evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY

(Geographical Description of Bangladesh)

f‚wgKv

†fŠ‡MvwjK w`K †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| `wÿY Gwkqvi GKwU ¯vaxb I mve©‡fŠg ivóª

evsjv‡`k| †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb, ˆewPΨgq f‚-cÖK…wZ, b`-b`x Ges `wÿ‡Yi we¯Í…Z e‡½vcmvM‡ii mvgyw`ªK m¤ú‡`i

fvÛvi G‡`k‡K mg„× K‡i‡Q| GQvov G‡`‡ki Rjevqy we‡kl ˆewkó¨c~Y©| GLvbKvi Rjevqy‡Z FZzwfwËK

ZvcgvÎv, evqycÖevn Ges e„wócv‡Zi wfbœZv FZz‰ewPΨZv `vb K‡i‡Q| GB BDwb‡U Avgiv evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK

Ae¯’vb, f‚-cÖK…wZ, b`-b`x, Rjevqy cÖf…wZ Av‡jvPbv Kie|

BDwbU mgvwßi mgq BDwbU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P mgq 2 mßvn

GB BDwb‡Ui cvVmg~n

cvV 9.1 : evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae ’vb I f‚-cÖK…wZ

cvV 9.2 : evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x

cvV 9.3 : evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨

cvV 9.4 : evsjv‡`‡ki FZzwfwËK ZvcgvÎv, evqycÖevn I e„wócvZ

cvV 9.5 : †gŠmywg Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨ Ges Kvj‰ekvLx So

BDwbU

9

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 147

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I f‚-cÖK…wZ

(Geographical Location and Physiography of Bangladesh)

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb;

Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvomg~n m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

cøvB‡÷vwmb Kv‡ji †mvcvbmg~‡ni Ae¯’vb ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

mv¤úªwZK Kv‡ji cøveb mgf‚wg eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã

†fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb, f‚-cÖK…wZ, Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvo, cøvB‡÷vwmb-

Kv‡ji †mvcvb, mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf‚wg|

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb

evsjv‡`k †fŠ‡MvwjKfv‡e AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q| Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki `wÿY-c~e© w`‡K

evsjv‡`k Aew¯’Z| G‡`k cÖvq 2034' DËi †_‡K 2638' DËi Aÿvsk Ges 8801' c~e© †_‡K 9241' c~e©

`ªvwNgvsk ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z| evsjv‡`‡ki gvS eivei c~e©-cwð‡g KK©UµvwšÍ †iLv AwZµg K‡i‡Q| d‡j G‡`k µvšÍxq

A‡ji AšÍf©y³|

1971 mv‡j gnvb gyw³hy‡×i gva¨‡g ¯vaxbZvcÖvß evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’jfvM fviZ I wgqvbgvi Øviv †ewóZ| cwð‡g

fvi‡Zi cwðge½, Dˇi cwðge‡½i RjcvB¸wo I KzPwenvi †Rjv Ges Avmvg I †gNvjq, c~‡e© Avmvg I wÎcyiv

ivR¨ Ges wgqvbgvi Aew¯’Z| Avi `wÿ‡Y i‡q‡Q we¯Í…Z e‡½vcmvMi| f‚-ivR‰bwZK Kvi‡Y `wÿY Gwkqv, `wÿY-

c~e© Gwkqv Ges `wÿY-cwðg Gwkqvq evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©|

evsjv‡`‡ki f‚-LÛMZ we¯Í…wZ ev AvqZb 1,47,570 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| c~e© †_‡K cwð‡g evsjv‡`‡ki we¯Í…wZ cÖvq

440 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges DËi I DËi-cwðg †_‡K `wÿY I `wÿY-c~‡e© m‡e©v”P we¯Í…wZ 760 wK‡jvwgUvi| G‡`‡ki

†gvU mxgv‡iLv 4,712 wK‡jvwgUvi| Gi g‡a¨ fvi‡Zi mv‡_ 3,715 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges wgqvbgv‡ii mv‡_ 281

wK‡jvwgUvi Ges `wÿ‡Y Aew¯’Z e‡½vcmvM‡ii ZU‡iLvi ˆ`N© 716 wK‡jvwgUvi| evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿ‡Y ivR‰bwZK

mgy`ªmxgv 12 bwUK¨vj gvBj ev 22.22 wK‡jvwgUvi Ges A_©‰bwZK mgy`ªmxgv 200 bwUK¨vj gvBj ev 370.40

wK‡jvwgUvi (1 bwUK¨vj gvBj = 1.852 wK‡jvwgUvi)|

f‚-cÖK…wZ (Physiography)

evsjv‡`k c„w_exi Ab¨Zg e„nËg e-Øxc| G‡`‡ki f‚-LÛ DËi w`K †_‡K `wÿY w`‡K µgk Xvjy n‡q we¯Í…Z|

DËi-c~e© Ges `wÿY-c~e© w`‡Ki cvnvwo Ask e¨ZxZ mgMÖ †`k b`xwe‡aŠZ cjj Øviv MwVZ mgf‚wg| GB cj‡ji

cyiæZ¡ cÖvq 18-22 wK‡jvwgUvi|

f‚-cÖK…wZi wfbœZvi Dci wfwË K‡i evsjv‡`‡ki f‚-cÖK…wZ‡K wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq (wPÎ- 9.1.1)| h_v-

1| Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvomg~n

2| cøvB‡÷vwmbKv‡ji †mvcvbmg~n Ges

3| mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf‚wg|

1| Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvomg~n : Uviwkqvwi hy‡M wngvjq ce©Z DwÌZ nIqvi mgq †h mKj ce©‡Zi m„wó n‡q‡Q

†m¸‡jv Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvo bv‡g cwiwPZ| AvR †_‡K cÖvq 20 jÿ eQi c~‡e©i mgq‡K Uviwkqvwi hyM ejv

cvV-9.1

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 148 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

nq| ivOvgvwU, ev›`ievb, LvMovQwo, PÆMÖvg, wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi Ges nweM‡Äi cvnvo¸‡jv Uviwkqvwi

hy‡Mi| G cvnvo¸‡jv‡K Avmv‡gi jymvB Ges wgqvbgv‡ii AvivKvb cvnv‡oi mg‡MvÎxq e‡j aviYv Kiv nq|

Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvomg~n †e‡jcv_i, †kj I K`©g Øviv MwVZ| Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvomg~n‡K `yBfv‡M fvM

Kiv n‡q‡Q| h_v-

K. `wÿY c~e©v‡ji cvnvomg~n Ges

L. DËi I DËi-c~e©v‡ji cvnvomg~n

K. `wÿY-c~e©v‡ji cvnvomg~n : ivOvgvwU, ev›`ievb, LvMovQwo Ges K·evRvi I PÆMÖvg †Rjvi c~e©vsk G

A‡ji AšÍf©y³| `wÿY-c~e©v‡ji G cvnvo¸‡jvi Mo D”PZv 610 wgUvi| Z‡e cwðg †_‡K c~e©w`‡K

cvnvo¸‡jvi D”PZv µgk †ewk| mv¤úªwZKKv‡j Avwe¯‹„Z ZvwRb Ws (weRq) ce©Zk„½wU †`‡ki m‡e©v”P

ce©Zk„½ hvi D”PZv 1,231 wgUvi| GwU Avwe¯‹…Z nIqvi c~e© ch©šÍ m‡e©v”P k„½ wQj wKIµvWs| Gi D”PZv

1,230 wgUvi| G A‡ji cvnvomg~n K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ Dc‡hvMx bq| Z‡e ¯’vbxq AwaevmxMY mxwgZ cwim‡i

Ryg c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` K‡i _v‡Kb|

wPÎ 9.1.1 : evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZ

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 149

L. DËi I DËi-c~e©v‡ji cvnvomg~n : gqgbwmsn I †b·Kvbv †Rjvi DËivsk, wm‡jU †Rjvi DËi I DËi-

c~e©vsk Ges †gŠjfxevRvi I nweMÄ †Rjvi `wÿ‡Yi cvnvo¸‡jv G A‡ji AšÍf©y³| GLvbKvi cvnvo¸‡jvi Mo

