication strategies on tobacco use behavior among vulnerable populations?populations?

• What is the impact of price promotions (including free samples and discounted products) on consumer behavior for various tobacco products, including the impact on non-users starting to use and on individuals in various stages of quitting or contemplating quitting?use, and on individuals in various stages of quitting or contemplating quitting?

• What are the best methods and models for estimating the magnitude and breadth of illicit trade activities related to tobacco products?

http://cancercontrol.cancer.gov/nih-fda/

The Future of Geospatial Research at DCCPSp

•A strong commitment to the best possible cancer statisticsA strong commitment to the best possible cancer statistics

•A focus on improving measurement methods

•A growing interest in data visualization for research and health communication

•Significant involvement in mobile health technologies and their roles in cancer control and behavioral researchcancer control and behavioral research

•Recognition of the need to better integrate geospatial thinking into research on cancer, chronic disease, health behavior, and health servicesservices