Geography Chapter 3

1.1

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out of the room.

Contiguous (all connected in one block)

Temperate (mild climates)

Glaciers (large masses of ice)

Highlands hills and mountainsNorth Americas elevation Rises to the

west.

PlainsLow flat land, appears near coast

Great Plains are in the center of the United States.

Plateaus Flat Land high elevations can be

between mountains. Western United States and central Mexico.

Rivers and LakesMajor cities developed.

St Lawrence; waterway from Atlantic to Great Lakes;

Great Lakes largest body of fresh water in world. Boundary between United States and Canada

Rio Grande Natural border

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The Great PlainsStretches from the Missouri River to the

Rocky Mountains

The Great Plains Rich soil produces abundant crops;

temperate climate withabundant rain;

irrigation for dry regions Drought (rainfall is below normal); productive farms growing grains;

Important agricultural region Commercial Agriculture (business of producing crops to sell)

Export (send to other countries for aid or profit); feeds the population with enough left to export.

The Great PlainsRich supply of energy resources important to US energy needs.

The Great PlainsRivers to transport good; major oil and

natural gas deposits.

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Cordillera (system of several mountain ranges that often run parallel)

Great Basin: little rainfall Rain Shadow Effect (air that reaches the other side of the mountains is dry);

deep hollow in land; between the Rocky and Sierra Mountains; Sparse plants:

sandy.

Grand Canyon: in the Southwestern United States; deep steep-sided gorge; soft rock.

Grand Canyon

Both are hollowed out of mountain ranges and have a desert climate with little rain fall. Dam (barrio that contains the flow of water)

Geography Independent Practice

Write answers in complete sentences.

If you do not copy last question, you will receive a zero.

• 1. As you read 78-79 write an outline of North Americas physical geography.

2. As you read 80-81 describe the seven characteristics of the Great

Plains.

• A. • B. • C. • D.

• E. • F. • G.

• 3. As you read 80-81 ist two economic activities of the Great Plains.

• A. • B.

• 4. As you read 82-83 compare and contrast the Grand Canyon and the Great Basin.

• 3-1.4

•2

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paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way

out of the room.

Peninsula (land that

extends out into a body of

water) Baja and Yucatan

Sierra Madres Mountains: two ranges; run along the east and west coast; silver iron ore bauxite (used to make aluminum).

Mexican Plateau: lies between the Sierra Madres ranges; southern is

Mesa Central; northern is Mesa del Norte; Mexico City is on Mesa Central:

volcanic activity in Mesa Central makes rich soil, Subsistence Farming (growing enough

food to live); Mesa Centrals climate is temperate Modified (less extreme)

• 3-1.5

Aquifers (layers of rock beneath the earth that contain water)

Cenotes (surface rock collapses and reveals underground pools)

Yucatan cannot hold its water, it is scarce.

Meacham explores and maps cenotes and underground caves that hold a substantial water

resource.

Sustainable (based on preserving resources rather than using them up)

• 4-1.1

Immigration to US

Immigration Immigrants (person who takes up permanent residence in another country)

to the United States

Indigenous (native tribes)

1600’s European colonist arrive in the first wave of immigration.

1820-1870’s Seven million people mainly from Ireland and Germany arrive in second

wave.

1880’s and After Third wave: 23.5 million people mostly from southern and

eastern Europe.

1980’s Fourth wave; people from Asia and the Middle East and Central and South America.

Tolerance (acceptance of different views)

Diversity (variety)

Immigration to Canada

1913 400,000 people from US, UK and Ireland

After WWII Many Europeans who have lost their homes. Late 1900’s

Late 1900’s Immigrants arrive from Asia and Latin America.

Today Immigrants are mostly from Asia.

Geography Independent Practice

Write answers in complete sentences.

If you do not copy last question, you will receive a zero.

• 1. As you read 84-85 describe three geographic features of Mexico. • A. • B. • C.

• 2. As you read 86-87 describe the Yucatan’s problem with water, and Meacham solution. • A. • B.

3. As you read 116-117 record the waves of immigrants to North America including who arrived, where they came from and when.

• A. • B. • C.

• D. • E. • F.

•3

• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of

paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way

out of the room.

• 4-1.2

Mass Media (refers to Communication reaches large audiences)

Newspapers- Influenced Public Opinion

Radio- provided news and entertainment; War information.

Television- 1950’s surpassed radio for news and entertainment; live news

footage of protest and Kennedy Assignation.

Cell Phones- 1990’s connected people around the world; smartphones provide

internet access.

Internet- quick electronic access to huge body of information; people can distribute

their own media.

• 4-1.3

Early 1800’s people made their living from the land in work such as farming, mining and

fishing.

1870’s- 1950’s manufacturing (using machines to make raw into useful

products)grew during industrial revolution, manufacturing makes usable products from

raw materials.