D”PZv 244 wgUv‡ii †ewk bq| Dˇii cvnvo¸‡jv ’vbxqfv‡e wUjv bv‡g cwiwPZ| G¸‡jvi D”PZv 30 †_‡K 90

wgUvi| G cve©Z¨ A‡j AwaK e„wócvZ nIqvq cvnv‡oi Xv‡j cÖPzi Pv Drcbœ nq|

2| cøvB‡÷vwmbKv‡ji †mvcvbmg~n : AvR †_‡K AvbygvwbK cÖvq 25,000 eQi c~‡e©i mgq‡K cøvB‡÷vwmbKvj

e‡j| G A‡ji gvwUi is jvj I a~mi| †`‡ki DËi-cwðgvs‡ki e‡i›`ªf‚wg, ga¨fv‡Mi gaycyi I fvIqv‡ji

Mo Ges Kzwgjøv †Rjvi jvjgvB cvnvo ev D”Pf‚wg Gi AšÍf©y³| cøvB‡÷vwmbKv‡j Gme D”Pf‚wg MwVZ n‡qwQj

e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| wb‡¤œ Gme D”Pf‚wg eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|

K) e‡i›`ªf‚wg : e‡i›`ªf‚wg ivRkvnx wefv‡Mi bIMuv, ivRkvnx, e¸ov, RqcyinvU Ges iscyi wefv‡Mi MvBevÜv,

iscyi I w`bvRcyi †Rjvi Askwe‡kl wb‡q MwVZ| Gi AvqZb 9,320 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| cøveb mgf‚wg †_‡K Gi

D”PZv 6 †_‡K 12 wgUvi| GwU cøvB‡÷vwmb hy‡Mi me©e„nr DuPzf‚wg| eZ©gv‡b e‡i›`ª eûgyLx †mP cÖKí Ges

AvaywbK K…wl cÖhyw³ e¨envi K‡i G AÂjwU‡K K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ we‡kl Dc‡hvMx Kiv n‡q‡Q|

L) gaycyi I fvIqv‡ji Mo : Uv½vBj I gqgbwmsn †Rjvi gaycyi Ges MvRxcyi †Rjvi fvIqv‡ji Mo wb‡q

GjvKvwU MwVZ| GwU cøvB‡÷vwmb hy‡Mi wØZxq e„nËg DuPyf‚wg| mgf~wg †_‡K Gi Mo D”PZv cÖvq 30 wgUvi

Ges AvqZb 4,103 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| GLvbKvi g„wËKv K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ †Zgb Dc‡hvMx bq| GwU †`‡ki MRvix

e„‡ÿi †K›`ª wnmve cwiwPZ|

M) jvjgvB cvnvo : Kzwgjøv kni †_‡K 8 wK‡jvwgUvi cwð‡g jvjgvB †_‡K gqbvgwZ ch©šÍ G cvnvowU we¯Í…Z|

Gi AvqZb cÖvq 34 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Ges Mo D”PZv 21 wgUvi| G cvnv‡oi gvwU jvj Ges bywo, evwj BZ¨vw`

Øviv MwVZ|

3| mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf‚wg : Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvo Ges cøvB‡÷vwmbKv‡ji †mvcvbmg~n e¨ZxZ mgMÖ †`k

mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cwj Øviv MwVZ GK we¯ÍxY© mgf‚wg| GB cøveb mgf~wgi eqm 12,000 eQ‡ii Kg| cÙv,

†gNbv, hgybv cÖf…wZ cÖavb b`xmn AmsL¨ Dcb`x Ges kvLvb`x Rv‡ji b¨vq mgMÖ †`‡k Qwo‡q i‡q‡Q|

b`x¸‡jv mgZj f‚wgi Ici w`‡q cÖevwnZ nIqvq cÖvq cÖwZ eQi eb¨vi m„wó nq| gv‡S gv‡S eb¨v fqven iƒc

aviY K‡i| eb¨vi m‡½ evwnZ cwjgvwU mwÂZ n‡q †`‡ki we¯ÍxY© GjvKvq GB cøveb mgf‚wg m„wó n‡q‡Q| G

cøveb mgf‚wgi AvqZb cÖvq 1,24,266 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| we¯ÍxY© G A‡ji gvwU LyeB De©i Ges Avev`x|

mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf‚wg †`‡ki DËivsk †_‡K µ‡gB Xvjy n‡q `wÿ‡Y cÖvq mgy`ªª mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z| mgy`ª

mgZj †_‡K w`bvRcy‡ii D”PZv 37.50 wgUvi, e¸ovi D”PZv 20 wgUvi, gqgbwms‡ni D”PZv 18 wgUvi,

bvivqYMÄ I h‡kv‡ii D”PZv 8 wgUvi Ges my›`ieb cÖvq mgy`ª mgZ‡j Aew¯’Z|

G A‡ji Ab¨Zg ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ˆewkó¨ n‡jv wewÿßfv‡e Qwo‡q _vKv AmsL¨ Rjvf‚wg I wb¤œf‚wg| ¯’vbxqfv‡e

G¸‡jv‡K wej, wSj I nvIo e‡j| ivRkvnx A‡ji Pjbwej, XvKvi Avwoqvj wej, †MvcvjM‡Äi wej,

mybvgMÄ, wm‡jU, †gŠjfxevRvi, gqgbwmsn Ges †kicyi †Rjvi nvIo I wej D‡jøL‡hvM¨| †gNbv b`xi

†gvnbvq nvwZqv, m›Øxc, kvnevRcyi Ges †fvjv †Rjvq †ek wKQz Øxc Aew¯’Z| GQvov `wÿY DcK‚‡j AviI

wKQz †QvU †QvU Øxc i‡q‡Q|

mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf‚wg‡K K‡qKwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

K) iscyi I w`bvRcy‡ii cv`‡`kxq mgf‚wg|

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 150 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

L) XvKv, Uv½vBj, gqgbwmsn, Rvgvjcyi, cvebv, Kzwgjøv †bvqvLvjx I wm‡jU A‡ji eb¨vcÖeY cøveb mgf‚wg|

M) dwi`cyi, Kzwóqv, h‡kvi, Lyjbv I XvKv A‡ji Askwe‡kl wb‡q e-Øxc mgf~wg|

N) †bvqvLvjx I †dbx b`xi wb¤œfvM †_‡K K·evRvi ch©šÍ we¯Í…Z PÆMÖv‡gi DcK‚jxq mgf‚wg|

O) Lyjbv I cUzqvLvjx AÂj Ges ei¸bv †Rjvi Askwe‡kl wb‡q †¯ªvZR mgf‚wg|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

evsjv‡`‡ki gvbwP‡Î wewfbœ f‚-cÖK…wZi Ae¯’vb wbY©q Kiæb| GQvov wb‡¤œv³

Z_¨¸‡jv wjLyb|

evsjv‡`‡ki Aÿvsk I

`ªvwNgvMZ Ae¯’vb KZ ?

evsjv‡`‡ki AvqZb wjLyb| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK

mgy`ªmxgv KZ ?

e‡i›`ªf‚wgi AvqZb wjLyb|

mvims‡¶c :

evsjv‡`k Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki `wÿY-c~e© w`‡K Aew¯’Z| wZbw`‡Ki g~jfvM fviZ I wgqvbgvi Øviv †ewóZ Ges

`wÿ‡Y e‡½vcmvMi Aew¯’Z| evsjv‡`k c„w_exi Ab¨Zg e„nËg e-Øxc| f‚-cÖK…wZi wewfbœZv Abyhvqx G‡`k‡K

wZbwU fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv-Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvomg~n, cøvB‡÷vwmbKv‡ji †mvcvbmg~n Ges

mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf‚wg| †`‡ki `wÿY-c~e©v‡ji cve©Z¨ f‚wg Ges DËi c~e©v‡ji wKQz cvnvwo GjvKv

e¨ZxZ mgMÖ †`k mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji b`x we‡aŠZ cwj Øviv MwVZ| hv evsjv‡`k‡K K…wl‡Z mg„× K‡i‡Q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.1

mwVK Dˇii cvk wUK () wPý w`b|

1| wb‡Pi †KvbwU evsjv‡`‡ki `wÿ‡Y Aew¯’Z?

