Geography

Paul Guinnessand Garrett Nagle

• Introduction

D Population and Settlement

Unit 1 Population dynamics

Changes in world population growthFaetors influeneing population growthFaetors affeeting fertilityThe demographie transition modelContrasting patterns of population growthPopulation struetureConsequenees of different patterns of population growthPopulation growth and resoureesInfluenees on population distribution and densityPopulation movements

Unit 2 Types of settlements

IturalsetuementSettlement hierarehyFaetors affeeting the size, growth and funetion of semementsUrban land useInterna! strueture of towns and eitiesProblems assoeiated with urban growthUrban problems in LEDCsSolutions to urban problemsManaging urban problemsUrbanisation and the environment

EJ The Natural EnvironmentUnit 1 Plate tectonics

Strueture, landforms and landseape proeessesPlate movement and boundariesVolcanoesEarthquakes

Unit 2 Landforms and landscape processes

WeatheringControls of weatheringLandforms assoeiated with limestoneGranitelliver proeessesLandseapes of river erosionLandseapes or river depositionMarine proeessesLandseapes of marine erosionLandseapes or marine depositionCoral reefs

VIII

13367

1014161922

2729303436434546485155

55575862

6667687070727475777882

•

Contents

•

Unit 3 Weather, c1imate and natural vegetationThe weather stationRecording the weatherClimates associated with tropical rainforests and hot desertsFactors affecting climateTropical rainforestsHot deserts

Unit 4 Inter-relationships of physical and human geographyVolcanic eruptionsTectonic hazards in the CaribbeanTropical stormsFloodsDroughtOpportunities and hazards in rainforestsOpportunities and hazards in deserts

EI Economic Development and the Use of ResourcesUnit 1 Agricultural systems

Agricultural systemsPlantations: rubber in MalaysiaExtensive commercial cereals: the Canadian PrairiesExtensive livestock production: sheep farming in AustraliaIntensive rice production : the lower Ganges valleyShifting cultivation in the Amazon BasinCauses and effects of food shortagesFood aid and the green revolution

Unit 2 Industrial systems

Classification of industryIndustrial systemsFactors affecting the location of industryHigh-technology industry: Ottawa and BangaloreSlovakia: the car industry expands rapidly

Unit 3 Leisure activities and tourism

The growth of leisure and tourismThe benefits and disadvantages of tourism to receiving areasJamaica: the benefits and disadvantages associated with the

growth of tourismSustainable tourism

Unit 4 Energy and water resourcesFuelwood in LEDCsNon-renewable and renewable energy suppliesFactors affecting the siting of power stationsWater uses, competition and management

84878990,9193

95969899101103104

107

107109110112113115117119

121123124124127

130133

136137

140141145147

Contents

Unit 5 Environmental risksand benefits: resourceconservationand managementSustainabledevelopment and resource management/

conservation in different environments 152Agriculture: risks and benefits 154Manufacturing industry: risks and benefits 155Energy: risks and benefits 157Tourism: risks and benefits 159Transport: risks and benefits 161

11 Geographical Skills and Investigations 163Unit 1 Geographical skillsSc~e 163Grid and square references 164Direction 164Relief and gradient 164Describing river landscapes 165Coast~ landforms 169Rural settlement 170Urban settlement 172Pie charts and bar charts 174Scatter graphs and triangular graphs 175Sketch maps and annotated photographs 176

Unit 2 Geographical investigationsSequenceof investigation 178Formulating aims and hypotheses 178Data collection 178Data presentation techniques 186Data an~ysis 189Formulation of conclusions 189Ev~uation 189

• Glossary of Command Words 193

• Index 194