1950’s workers provide services such as entertainment healthcare education

grew.

1970’s the development of computer technology; information and the

communication are the basis of this part of the economy Fiber Optics digital technology

for communication

Economy is constantly changing Dynamic change quickly. Recession slowdown in

economic growth.

• 4-1.4

Problems and Solutions with

Energy

Oil will eventually run out, Petroleum nonrenewable resource. Turn to other

sources.

Nuclear Power expensive to build plants and creates radioactivity.

Making ethanol

(alcohol made from grain)

competes with food

production.

Solar and Wind create

electricity, but not on demand.

Use fuel cells Hybrid cars that run on electric

and gas.

Geography Independent Practice

Write answers in complete sentences.

If you do not copy last question, you will receive a zero.

• 1. As you read 118-119 list the types of media people have used, give details. • A. • B. • C. • D. • E. • F.

• 2. As you red 120-121 describe how the economy has changed and grown. • A. • B. • C. • D.

• 3. As you read 122-123 list four problems and solutions society face for energy. • A. • B. • C. • D.

•4.

• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of

paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way

out of the room.

• 4-1.5

US Government: Legislative Branch is the US Congress; power is shared by federal and

state governments

US Government: Executive Branch is headed by president

US Government: Constitution has the Bill of Right, which are the first 10 amendments;

citizens have the right to bear arms; citizens have rights not guaranteed by Constitution.

Canadian Government: Legislative Branch is Canadian Parliament;

Government power is shared by country and provinces; parliamentary democracy.

Canadian Government:

Chief Executive is the Prime Minister

chosen by the majority party in parliament.

Canadian Government: Charter of rights list basic freedom and two languages,

English and French; citizens have the right to be protected from discrimination.

Naturalization process that someone born in another country follows to become a

citizen.

Due Process specific rules that authorities must follow.

• 4-2.1

Mexican Culture

Ancestory ones family

line into past.

Mexican Culture blends Native American and Spanish Culture.

More than 50 Native American languages spoken. Largest population group: mestizos, Mexicans of mixed ancestry. Descendent (a person who

will come after you in a future generations)

Spanish official language.

Roman Catholic major religion. Native Americans practice traditional religions.

Blend of European and native cultures shown in murals (a painting

on a large wall) and architecture.

¾ population live in cities.

Bold modern architecture mixes with traditional style buildings.

Ancient sites and artifacts(something from the past that helps what a former culture was like)

preserved.

Cooking includes native foods: corn beans and squash.

• 4-2.2

Mexican Economic Growth; Adoption of NAFTA in 1994 increased Mexican trade

with North America by 300%.

A nationalized (placed under government control) oil industry increased income to the

Mexican Government, which is a factor in growth in the service industry.

Three Economic Sectors (subdivisions of the economy): Agriculture, Manufacturing,

Service

Large Scale Agriculture exports coffee, sugar, cotton, and fruit. Oil and silver

also exports.

Manufacturing includes auto’s metal products food processing. Heavy foreign trade

investment increased manufacturing activity.

Service industries increased from 1970 to 2009 and include tourism which is a

major part of the economy.

Economic Challenges: Globalization (development of a world economy

based on free trade) has taken some jobs to other countries. Some

factories are foreign owned.

NAFTA is said to have favored large agricultural businesses over small

farms. Businesses are growing outside of Mexico City, but transportation

routes have not improved.

Geography Independent Practice

Write answers in complete sentences.

If you do not copy last question, you will receive a zero.

• 1. As you read 124-125 compare and contrast the United States and the Canadian Governments.

2. As you read 126-127 list nine details of Mexican culture.

• A. • B. • C. • D. • E.

• F.• G.• H. • I.

• 3. A. As you read 128-129 describe what drove economic growth in Mexico.

• B. List three economic sectors. • a. • b. • c. • C. List three economic challenges. • a. • b. • c.

• 4-2.3

•5.

• Enter room, and take assigned seat quietly. Put your name, date, and period on the top right-hand side of a piece of

paper. Do NOT write in red. At the end of the period, turn your paper into tray #1 on your way

out of the room.

Making Progress Toward Democracy in Mexico

The ruling party the PRI weakened in the 1990’s.

In 1996 election reform (changes aimed at correcting problems) made voting

more fair. It became easier for candidates from other parties to run.

In 2000 Vicente Fox was elected president PRI’s rule was broken.

A multi party democracy (a political system in which elections include

candidates from more than one party) was now in place in Mexico.

More political voices were heard in the 2006 election.

Challenges; Illegal drug trade and cartels; Improving literacy rates

Geography Independent Practice

Write answers in complete sentences.

If you do not copy last question, you will receive a zero.

• 1. As you read 130-131 describe events in Mexico that have led to greater democracy. • A. • B. • C. • D. • E.

• 2. Describe two challenges Mexico faces to achieve greater democracy. • A. • B.

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