(K) cwðge½ (L) wÎcyiv

(M) wgqvbgvi (N) e‡½vcmvMi

2| evsjv‡`‡ki f‚-cÖK…wZ‡K Kq fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq?

(K) GK (L) yB

(M) wZb (N) Pvi

3| evsjv‡`‡k e‡½vcmvM‡ii ZU‡iLvi ˆ`N© KZ?

(K) 712 wK.wg. (L) 716 wK.wg.

(M) 720 wK.wg. (N) 725 wK.wg.

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co–b Ges 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b|

iwng eÜz‡`i wb‡q `wÿY-c~e©v‡j †eov‡Z †M‡jb| †mLv‡b †`L‡jb A‡bK DPz-wbPz cvnvo| AuvKv-euvKv cvnvwo

iv¯Ív| cvnvwo A‡ji †mŠ›`h© Ae‡jvKb Ki‡jb Ges †mLvbKvi gvbyl m¤ú‡K©I aviYv †c‡jb|

4| `wÿY-c~e©v‡ji cvnvo¸‡jvi Mo D”PZv KZ?

(K) 610 wgUvi (L) 710 wgUvi

(M) 810 wgUvi (N) 910 wgUvi

5| `wÿY-c~e©v‡ji cve©Z¨ A‡ji ˆewkó¨ n‡jv-

i. RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ Kg ii. Ryg c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` iii. AuvKv-euvKv iv¯Ív

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

(K) i (L) ii (M) iii (N) i, ii I iii

evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x (Rivers of Bangladesh) cvV-9.2

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 151

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x¸‡jvi bvg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb Ges

cÖavb b`x¸‡jvi DrcwË I MwZc_ eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã

cÙv, eªþcyÎ, †gNbv, hgybv, KY©dzjx, Ki‡Zvqv, gnvb›`v, mv½y, bvd, †dbx|

evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x

evsjv‡`k b`xgvZ…K †`k| b`x¸‡jv G‡`‡ki cªvY| †QvU eo cÖvq 700 b`x G‡`k‡K Rv‡ji g‡Zv

Rwo‡q †i‡L‡Q| d‡j GLvbKvi Awaevmx‡`i RxebhvÎvi Dci b`-b`xi cÖfve AwaK| †`‡ki cÖavb b`x¸‡jv

n‡jv-cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv, eªþcyÎ, KY©dzjx cÖf…wZ| G¸‡jvi AmsL¨ kvLvb`x Ges Dcb`x i‡q‡Q| Z‡e A‡bK b`x

g‡i †M‡Q ev msKxY© n‡q c‡o‡Q A_ev bZzb Lv‡Z cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| Avevi †Kv_vIev b`x Zvi cyivZb bvgI

nvwi‡q‡Q| cÖavb b`x, kvLvb`x Ges Dcb`xmn †gvU b`xi ˆ`N© cÖvq 22,155 wK‡jvwgUvi| wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb

b`x¸‡jvi eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv (wPÎ- 9.2.1)|

cÙv (Padma) : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x cÙv| G b`x M½v bv‡g ga¨ wngvj‡qi M‡½vÎx wngevn †_‡K Drcbœ

n‡q‡Q| Gici cÖ_‡g `wÿY-cwð‡g Ges c‡i `wÿY-c~e© w`K w`‡q AMÖmi n‡q fvi‡Zi nwiØv‡ii wbKU M½v bv‡g

mgf‚wg‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| GLvb †_‡K fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`k I wenvi iv‡R¨i ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q cwðge‡½i

gywk© vev` †Rjvi aywjqvb bvgK ¯’v‡b fvwMi_x (ev ûMwj b`x) bv‡g Gi GKwU kvLv †ei n‡q cwðge‡½i ga¨ w`‡q

e‡½vcmvM‡i c‡o‡Q| Avi M½v b`xi g~j cÖevn ivRkvnx †Rjvi `wÿY-cwðg cÖv‡šÍ cÖvq 145 wK‡jvwgUvi ch©šÍ

fvi‡Zi cwðge½ I evsjv‡`‡ki mxgvbv eivei G‡m Kzwóqvi DËi-cwðg cÖv‡šÍ evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| Gici

ivRevwo †Rjvi †Mvqvj‡›`i wbKU hgybvi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| GB wgwjZ aviv cÙv bv‡g `wÿY-c~e© w`‡K cÖevwnZ

n‡q Puv`cy‡i †gNbvi mv‡_ wg‡k‡Q| AZ:ci wZb b`xi wgwjZ †¯ªvZ †gNbv bv‡g e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡k M½v-cÙv we‡aŠZ A‡ji AvqZb cÖvq 34,188 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi|

cÙvi kvLvb`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Kzgvi, ˆfie, MovB, gv_vfv½v, BQvgwZ, Avwoqvj Luv D‡jøL‡hvM¨| DËi w`K †_‡K

AvMZ Dcb`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ gnvb›`v cÖavb| Avi gnvb›`vi Dcb`x¸‡jvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q cybf©ev, bvMi, KzwjK, U¨vsMb,

cvMjv cÖf…wZ|

eªþcyÎ (Brahmaputra) : eªþc` b` wngvjq ce©‡Zi ˆKjvm k„‡½i gvbm m‡ivei †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| Gici

GwU wZeŸZ I Avmv‡gi wfZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q KzwoMÖvg †Rjvi ga¨ w`‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| GB b`

gqgbwmsn †Rjvi †`IqvbM‡Äi Kv‡Q `wÿY-c~e© w`‡K euvK wb‡q ˆfieevRv‡ii `wÿ‡Y †gNbvq wgwjZ n‡q‡Q|

evsjv‡`‡ki wfZ‡i G b‡`i ˆ`N© cÖvq 277 wK‡jvwgUvi| aijv I wZ¯Ív eªþcy‡Îi cÖavb Dcb`x| Avi cÖavb

kvLvb`x n‡jv eskx I kxZjÿ¨v|

†gNbv (Meghna) : fvi‡Zi Avmvg iv‡R¨i bvMv-gwbcyi cve©Z¨ A‡j Drcbœ eivK b`x wm‡jU mxgv‡šÍ myigv I

Kzwkqviv bv‡g `yBwU kvLvq wef³ n‡q evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| DËi w`K w`‡q AvMZ kvLv myigv cwð‡g Aew¯’Z

QvZK, wm‡jU I mybvgM‡Äi Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| Gici AvRwgwiM‡Äi Kv‡Q DËi wm‡j‡Ui myigv, `wÿY

wm‡j‡Ui Kzwkqviv Ges nweM‡Äi Kvjbx b`x GKm‡½ wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| c‡i myigv, Kzwkqviv I Kvjbx b`xi wgwjZ

cÖevn Kvjbx bv‡g wKQz`~i AMÖmi n‡q †gNbv bvg aviY K‡i‡Q| †gNbv b`x wK‡kviM‡Äi ˆfieevRv‡ii wbKU

cyivZb eªþcy‡Îi m‡½ wgwjZ n‡q `wÿY-cwð‡g cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q Ges Puv`cy‡ii Kv‡Q cÙvi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q †gNbv

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 152 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

bv‡g AviI `wÿ‡Y AMÖmi n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| †gNbvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb`x n‡jv gby, evDjvB, wZZvm,

†MvgZx, Kvmwb Ges kvLvb`x Rv½vwjqv I WvKvwZqv| evsjv‡`‡ki †gNbv we‡aŠZ A‡ji AvqZb cÖvq 29,785

eM©wK‡jvwgUvi|

hgybv (Jamuna) : gqgbwmsn †Rjvi †`IqvbM‡Äi Kv‡Q eªþcy‡Îi GKwU kvLv hgybv b`x bv‡g `wÿY w`‡K cÖevwnZ

n‡q‡Q| GwU †Mvqvj‡›`i wbKU cÙvi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q `wÿY-c~e©w`‡K cÙv bv‡g cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q| GwU evsjv‡`‡ki Ab¨Zg

b`x| hgybvi cÖavb Dcb`x n‡jv aijv, wZ Ív, Ki‡Zvqv I AvÎvB| GQvov hgybvi cªavb kvLvb`x a‡jk¦ix Ges a‡jk¦ixi

kvLvb`x eywoM½v|

Ki‡Zvqv (Kartoa) : Ki‡Zvqv b`xi g~javiv fvi‡Zi cwðge½ iv‡R¨i RjcvB¸wo †Rjvi ˆeKzÚcyi Rjvf‚wg‡Z

Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| GwU cÂMo †Rjvi wfUM‡oi wbKU evsjv‡`‡k cª‡ek K‡i‡Q| Gici w`bvRcyi †Rjvi Lvbmvgvi

wPÎ 9.2.1: evsjv‡`‡ki b`-b`x

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 153

wbKU GwU AvÎvB bv‡g cwiwPZ| †mLvb †_‡K `wÿY w`‡K mgvwaNvU ch©šÍ AMÖmi n‡q Avevi fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek

K‡i‡Q| G b`x cybivq ivRkvnx †Rjvi †`Iqvbcy‡i evsjv‡`‡k cª‡ek K‡i eovj b`xi ga¨ w`‡q cvebvi †eovi

wbKU hgybvq cwZZ n‡q‡Q| GwU hgybvi `xN©Zg Dcb`x|

gnvb›`v (Mahananda) : wngvj‡qi cv`‡`‡k `vwR©wjs Gi wbKUeZ©x gnvjWªxg ce©Z n‡Z gnvb›`v b`x DrcwË

n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Zi RjcvB¸wo †Rjvi Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q cÂMo †Rjvi †ZuZzwjqvi Dc‡Rjv mxgvšÍ GjvKv

w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q cybivq fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i| AZ:ci fvi‡Zi c~wY©qv I gvj`n †Rjvi ga¨ w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q

PvcvBbeveM‡Äi wbKU evsjv‡`‡k cybivq cÖ‡ek K‡i †Mv`vMvwoi Kv‡Q cÙvi wgwjZ n‡q‡Q| bvMi, U¨vsMb I

cyYf©ev Gi Dcb`x|

KY©dzjx (Karnaphuli) : KY©dyjx b`x Avmv‡gi jymvB cvnvo †_‡K Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| Gici ivOvgvwU I PÆMÖvg †Rjvi

Dci w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| GwU PÆMÖvg I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg A‡ji cÖavb b`x| G b`xi ˆ`N©

274 wK‡jvwgUvi| KY©dzwji cÖavb Dcb`x Kvmvjs, nvj`v I †evqvjLvwj| ivOvgvwU †Rjvi KvßvB bvgK ’v‡b KY©dzjx

b`x‡Z AvovAvwo euva w`‡q †`‡ki GKgvÎ cvwb we y¨r †K› ª ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G we y¨r †K‡› ªi Drcv`b ÿgZv 230

†gMvIqvU| †`‡ki cÖavb mgy ª e›`iwU evwYwR¨K bMix PÆMÖv‡g KY©dzjx b`xi Zx‡i Aew ’Z|

mv½y (Shangu) : mv½y b`x evsjv‡`k I wgqvbgvi mxgv‡šÍ Aew¯’Z AvivKvb cvnv‡o Drcbœ n‡q‡Q| AZ:ci

ev›`ievb I PÆMÖv‡gi Ici w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q `wÿ‡Y e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q|

†dbx (Feni) : †dbx b`x fvi‡Zi wÎcyivi cve©Z¨ A‡j DrcwË n‡q‡Q| †dbx †Rjvi c~e© mxgvbv w`‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i

m›Øxc cÖYvwji Dˇi e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q| G b`xwU evsjv‡`‡ki cÖkvmwbK †Rjv †dbxi bv‡g cwiwPZ Ges

†dbx †Rjv‡ZB Aew¯’Z|

bvd (Knaf) : bvd b`xi Drcw˯’j wgqvbgvi| G b`x evsjv‡`‡ki †UKbvd I wgqvbgv‡ii mxgvbv wb‡`©k K‡i

e‡½vcmvM‡i cwZZ n‡q‡Q|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb b`x¸‡jvi wb‡¤œv³ Z_¨ wjLyb|

mvims‡¶c :

AmsL¨ b`-b`x Rv‡ji g‡Zv Qwo‡q wQwU‡q †_‡K evsjv‡`k‡K b`xgvZ…K †`k wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ K‡i Zz‡j‡Q|

cÙv, †gNbv, hgybv, eªþcyÎ cÖf…wZ b`xmn cÖvq 700 †QvU eo b`x evsjv‡`k‡K De©i cjj f‚wg‡Z cwiYZ

K‡i‡Q| b`x¸‡jvi mv‡_ GLvbKvi gvby‡li RxebhvÎvi Mfxi m¤úK© i‡q‡Q| b`x‡Kw›`ªK hvZvqvZ e¨e ’v, kni,

bMi, e›`i cÖf…wZ gvby‡li RxebhvÎv Ges A_©bxwZ‡K eûfv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡i| ZvB b`x¸‡jvi ¯vfvweK MwZc_

wbwðZ Kiv Avgv‡`i mK‡ji DwPZ|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.2

mwVK Dˇii cvk wUK () wPý w`b|

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co–b Ges 1 I 2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b|

fvi‡Zi Avmvg iv‡R¨i cve©Z¨ A‡j Drcbœ GKwU b`x evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-c~e©v‡ji mxgvšÍ w`‡q `yBwU kvLvq

wef³ n‡q cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| c‡i AviI GKwU b`x G `yBwU kvLvi mv‡_ wgwjZ n‡q wKQz`yi cÖevwnZ n‡q bZzb bvg

aviY K‡i‡Q|

1| Av‡jvP¨ b`xwU fvi‡Z Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ?

(K) myigv (L) Kzwkqvq (M) eivK (N) Kvjbx

2| DËi-c~e©vÂj mxgvšÍ w`‡q cÖ‡ekKvix b`x `yBwUi bvg Kx?

(K) myigv I Kzwkqviv (L) myigv I wZZvm (M) Kzwkqviv I wZZvm (N) myigv I Kvjbx

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨

cvV-9.3

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 154 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(Climatic Characteristics of Bangladesh)

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

AvenvIqv I Rjevqy ej‡Z Kx eySvq Zv Rvb‡eb Ges

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi ˆewk󨸇jv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã

FZz ˆewPΨZv, ZvcgvÎv, e„wócvZ, Av`ª©Zv, evqycÖevn, Kvj‰ekvLx So|

[

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨

Avgiv c~‡e© †R‡bwQ †h, Rjevqy ej‡Z †Kv‡bv GKwU e„nr A‡ji 30-40 eQ‡ii AvenvIqvi

Dcv`vb¸‡jvi ˆ`bw›`b Ae¯’vi Mo‡K eySvq| Avi AvenvIqv n‡jv †Kv‡bv ’v‡bi evqyi Zvc, Pvc, DòZv, Av ©ªZv,

evqycÖevn, e„wócvZ BZ¨vw`i ˆ`bw›`b Ae¯’v| evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy Dò, Av`ª© Ges A‡bKUv mgfvevcbœ| †`‡ki cÖvq

ga¨fvM w`‡q KK©UµvwšÍ †iLv AwZµg Kivq Ges †gŠmygx Rjevqyi cÖfve we`¨gvb _vKvq GLvbKvi Rjevqy µvšÍxq

†gŠmygx Rjevqy bv‡g cwiwPZ|

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨ n‡jv †gŠmywg evqy Ges †gŠmygx Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨ n‡jv GK GKwU wfbœ FZzi

Avwef©ve| †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e GLv‡b eQ‡i 3wU we‡kl ˆewkó¨c~Y© FZz †`Lv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

K. MÖx®§Kvj

L. el©vKvj Ges

M. kxZKvj

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki Rjevqy‡Z FZzwfwËK cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv mgqB kxZcÖavb ev MÖx®§cÖavb †`‡ki

g‡Zv Rjevqy Pigfvevcbœ nq bv| A_©vr ﮋ I Avivg`vqK kxZKvj, Dò I Av`ª© MÖx®§Kvj Ges e„wóeûj el©vKvj

