GeographyGeographyCLIL ProjectCLIL Project

11stst yearyear

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GEOGRAPHY'S ABCGEOGRAPHY'S ABC

CONTENTSCONTENTS

Book Pages Handout Pages

1. Why do we study Geography? 2-3 3-4

2. What's Geography 4 5-7

3. Our Planet 5 8-10

4. Earth's movements 6 11-12

5. Equinoxes and Soltices 7 13-14

6. Orientation 8 15

7. Find a place on the Earth's surface

9 16-18

8. Maps 10 19

9. Tables and charts 11 20-22

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Why do we study Geography?

Open your schoolbook at page 2 Read the text and underline all the reasons

• To know the place where you live.• To know far places you should visit.• To orientate yourself, to learn how to read maps.• To learn how to recognize different plants, animals and

understand why they lives in some places, not in others.• To undertstand how you can avoid to modify the environment

and leave as it is.• To learn to respect other cultures, such as the one of

immigrants.

• To understand basic physical systems that affect everyday life (e.g. earth-sun relationships, water cycles, wind and ocean currents).

• To understand how geography has played important roles in the evolution of people, their ideas, places and environments.

To understandINTERDIPENDENCE – RELATIONSHIPbetween environment and humankind

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TO BECOMEA BETTER GLOBAL CITIZEN

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Question Time

1. Why do we study Geography? (Answer in Italian)

2. Ripeti in Inglese i verbi “imparare, capire, sapere” ecc.

3. Quali sono le due parole più importanti che rappresentano il senso della Geografia? (In Inglese)

4. Tra chi c'é una stretta relazione? (In Inglese)

5. Qual è il motivo fondamentale per cui studiamo la Geografia? (InInglese)

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WHAT'S GEOGRAPHY?

εω ραΦία ϒ ϒ(Ancient Greek)

Trascrizione: Geografia, Pronuncia: Gheografia

GEO = “Earth”GRAPHY = “Description”

PHYSICAL HUMANGeography: Geography:How the Earth is How humans interact

with the Earth.

Physical Geography studies:Landforms, for example mountains, plaines, deserts.Waters, for example rivers, lakes, oceans.Climate, for example weather conditions, temperature, rainfall.Life for example animals, plants.Astronomy (even if it is a Science).

Human Geography studies:Population, for example numbers and distribution.Settlement, for example cities, metropols, villages.Politics, for example states, provinces, etc.Culture, for example languages, religions, traditions.Economy, for example agriculture, industry, etcCommunications, for example means of transport, telecommunication.

Excercise page 4: use Ph: physical; H: human

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Question Time

Da quale lingua viene la parola Geografia?

What's Geography?

What does Phisical Geography study?

What does Human Geography study?

List all the topics under Phisical Geography

List all the topics under Human Geography

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Put the elements in the right column:

Physical Geography Human Geography

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OUR PLANET

Earth's shape: a sphere slightly flattened at poles.Is called Globe

Maximumcircumpherence:40.000 Km

Equator:is an imaginary line and splits the Earth in2 hemispheres.

Rotation Axis:is an imaginary line andjoins the 2 poles.

Total Earth surface: 510million Km2

• 71% water• 29% land

The Earth is one of the 9 planets that with satellites and asteroids move around the Sun: this is the Solar System.

SUN= a star, produces light and heat

Some scientists say Pluto isn't a planet, it's too small.

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The Solar System is in the Milky Way Galaxy

Exercises on your schoolbook: page 5

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Question Time

What's the shape of the Earth?

How long is the Equator?

What's the Equator?

What's the Rotation Axis?

How many Km2 is the Earth's surface?

How much is covered by water?

How many planets are in the Solar System?

What are their names?

What's the Sun?

Where is the Solar System?

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Earth's movements

Video: Rotation and Revolution of Earth

The Earth does 2 movements

• Around its Axis: the RotationRotation takes 24 hours and produces day and night.We don't recognize the movement, we see the Sun moving from East to West.

• Around the Sun: the RevolutionRevolution takes 365 days (and 4 hours), a year, and producesthe four seasons.

Video: Why the seasons?

Seasons depend on how Sun rays hit the surface and it depends on the tilt of the Rotation Axis (23.5°)

In the 2 hemispheres the seasons are exchenged.

