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Geographic Characteristics of Nations
Ch. 15: Nations, Borders, & Power
Political RegionAn area that is run
by a government
◦Has its own laws. ◦Has different
levels of government A.K.A. political
unit
United States
Texas
Brownsville
Cameron County
Rancho Viejo
Local Governme
nt
Sovereign Government:A State that has the power to
govern their own internal & external affairs◦Tax system◦Laws◦Political structure◦Foreign policy
State: state:A sovereign
political entity. ◦Ex. United States
◦A territory with that has some sovereignty
◦Not independent Ex. Texas
Mini-Quick Write #1 (2 min)Which kind of State/state has a
truly sovereign government and why? Explain your answer.
Must write at least 2 sentences
NATION: NATION-STATE:A community of
people who share a common culture
Has NO physical TERRITORY◦ EX: Kurds (Middle East)
A politically independent country
Citizens also share a common culture
Territory:Land controlled by a
government or country ◦ Has a separate government
Ex. United States and Puerto Rico
Borders, Boundaries, & Buffer Zones:
Boundary = border◦ Line that divides one
area from another
Can be divided into;◦ Natural boundaries◦ Artificial boundaries
A Buffer zone is a neutral territory
Meant to prevent conflict
Mini -Quick-write #2 :What kind of state or nation would not have
borders/boundaries and why? (2 sentences)
Natural Boundaries:Occurs when physical features
separate countries◦ Ex. Rivers and Mountains
Artificial Boundaries:Types of Boundaries;1. GEOMETRIC- Man-made, uses longitude and
latitude◦ EX: 49°N Latitude line separates
Canada & U.S.
2. ETHNOGRAPHIC/CULTURAL – based on factors like culture and ethnicity
◦ *Hard to establish/define*◦ Ex: Conference of Berlin Dividing
Africa in 1884
Artificial Boundaries:
Political Maps:These maps show:
◦Boundaries/borders between countries
◦Locations of cities and capitals◦States/provinces and counties
Boundary Disputes:
Ethnic Conflicts: Religious Conflicts:Occurs when violent
acts are committed between ethnic groups
Ethnic cleansing/Genocide◦ EX: Rwanda, Kosovo &
Sudan
Occurs when there is violence between different religious groups
◦ Ex. Conflict between India (Hindu) & Pakistan (Muslim) over Kashmir
Agenda for April15, 2015Students will get their binders and take
out their spirals to write in
Students will finish viewing the Geographic Characteristics of Nations PPT
Students will complete the Geographic Characteristics Graphic Organizer (15 min)
Students will complete the Borders and Boundaries map (15-20 min)
Graphic Organizer/Quickwrite (15 min)Geographic Characteristics Graphic Organizer
◦ Write the appropriate term above the boxes◦ Write a brief description and one example for each
term in the boxes
Complete the Quickwrite on the back of the organizer
Must answer BOTH prompts◦ Must be paragraph Format◦ At least 4 sentences (both prompts altogether) ◦ Finish it by the end of the period – will be picked
up for a grad
Borders and Boundaries Map (15-20 min)
Students must label the10 countries listed below on the map
Students must then label the natural boundaries in these countries ◦Mountains, Rivers, Deserts, Oceans,
and SeasMake a map legend for the boundaries
◦colors and symbolsAnswer the short Quickwrite on the
back __Countries___
Peru France China Japan United States
Mexico Italy India Algeria Canada
Example
BALKANIZATION- ANNEXATION-Breakup of an area
into smaller independent units ◦ Hostile process
◦ EX: Yugoslavia
Adding territory to an already existing State◦ Ex: Texas joining the U.S.
3 Geographic Characteristics:
Size: how big a country is in comparison to others.
Shape: can impact how easily it can be governed, how goods are moved to all areas of the country, & how it relates to neighboring countries
Location: a landlocked country is surrounded by other land & has no direct outlet to the sea.
SIZE:
Microstates-
Small in area &
population
Ministates-
City-states
Size of Countries:
San Marino
Vatican City
SHAPE:
The 5 Shapes of Countries:
Compact Elongated
Fragmented
Perforated
Prorupted
LOCATION:
LANDLOCKED
NOT LANDLOCKED
Rwandan Genocide:The 1994 mass
murder of an estimated 800,000 people in the small East African nation of Rwanda.
Over the course of approximately 100 days
Rwanda’s population of seven million was composed of three ethnic groups: ◦ Hutu (85%) ◦ Tutsi (14%) ◦ Twa (1%)
The Hutu remembered past years of oppressive Tutsi rule, and many of them not only resented but also feared the minority.
Ethnic Cleansing:In the early 1990s,
Yugoslavia broke up into 5 separate republics- ◦ Ethnic groups began
fighting◦ Serbian leaders
followed a policy of ethnic cleansing; Expulsion or killing of
an ethnic group
Expelled rival ethnic groups from:◦ Serb-controlled
areas of Bosnia◦ Herzegovina◦ province of Kosovo
Became refugees-◦ People who escape
to a foreign country for safety.
International Relations & the “Balance of
Power”
Balance of Power: Policy of a nation
or group of nations
Protecting itself against another nation or group of nations
By matching its power against the power of the other side
States can pursue a policy of balance of power in two ways: ◦ Increasing their
own power◦ competitive
acquisition of territory
◦ policy of alliances
Factors that Influence how much Power an Individual Nation Possesses:
Size
• Armed Forces
Population
• Physical Features
Top 15 Powerful Countries2012
Political Organization of Space:
EMBASSIES-
Consulates
Ambassadors
International Organizations:United NationsEuropean Union