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi cÖavb ˆewkó¨|

evsjv‡`‡ki MÖx®§Kvjxb m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 34 †mjwmqvm Ges me©wb¤œ 21 †mjwmqvm Ges kxZKvjxb m‡e©v”P I

me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv h_vµ‡g 29 Ges 11 †mjwmqvm| A_©vr Avgiv hw` Dfq FZzi ZvcgvÎvMZ cv_©K¨ †`wL Zvn‡j

†`Lv hv‡e, MÖx®§Kvj I kxZKv‡ji ZvcgvÎvi cv_©K¨ 5-10 †mjwmqvm| G‡`‡ki MÖx®§Kvjxb Mo DòZv 27 †_‡K 32.2 †mjwmqvm Ges kxZKvjxb Mo DòZv 13.2 †_‡K 21 †mjwmqvm| el©vKv‡j Mo ZvcgvÎv 27 †mjwmqvm| evwl©K †gvU e„wócv‡Zi GK cÂgvsk MÖx®§Kv‡j nq Avi kxZKv‡j Lye mvgvb¨ cwigvY e„wócvZ nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡ji †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vbMZ Kvi‡Y e„wócv‡Zi ZviZg¨ cwijwÿZ nq| me©wb¤œ e„wócvZ nq

ivRkvnx A‡ji jvjcy‡i 117.5 †mw›UwgUvi ev 47 Bw Ges m‡e©v”P e„wócvZ wm‡jU A‡ji jvjLv‡b, 637.5

†mw›UwgUvi ev 225 BwÂ| evsjv‡`‡ki evwl©K Mo e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY 203 †mw›UwgUvi| †`‡ki cwðgvs‡ki Zzjbvq

c~e©vs‡k AwaK e„wócvZ nq| el©vKv‡j cÖPzi e„wócvZ nIqv GLvbKvi Rjevqyi cÖavb ˆewkó¨| GB e„wói d‡j cÖvq

cÖwZeQi eb¨v nq| KL‡bv KL‡bv GB eb¨v fqven AvKvi aviY K‡i| evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi AviI GKwU ˆewkó¨

n‡jv Kvj‰ekvLx So| mvaviYZ gvP© GwcÖj gv‡m G S‡oi m„wó nq| G S‡oi d‡j Rxeb, Ni-evwo I m¤ú‡`i

e¨vcK ÿqÿwZ n‡q _v‡K|

GQvov FZz‡f‡` Av`ª©Zvi †ek cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq| kxZKv‡j evZv‡mi Mo Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv 73% †_‡K 84%

n‡q _v‡K| Aciw`‡K MÖx®§ ev el©vKv‡j Mo Av‡cwÿK Av`ª©Zv cÖvq 83% †_‡K 89% ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K|

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 155

evsjv‡`‡ki wewfbœ A‡j Ges eQ‡ii wewfbœ mg‡q evqycÖev‡ni ˆewPΨZv jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| b‡f¤i †_‡K †deªæqvwi

gv‡m AwaKvsk evqy A‡cÿvK…Z kvšÍ _v‡K| G †eM mvaviYZ gvP© †_‡K AvM÷ gv‡m e„w× cvq| MÖx®§Kv‡ji e„wói

mv‡_ cÖevwnZ nIqv S‡ov nvIqv evZv‡mi Mo †eM‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i|

me‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, mgfvevcbœ evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡Z ZvcgvÎv, cÖPzi e„wócvZ, AwZwi³ Av`ª©Zv Ges FZzMZ

D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq| mnbkxj Rjevqy K…wlKvR, Dw™¢¾, wkí, e¨emv, cwienY I †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v

eûjvs‡k cÖfvweZ K‡i _v‡K|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqyi ˆewk󨸇jv wjLyb|

mvims‡¶c :

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy Dò, Av`ª© Ges mgfvevcbœ| †gŠmygx evqy GLvbKvi Rjevqyi cÖavb ˆewkó¨| ﮋ I

Avivg`vqK kxZKvj, Dò I Av`ª© MÖx®§Kvj Ges e„wóeûj el©vKvj GLvbKvi Rjevqyi we‡kl w`K| MÖx®§Kv‡j

Kvj‰ekvLx S‡oi m‡½ evrmwiK e„wócv‡Zi GK cÂgvsk n‡q _v‡K| el©vKv‡j cÖvq cuvPfv‡Mi PvifvM e„wócvZ

nq| kxZKv‡j Lye mvgvb¨ cwigvY e„wócvZ cvnvwo GjvKvq n‡Z †`Lv hvq| wZb FZzi †Kv‡bv mgqB ZvcgvÎv

Pigfvevcbœ nq bv| GwcÖj DòZg gvm| GQvov FZzwfwËK evqyi Av`ª©Zv Ges evqycÖev‡ni w`K I MwZ‡ZI

cv_©K¨ cwijwÿZ nq|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.3

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () w`b|

1| evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ?

(K) kxZj Rjevqy (L) f‚-ga¨mvMixq Rjevqy

(M) wbiÿxq Rjevqy (N) µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqy

2| evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡K KqwU ˆewkó¨c~Y© FZz‡Z fvM Kiv hvq?

(K) 3wU (L) 4wU

(M) 5wU (N) 6wU

3| wb‡Pi Z_¨mg~n jÿ¨ Kiæb| evsjv‡`‡k-

i. Dò I Av`ª© MÖx®§Kvj

ii. ﮋ I Avivg`vqK kxZKvj

iii. e„wóeûj el©vKvj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

(K) i I ii (L) ii I iii (M) i, ii I iii

4| evsjv‡`‡k MÖx®§Kvjxb m‡e©v”P I me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv KZ wWwMÖ †mjwmqvm?

(K) 29 Ges 11 (L) 34 Ges 21 (M) 27 Ges 32 (N) 32 Ges 11

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 156 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv‡`‡ki FZzwfwËK ZvcgvÎv, evqycÖevn I e„wócvZ

(Seasonal Temperature, Wind Movement and Rainfall of Bangladesh)

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡K FZzwfwËK †kÖwYwefvM Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

FZywfwËK ZvcgvÎv m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

FZzwfwËK evqycÖev‡ni aiY Rvb‡eb Ges

FZzwfwËK e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY I ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã

Rjevqy, FZz, MÖx®§Kvj, el©vKvj, kxZKvj, ZvcgvÎv, evqycÖevn, e„wócvZ|

evsjv‡`‡ki FZzwfwËK ZvcgvÎv, evqycÖevn I e„wócvZ

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb Ges f‚-cÖK…wZ GLvbKvi Rjevqyi Ici h‡_ó cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i _v‡K|

†gŠmygx evqyi AZ¨waK cÖfv‡ei `iæY GLvbKvi Rjevqy µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqy bv‡g cwiwPZ|

evqycÖev‡ni w`K cwieZ©b, ZvcgvÎv Ges e„wócv‡Zi ˆewk‡ó¨i Ici wfwË K‡i G‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡K wZbwU FZz‡Z

fvM Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv:

K. MÖx®§Kvj (Summer Season) L. el©vKvj (Rainy Season) Ges M. kxZKvj (Winter Season) wb‡¤œ evsjv‡`‡ki FZz wZbwUi weeiY †`Iqv n‡jv (wPÎ- 9.4.1, 9.4.2 Ges 9.4.3)|

K. MÖx®§Kvj : evsjv‡`‡k gvP© n‡Z †g gvm (dvêyb-ˆR¨ô) ch©šÍ MÖx®§Kvj| G FZz‡Z m~‡h©i DËivq‡bi d‡j

DËv‡ci cwigvY µgk e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K| †`‡ki `wÿYvÂj n‡Z Dˇii w`‡K ZvcgvÎv µgk e„w× cvq| wb‡¤œ