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Exercises page 6

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Equinoxes and Soltices

We live in Northern hemisphere and here we have:

2 EQUINOXES, same duration of hours of day and night:Spring Equinox, 21st March, Autumn Equinox, 23rd September.

2 SOLSTICES, longest hour of day or night:Summer Solstice, 21st June (longest hours of day)Winter Solstice 22nd December (longest hours of night)

In the Southern Hemisphere is the opposite (spring with autumn, winter with summer).

Excercise page 7

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Question Time

How many movements does the Earth do?

What's Rotation?

What does the Revolution produce?

What are the name of the seasons?

Why are the seasons?

How many degrees is the tilt of the Rotation Axis?

What season is now in Australia (southern emisphere)?

What does Equinox mean?

What day is the longest of the year in Northern Hemisphere?

What day is 23rd September?

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Orientation

How can I find direction?

1. During the DAY you can look at the SUN PATH

Sun goes from East to West, at 12:00 is at South.

2. During the NIGHT, look at STARS

In the NORTHERN HEMISPHERE:The NorthStar Or Pole Star is always at North.

In the SOURTHERN HEMISPHERE:The Southern Cross is always at South.

3.Use a COMPASS

It has a magnetised needle which always points North.

Exercises page 8

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FIND A PLACE ON EARTH'S SURFACE

Video: Latitude and Longitude

Parallels are imaginary lines that run east to west on the Earth's surface.The Equator is a parallel, is the startingpoint to measure latitude (it's 0°).

Parallels at north of Equator are marked with an N. and Parallels at south of Equator are marked with an S.North Pole is 90° N and South Pole is 90° S

Latitude is the distance of a point from Equator. It's measured in degrees.

Meridians are imaginary lines that run north to south on the Earth's surface.The starting point to measure Longitude is the Prime Meridian or Greenwich Meridian (it passes through Royal Greenwich Observatory inGreenwich, UK).

Meridians run from 0° to 180°

180° is called the International Date Line.

Meridians at East of Prime Meridian are marked with an E. and Meridians at West of Prime Meridian are marked with a W.

Longitude is the distance of a point from Prime Meridian. It's measured in degrees.

Any place on the Earth can be described with 2 numbers: Latitude and Longitude.

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Video: Longitude and Latitude Song

Excercises page 9 + Excercises sheets

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Question Time

Name of the cardinal points in English:

Complete the adjectives:Northern, Southern,

What can I use to orientate myself in the night?

Where is sunrise?

What's the Southern Cross?

Where does the needle of a compass point?

What's a parallel?

What Latitude is the North Pole?

Where is 0° Longitude?

What does Latutude measure?

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MAPS

A map is a drawing of the Earth's surface. A book of maps is called Atlas.

The cartographer does the map.

Maps uses symbols to represents different things: cities, mountains, highways, etc

The Legend explains symbols used in a map (look page 28, can yousee the legend?).

The Earths surface doesn't fit in a paper, so cartographers use a scale.Scale: relationship between a certain distance on the map and the distance on the ground.

There're 2 types of scale:• Ratio or Representative Fraction (RF) = indicates how

many units on the earth's surface is equal to one unit on the map. Exemple: 1:100,000 - one centimeter on the map equals100,000 cm (1 km)

• A graphic scale = it is a line marked with distance on the ground which the map user can use along with a ruler to determine scale on the map.

Exercise page 10

There're different types of maps:

• Physical Map: shows the Earth's surface, for example rivers, mountains, hills, plains, etc.

• Political Map: shows countries, states, cities and national borders.

• Thematic Map: shows a particular topic. For example natural resources (gas, minerals, wood, metals).

• Demographic Map: shows density with colors.

Search in your book a map for each type.

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TABLES AND CHARTS

In Geography you also need tables and charts to organize data.

A table is organized in rows and columns. Data are contained in cells. Rows and columns may have a heading to explain the type of data contained.

Line chart: used to indicate a trend in a period of time.

Bar Chart: compares data.

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2013 2014 2015 20160

50

100

150

200

Iscritti Ardigò

2013 2014 2015 20160

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40

60

80

100

Maschi

Femmine

Pie Chart: shows how given entity is divided.

In your book there're a pie chart and a line chart, find it.Excercise page: L74.

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Anzani

Rodari

Raiberti

Rubinovic

Altre

Question Time

Who is the cartographer?

Why do we use scale on maps?

What can I find in a legend?

What's in a Phisical Map?

Where can I see the border of my country?

Where can I see density?

Table parts are:

Where can I see a trend?

Where can I see a comparison?

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