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Geography of the Periodic Table
Unit 4 – Periodic TableMrs. Callender
Lesson Essential Question:
What information does the periodic table tell me?
Horizontal Row on a periodic table is called a PERIOD.
The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.
The elements in any group of the periodic table have similar physical and chemical properties!
MetalsMETALS
-Good conductors of heat and electricity.
-Malleable
-Ductile
-High tensile strength
-Have a luster
-Lose electrons becoming positive ions.
Metalloids-Properties of both metals and nonmetals.
-More brittle than metals but less brittle than nonmetals.
-Semiconductors of electricity.
-High tensile strength.
-Lose and gain electrons to get to happy eight land.
SemiconductorAnything that's computerized or uses radio waves depends on semiconductors. Today, most semiconductor chips and transistors are created with silicon. "Silicon Valley" and the "silicon economy -- silicon is the heart of any electronic device.
Nonmetals-Poor conductors of heat and electricity.
-Tend to be brittle.
-Many are gaseous at room temperature.
HYDROGEN• Hydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.• Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.• Hydrogen was involved in
the explosion of the Hindenburg.
• Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles
ALKALI METALSVery reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).
Soft enough to cut with a butter knife
S1 Electrons
Reactivity increases as you move down the column.
ALKALI METALS
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.
Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
NOBLE GASES – INERT GASESElements in group 18
VERY unreactive, monatomic gases
Used in lighted “neon” signs
Used in blimps to fix the Hindenburg problem.
Have a full valence shell.
NOBLE GASES – INERT GASES
TRANSITION METALS
• Elements in groups 3-12• Less reactive harder
metals• Includes metals used in
jewelry and construction.• Metals used “as metal.”
RARE EARTH METALS
RARE EARTH METALSElement Etymology Uses
Promethium For Titan Promethius who brought fire to mortals. Nuclear Batteries
Thulium For the mythical northern land of Thule. Portable X-ray machines
Cerium Dwarf planet Ceres.Yellow color in glass and ceramics, Self cleaning ovens and cracking catalyst in oil refineries.
Dysprosium From the Greek “dysporsitos” meaning hard to get. Rare earth magnets and lasers
Lutetitium For Lutetia, the city which became Paris.
PET scan detectors, high refractive index glass.
Halogens• Have seven valence electrons. s2p5
Gain 1 electron, -1 charge.• Never found pure in nature
because they are too reactive.• Fluorine is the most reactive.• In their pure form they are
diatomic, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Chalcogens• Have six valence electrons. s2p4
Gain 2 electrons, -2 charge.