G FZzi ZvcgvÎv, evqycÖevn Ges e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY eY©bv Kiv n‡jv|

wPÎ-9.4.1: evsjv‡`‡ki Mo ZvcgvÎv (RyjvB) wPÎ-9.4.2: evsjv‡`‡ki Mo ZvcgvÎv (Rvbyqvwi)

cvV-9.4

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 157

ZvcgvÎv : Avgv‡`i †`‡k MÖx®§Kvj me‡P‡q Dò FZz wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G FZz‡Z m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 34 †mjwmqvm Ges me©wb¤œ ZvcgvÎv 21 †mjwmqvm| GwcÖj DòZg gvm| G gv‡mi Mo ZvcgvÎv cÖvq 28 †mjwmqvm| G mgq mgy`ª DcK‚j †_‡K †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i A_©vr DËi w`‡K ZvcgvÎv µgk e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K|

D`vniY¯iƒc- GwcÖj gv‡m hLb K·evRv‡i 27.64 †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv ZLb ivRkvnxi ZvcgvÎv cÖvq 30 †mjwmqvm |

evqycÖevn : MÖx®§Kv‡j m~h© DËi †Mvjv‡a©i wbKUeZ©x nIqvq evqyPv‡ci cwieZ©b N‡U| G mgq evsjv‡`‡ki Ici

w`‡q ﮋ I Av`ª© evqy cÖevwnZ nq| cÿvšÍ‡i GKB mgq cwðg I DËi-cwðg w`K †_‡K ﮋ I kxZj evqy

cÖevwnZ nq| Dfq evqyi msN‡l© G mgq evsjv‡`‡k cÖvqB eRªmn Soe„wó nq hv Kvj‰ekvLx (Nor’ wester)

bv‡g cwiwPZ| gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m GB So eRªwe`yrmn cÖej‡e‡M cÖevwnZ nq|

e„wócvZ: Kvj‰ekvLx So Mªx®§Kvjxb AvenvIqvi

Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| evwl©K †gvU e„wócv‡Zi kZKiv

cÖvq 20 fvM e„wócvZ GB mg‡q nq Ges Mo

e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY cÖvq 51 †mw›UwgUvi| A‡bK

mgq Kvj‰ekvLx S‡oi mv‡_ wkjve„wóI n‡q

_v‡K|

L. el©vKvj : Ryb n‡Z A‡±vei gvm (ˆR¨ô-KvwZ©K)

ch©šÍ G‡`‡k el©vKvj weivRgvb _v‡K| GwU MÖx®§

I kxZKv‡ji gvSvgvwS mgq| G mgq mviv

†`‡kB Kg †ewk e„wócvZ n‡q _v‡K| Ryb gv‡mi

cÖ_gv‡a© †gŠmygx evqyi AvMg‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ el©v

FZz ïiæ n‡q hvq| wb‡¤œ el©v FZzi ZvcgvÎv,

evqycÖevn Ges e„wócv‡Zi eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv|

ZvcgvÎv : el©vKv‡j m~h© evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq j¤fv‡e

wKiY †`q| d‡j AwZwi³ Zvc Abyf‚Z nIqvi K_v

_vK‡jI AwaK e„wócv‡Zi `iæY ZvcgvÎv Lye †ewk

Abyf‚Z nq bv| G mgq Mo ZvcgvÎv 27 †mjwmqvm| G FZz‡Z Ryb I †m‡Þ¤i gv‡m me‡P‡q

†ewk Mig c‡o|

evqycÖevn : Ryb gv‡m m~h© G‡`‡ki Ici Ae¯’vb Kivq evqyPv‡ci cwieZ©b N‡U| G mgq DËi-c~e© Aqb evqy AšÍwn©Z

nq Ges `wÿY-c~e© Aqb evqy wbiÿ‡iLv AwZµg Ki‡j †d‡i‡ji m~Îvbymv‡i DËi †Mvjv‡a©i Wvb w`‡K †eu‡K

`wÿY-cwðg †gŠmygx evqy‡Z cwiYZ nq| el©v FZzi †k‡l gv‡S gv‡S N~wY©So AvNvZ nvb‡Z †`Lv hvq|

e„wócvZ : el©vKv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki Ici w ‡q cÖevwnZ `wÿY-cwðg †gŠmygx evqy fviZ gnvmvMi Ges e‡½vcmvM‡ii Ici

w`‡q Avmvi mgq cÖPzi Rjxqev®ú aviY K‡i wb‡q Av‡m| G Rjxqev®ú NYxf‚Z n‡q ˆk‡jvr‡ÿc cÖwµqvq cÖPzi e„wócvZ

NUvq| evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU e„wócv‡Zi 80 fvM G FZz‡Z n‡q _v‡K|

M. kxZKvj : evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZ eQi b‡f¤i †_‡K †deªæqvwi gvm (KvwZ©K-dvêyb) ch©šÍ mgq kxZKvj| G mgq m~h©

`wÿY †Mvjv‡a© _vKvq m~h©iwk¥ wZh©Kfv‡e cwZZ nIqvq DËv‡ci cwigvY Kg _v‡K| d‡j †m‡Þ¤i I A‡±vei

gv‡mi ci ZvcgvÎv µgk Kg‡Z _v‡K| Rvbyqvwi gv‡m ZvcgvÎv me©wb¤œ _v‡K| wb‡¤œ G FZzi ZvcgvÎv,

evqycÖevn Ges e„wócv‡Zi eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv|

wPÎ-9.4.3: evsjv‡`‡ki evwl©K Mo e„wócvZ

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 158 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ZvcgvÎv : kxZKvj Avgv‡`i †`‡k VvÛvi mgq wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| G mgq ZvcgvÎv me‡P‡q Kg _v‡K| kxZKv‡j

m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 29 †mjwmqvm Ges me©wb¤œ 11 †mjwmqvm| Rvbyqvwi gv‡m Mo ZvcgvÎv 17.7 †mjwmqvm Ges

GwU kxZjZg gvm| G mgq `wÿYvÂj A‡cÿv DËiv‡j ZvcgvÎv A‡bK Kg _v‡K| 1905 mv‡ji 3 †deªæqvwi

w`bvRcy‡i me©wb¤œ 1 †mwjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv †iKW© Kiv nq hv G‡`‡ki BwZnv‡m cÖ_g NUbv|

evqycÖevn : kxZKv‡j DËi-c~e© w`K †_‡K AvMZ kxZj †gŠmygx evqy evsjv‡`‡ki Ici w`‡q cÖevwnZ nq| d‡j

G mgq evZv‡mi Av`ª©Zv Kg _v‡K, hvi me©wb¤œ cwigvY cÖvq 36 kZvsk| KL‡bv KL‡bv †`‡ki DËiv‡ji

Ici w`‡q Zxeª kxZj evqy cÖevwnZ nIqvq Zxeª kxZ Abyf~Z nq|

e„wócvZ : kxZKv‡j G‡`‡k e„wócvZ nq bv ej‡jB P‡j| G mgq DËi-c~e© †gŠmygx evqy cÖevwnZ nq| kxZKv‡j

mvaviYZ DcK‚jxq AÂj Ges cve©Z¨ A‡j mvgvb¨ e„wócvZ nq hvi cwigvY 10 †mw›UwgUv‡ii †ewk bq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

evsjv‡`‡ki FZyi wb‡¤œv³ ˆewk󨸇jv wbY©q Kiæb|

FZyi bvg ZvcgvÎv evqycªevn e„wócvZ

Mªx®§Kvj

elv©Kvj

kxZKvj

mvims‡¶c :

evsjv‡`‡ki Rjevqy ÔµvšÍxq †gŠmygx RjevqyÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ| evqycÖev‡ni w`K cwieZ©b, ZvcgvÎv Ges

e„wócv‡Zi cwigv‡Yi Ici wfwË K‡i G‡`‡ki Rjevqy‡K wZbwU fv‡M wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

MÖx®§Kvj, el©vKvj Ges kxZKvj| wZbwU FZzB ˆewkó¨vbyhvqx ˆewPΨZv jvf K‡i‡Q|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.4

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () w`b|

1| evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q DòZg FZz †KvbwU?

(K) MÖx®§Kvj (L) el©vKvj

(M) kxZKvj (N) me¸‡jv

2| †Kvb gv‡m †gŠmygx evqyi AvMgb N‡U?

(K) Rvbyqvwi (L) gvP©

(M) †g (N) Ryb

3| wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv jÿ¨ Kiæb-

i. Rvbyqvwi gv‡m ZvcgvÎv me©wb¤œ _v‡K

ii. kxZKv‡j DËiv‡j gv‡S gv‡S Zxeª kxZj evqy cÖevwnZ nq

iii. kxZKv‡j mvgvb¨ e„wócvZ nq

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

(K) i (L) ii I iii (M) i I iii (N) i, ii I iii 4| evsjv‡`‡k kxZKv‡j me©wb¤œ 1 †mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv †iKW© Kiv nq KZ mv‡j?

(K) 1905 (L) 1915

(M) 1952 (N) 1935

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 159

†gŠmygx Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨ Ges Kvj‰ekvLx So

(Characteristics of Monsoon Climate and Nor’ wester)

D‡Ïk¨

G cvV †k‡l Avcwb-

†gŠmygx Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡eb Ges

Kvj‰ekvLx So KLb I Kxfv‡e nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

g~L¨ kã

gImyg, Kvj‰ekvLx So|

†gŠmygx Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨ Ges Kvj‰ekvLx So

Aviwe fvlvq ÔgImygÕ k‡ãi evsjv A_© FZz| FZz cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ †h evqyi w`K cwiewZ©Z nq ZvB

n‡jv †gŠmygx evqy| MÖx®§Kvj I kxZKv‡j ’jfvM Ges Rjfv‡Mi DòZvi ZviZ‡g¨i Rb¨ †gŠmygx evqy m„wó nq|

mvaviYZ 15 †_‡K 30 DËi I `wÿY Aÿvs‡ki g‡a¨

Aew ’Z gnv‡`kmg~‡ni c~e© cÖv‡šÍ G Rjevqy cwijwÿZ nq|

†gŠmygx Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨ (Characteristics of Monsoon

Climate) : †gŠmygx Rjevqyi cÖavb ˆewk‡ó¨ n‡jv FZz

cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ w`K cwieZ©b| evsjv‡`‡k MÖx®§Kv‡j

GwU RjfvM †_‡K ¯’jfv‡Mi w`‡K Ges kxZKv‡j ¯’jfvM

†_‡K Rjfv‡Mi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq| d‡j MÖx®§Kvj e„wóeûj

Ges kxZKvj cÖvq e„wónxb Ae¯’vq _v‡K| evqyi Pvc, Zvc,

cÖevn Ges e„wócvZ Øviv G Rjevqyi ˆewkó¨ wbiƒcb Kiv

nq| mvaviYZ †gŠmygx Rjevqy A‡j wZbwU FZz

my®úófv‡e cwijwÿZ nq| G¸‡jv n‡jv-kxZj I ﮋ

kxZKvj, Dò I Av`ª© MÖx®§Kvj Ges Av`ª© el©vKvj| †gŠmygx

Rjevqy AÂjfz³ A‡ji me FZz‡ZB Kg †ewk e„wócvZ

nq| Z‡e el©vKv‡jB me‡P‡q †ewk e„wócvZ n‡q _v‡K(wPÎ -

9.5.1)|

evsjv‡`‡k Ryb gv‡mi ïiæ‡Z e‡½vcmvMi †_‡K AvMZ Dò

I Av`ª© `wÿY-cwðg †gŠmygx evqy `wÿY-c~e© I DËi-

c~e©v‡ji cvnvwo GjvKvq evavcÖvß n‡j e„wócvZ nq| Ryb †_‡K A‡±vei gvm ch©šÍ G‡`‡ki me©Î †gŠmygx evqyi

cÖfv‡e e„wócvZ nq| GB e„wóeûj mgq‡K el©vKvj e‡j| evrmwiK e„wócv‡Zi cÖvq 80 fvM G mgq n‡q _v‡K| G

FZz‡Z m~h© evsjv‡`‡ki Ici j¤fv‡e wKiY †`Iqvq ZvcgvÎv AwaK _vKvi K_v, wKš‘ †gNv”Qbœ AvKvk Ges

e„wócv‡Zi Rb¨ ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvq| el©vKv‡j e„wócv‡Zi m‡½ cÖvqB wb¤œPvc (Depression) ev N~wY©S‡oi (Cyclone)

ms‡hvM _v‡K| gvP© †_‡K †g gvm ch©šÍ MÖx®§Kvj| GwcÖj DòZg gvm| Mo wn‡m‡e GwcÖj gv‡m m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 28

cvV-9.5

wPÎ-9.5.1: evsjv‡`‡ki †gŠmywg e„wócvZ

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 160 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wPÎ-9.5.2: evsjv‡`‡ki Kvj‰ekvLx e„wócvZ

†mjwmqvm cwijwÿZ nq| wKš‘ †m‡Þ¤i ch©šÍ ZvcgvÎvi we‡kl †Kv‡bv cv_©K¨ n‡Z †`Lv hvq bv| MÖx®§Kv‡j DòZv mvMi

†_‡K †`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i µgk e„w× †c‡Z _v‡K|

Kvj‰eLvkx So (Nor' wester): evsjv‡`‡ki GKwU AwZ cwiwPZ cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©vM n‡jv Kvj‰eLvkx So| GwU

MÖx®§Kvjxb Rjevqyi Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨| mvaviYZ ˆekvL gv‡mi †k‡li w`‡K G So n‡Z †`Lv hvq e‡j G‡K

Kvj‰ekvLx ejv nq| gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m mܨvi w`‡K AvKvk

Kv‡jv †g‡N †X‡K Av‡m Ges †mB mv‡_ eRªwe`y¨rmn cÖej S‡ov

evZvm cÖevwnZ nq| GwUB Kvj‰ekvLx So bv‡g cwiwPZ|

Kvj‰ekvLx S‡o evrmwiK GK cÂgvsk e„wócvZ nq (wPÎ -

9.5.2)| G S‡oi d‡j DòZv ¯vfvwe‡Ki Zzjbvq 5-10 †mjwmqvm K‡g hvq| Kvj‰ekvLx So m„wói cÖavb KviY n‡jv

wb¤œPvc (Depression)| wb¤œPv‡ci Kvi‡Y Dò evZvm Ic‡ii

w`‡K DV‡Z _v‡K| Gi d‡j m„ó duvKv RvqMv c~i‡Yi Rb¨ VvÛv

evZvm cÖPÛ †e‡M H duvKv ’v‡bi w`‡K AMÖmi nq| d‡j

S‡oi DrcwË nq| G S‡oi MwZ‡eM N›Uvq cÖvq 40 wK. wg.

†_‡K 80 wK.wg. ch©šÍ n‡q _v‡K| Z‡e †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq Gi

MwZ‡eM N›Uvq 128 wK. wg. GiI †ewk n‡Z cv‡i| G So

†`‡ki c~e©v‡j me‡P‡q †ewk msNwUZ nq Ges G A‡j

e„wócv‡Zi cwigvYI †ewk| A‡bK mgq e„wói mv‡_ wkjve„wóI

n‡q _v‡K| Kvj‰ekvLx S‡oi d‡j KuvPv Ni-evwo aŸsm nq|

gvbyl, cïcvwL Ges m¤ú`nvwb N‡U| GQvov dm‡jiI e¨vcK

ÿqÿwZ nq|

wkÿv_©xi KvR

MÖx®§Kv‡ji wb‡¤œv³ ˆewkó¨ wbY©q Kiæb|

e„wócv‡Zi cwigvY evqyi MwZ S‡oi KviY

mvims‡¶c :

†gŠmygx Rjevqyi cÖavb ˆewkó¨ n‡jv- FZz cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ evqyi w`K cwiewZ©Z nIqv| MÖx®§Kv‡j GwU

RjfvM †_‡K ¯’jfv‡Mi w`‡K Ges kxZKv‡j ¯’jfvM †_‡K Rjfv‡Mi w`‡K cÖevwnZ nq| Ryb †_‡K A‡±vei

gvm ch©šÍ †`‡ki me©Î †gŠmygx evqyi cÖfv‡e e„wócvZ nq| G mgq m~h© evsjv‡`‡ki Ici j¤fv‡e wKiY †`q|

MÖx®§Kv‡j ZvcgvÎv DcK‚jxq AÂj †_‡K †`‡ki Dˇii w`‡K µgk e„w× cvq| gvP©-GwcÖj gv‡m †`‡k cÖvqB

Kvj‰ekvLx So n‡q _v‡K| Gi d‡j Rxeb I m¤ú` nvwb N‡U _v‡K|

f‚‡Mvj I cwi‡ek BDwbU-9

evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK weeiY c„ôv # 161

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb-9.5

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK () w`b|

1| ÔgImygÕ k‡ãi evsjv A_© Kx?

(K) gvm (L) FZz (M) eQi (N) evqy

2| wb‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv †Lqvj Kiæb-

i. FZz cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ †gŠmygx evqyi w`K cwiewZ©Z nq

ii. MÖx®§Kv‡j RjfvM †_‡K ’jfv‡Mi w`‡K evqy cÖevwnZ nq

iii. kxZKvj e„wóeûj

wb‡Pi †KvbwU mwVK?

(K) i (L) i I ii (M) ii I iii (N) i, ii I iii

wb‡Pi Aby‡”Q`wU co–b Ges 3, 4 I 5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi w`b|

GKw`b mܨvq nVvr K‡i Pviw`K AÜKvi n‡q G‡jv| AvKv‡k †g‡Ni MR©b Avi eRªmn e„wó ïiæ n‡q †Mj| Av‡k-

cv‡ki A‡bK evwoNi, m¤ú` I cÖvYnvwb n‡jv|

3| Dc‡i DwjøwLZ SowU wK bv‡g cwiwPZ?

(K) Kvj‰ekvLx (L) U‡b©‡Wv (M) N~wY©So (N) me¸‡jv

4| DwjøwLZ SowU m„wói cÖavb KviY Kx?

(K) D”PPvc (L) wb¤œPvc (M) D”PPvc I wb¤œPvc (N) DòZv

5| Av‡jvP¨ SowU †Kvb A‡j †ewk nq?

(K) cwðgvÂj (L) DËivÂj (M) `wÿYvÂj (N) c~e©vÂj

P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-1

K. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gvbwPÎwU †Kvb †`‡ki?

L. evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZ‡K KZ fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq I Kx Kx?

M. gvbwP‡Î ÕKÕ wPwýZ ¯’v‡bi f~-cÖK…wZ eY©bv Kiæb|

N. ÔLÕ Ges ÔMÕ wPwýZ ¯’v‡bi f~-cÖK…wZi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

I‡cb ¯‹zj GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

c„ôv # 162 evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

1bs cÖ‡kœi bgybv DËi

K. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ gvbwPÎwU evsjv‡`‡ki|

L. evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZ‡K wZb fv‡M fvM Kiv hvq| G¸‡jv n‡jv-

1. Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvomg~n

2. cøvB‡÷vwmbKv‡ji †mvcvbmg~n

3. mv¤úªwZKKv‡ji cøveb mgf~wg|

M. ÔKÕ wPwýZ AÂjwU g~jZ Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvo| GwU †`‡ki `wÿY-c~e©v‡j Aew¯’Z ivOvgvwU, LvMovQwo,

ev›`ievb Ges PÆMÖvg †Rjv wb‡`©k Ki‡Q| AvR †_‡K cÖvq 20 jÿ eQi c~‡e© GB cvnvo¸‡jv DrcwË jvf K‡i‡Q|

cvnvo¸‡jv Avmv‡gi jymvB Ges wgqvbgv‡ii AvivKvb cvnv‡oi mg‡MvÎxq| `wÿY-c~e©v‡ji cvnvo¸‡jvi Mo

D”PZv 610 wgUvi| †`‡ki m‡ev©”P ce©Zk„½ ZvwRs Ws (weRq) G A‡j Aew¯’Z hvi D”PZv 1,231 wgUvi|

GLvbKvi gvwUi iO a~mi I jvj‡P| f~-cÖK…wZMZ Kvi‡Y GLv‡b RbemwZ Lye Kg Ges cvnv‡oi Xv‡j Ryg c×wZ‡Z

Pvlvev` Kiv nq|

N. DÏxc‡K DwjøwLZ ÔLÕ wPwýZ AÂjwU cøvB‡÷vwmb Kv‡ji PZ¡if~wg hv e‡i›`ªf~wg bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU ivRkvnx

wefv‡Mi ivRkvnx, e¸ov, MvBevÜv, RqcyinvU Ges iscyi wefv‡Mi iscyi, w`bvRcyi I MvBevÜv †Rjvi Askwe‡kl

wb‡q MwVZ| Gi AvqZb cÖvq 9,320 eM©wK‡jvwgUvi| GLvbKvi gvwU mgZj cÖK…wZi| cøveb mgf~wg †_‡K G DuPz

f~wgi Mo D”PZv 6 ‡_‡K 12 wgUvi|

ÔMÕ wPwýZ AÂjwU †`‡ki DËi-c~e©v‡j Aew¯’Z| GwU gqgbwmsn I †b·Kvbv †Rjvi DËivsk, wm‡jU,

†gŠjfxevRvi Ges nweMÄ †Rjvq Aew¯’Z| G AÂjwU cvnvo Øviv †ewóZ Ges f~wg Xvjy cÖK…wZi| G A‡j

Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvo Aew¯’Z| GLvbKvi cvnvo¸‡jvi Mo D”PZv 244 wgUv‡ii †ewk bq Ges g„wËKvi is jvj‡P

I a~mi| cvnvo¸‡jv ¯’vbxqfv‡e wUjv bv‡g cwiwPZ| GLv‡b cvnvwo A‡j cÖPyi cwigv‡Y Pv Drcbœ nq|

myZivs Avgiv ÔLÕ Ges ÔMÕ wPwýZ A‡ji f~-cÖK…wZi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ †`L‡Z cvw”Q| f~-cÖK…wZ `yBwUi MVb cÖwµqvI

wfbœ|

Dc‡ii m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi Dˇii Av‡jv‡K wb‡¤œi m„Rbkxj cÖkœ ‡jvi DËi †jLvi PP©v Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-2

GK`j wkÿv_©x wkÿv md‡ii Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-c~e©v‡j †M‡jb| †mLv‡b Zviv DuPzf~wg †`L‡Z †c‡jb| GQvov

†mLv‡b fviZ †_‡K Avmv GKwU b`x evsjv‡`‡ki mxgv‡šÍ G‡m `yBwU fv‡M wef³ n‡q‡Q| cieZx©‡Z G yBwU b`x

Avevi GK‡Î wgwjZ n‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q|

K. DËi-c~e©v‡ji cvnvo¸‡jv ¯’vbxqfv‡e Kx bv‡g cwiwPZ?

L. DËi-c~e©v‡ji cvnvo¸‡jv‡K Uviwkqvwi hy‡Mi cvnvo ejvi KviY Kx?

M. Av‡jvP¨ b`xwU fvi‡Zi †Kv_vq †_‡K Ges Kxfv‡e evsjv‡`‡k cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q?

N. ewY©Z b`x yBwUi evsjv‡`‡ki MwZc_ eY©bv Kiæb|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ-3

evsjv‡`k `wÿY Gwkqvi GKwU Ab¨Zg †`k| G‡`‡ki Rjevqy µvšÍxq †gŠmygx Rjevqyi AšÍM©Z| Z‡e †`‡ki me©Î

me mgq mgvb e„wócvZ nq bv| e„wócv‡Zi Ici G‡`‡ki K…wl Avev‡`i Drcv`b wbf©i K‡i|

K. evsjv‡`‡ki cÖvq ga¨fvM w`‡q †Kvb †iLv AwZµg K‡i‡Q?

L. evsjv‡`‡ki †Kvb A‡j AwaK e„wócvZ nq?

M. evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl‡Z Rjevqyi ¸iæZ¡ e¨vL¨v Kiæb|

N. Ôevsjv‡`k‡K †gŠmygx Rjevqyi †`kÕ ejvi †hŠw³KZv eY©bv Kiæb|

DËigvjv

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.1 : 1. N 2. M 3. L 4. K 5. N

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.2 : 1. M 2. K

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.3 : 1. N 2. K 3. M 4. L

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.4 : 1. K 2. N 3. N 4.K

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 9.5 : 1. L 2. L. 3. K 4. L 5. N