Geologic StructureGeologic Structureand Seismic Analysisand Seismic Analysis

TrentonTrenton––Black River Research ConsortiumBlack River Research ConsortiumMarch 29, 2005March 29, 2005Columbus, OHColumbus, OH

Kentucky Geological SurveyJohn B. Hickman, Paul D. Lake, David C. Harris, and James A. Drahovzal

Structure and Seismic AnalysisStructure and Seismic AnalysisStructure and isopach mapsStructure and isopach maps–– Base of Devonian ShaleBase of Devonian Shale–– Ordovician (top)Ordovician (top)–– Kope FmKope Fm–– Utica ShaleUtica Shale–– Trenton FmTrenton Fm–– Black River LsBlack River Ls–– Knox UnconformityKnox Unconformity–– Basal SandstonesBasal Sandstones

(needed as hydrothermal fluid conduit for dolomitization?)(needed as hydrothermal fluid conduit for dolomitization?)–– Top of Precambrian BasementTop of Precambrian Basement–– Major structural features (esp. those affecting dolomitization)Major structural features (esp. those affecting dolomitization)

Assist in evaluating zones of potential hydrothermal Assist in evaluating zones of potential hydrothermal dolomite developmentdolomite development

Outline of TasksOutline of TasksData AcquisitionData Acquisition

–– Seismic, well logs, and stratigraphic well topsSeismic, well logs, and stratigraphic well tops

Load Seismic dataLoad Seismic data–– Digital SEGY files into Kingdom SuiteDigital SEGY files into Kingdom Suite–– Raster images into PetraSeisRaster images into PetraSeis

Load Well DataLoad Well Data–– Digital LAS files into Kingdom Suite & PetraDigital LAS files into Kingdom Suite & Petra–– Raster images into PetraRaster images into Petra

Load Preliminary Load Preliminary (i.e. any available)(i.e. any available) Well TopsWell Tops

Outline, con’t.Outline, con’t.Use sonic logs for synthetic seismogram creation Use sonic logs for synthetic seismogram creation

and creation of velocity modeland creation of velocity modelCorrelate log tops to reflecting seismic horizonsCorrelate log tops to reflecting seismic horizonsInterpret stratigraphy and structure from seismicInterpret stratigraphy and structure from seismicUse velocity model to transform depths in time to Use velocity model to transform depths in time to

depths in feet subseadepths in feet subseaCreate 3D surfaces from seismic horizon and well Create 3D surfaces from seismic horizon and well

based stratigraphic tops elevationsbased stratigraphic tops elevationsMerge products with those of the other members Merge products with those of the other members

of TBRRCof TBRRC

Newly Acquired Seismic DataNewly Acquired Seismic DataTwo new analog (paper copies) and three new Two new analog (paper copies) and three new digital (SEGY) Ohio seismic lines have been digital (SEGY) Ohio seismic lines have been received and loadedreceived and loadedThree new digital (SEGThree new digital (SEG--Y) field scale seismic Y) field scale seismic lines from eastern Kentucky have been received lines from eastern Kentucky have been received (from ABARTA) and loaded into Kingdom (from ABARTA) and loaded into Kingdom SuiteSuite™™ softwaresoftwareTwo new digital (SEGTwo new digital (SEG--Y) regional seismic lines Y) regional seismic lines from central Ohio have been loaded into Kingdom from central Ohio have been loaded into Kingdom SuiteSuite™™ software (reprocessed COCORP lines)software (reprocessed COCORP lines)

Current Seismic Data LoadedCurrent Seismic Data Loaded

Well Data LoadedWell Data Loaded

Total of 402 digital well log files loaded into Petra Total of 402 digital well log files loaded into Petra and Kingdom Suite software projectsand Kingdom Suite software projects–– Includes sonic logs for 114 wellsIncludes sonic logs for 114 wells

PreliminaryPreliminary set of tops loaded: set of tops loaded: –– 831 KY wells831 KY wells–– 103 OH wells103 OH wells–– 644 NY wells644 NY wells–– 101 PA wells101 PA wells–– 22 WV wells22 WV wells

Well Tops Picked or LoadedWell Tops Picked or Loaded

Current set of tops being picked for project: Current set of tops being picked for project: –– Ohio ShaleOhio Shale–– Top of OrdovicianTop of Ordovician–– Kope ShKope Sh–– Point Pleasant FmPoint Pleasant Fm–– Trenton FmTrenton Fm–– Black River GpBlack River Gp–– Deike and Millbrig BentonitesDeike and Millbrig Bentonites–– Wells Creek DolomiteWells Creek Dolomite

Well Tops Picked or Loaded, con’t.Well Tops Picked or Loaded, con’t.

Current set of tops being picked for project: Current set of tops being picked for project: –– St. Peter SandstoneSt. Peter Sandstone–– Knox UnconformityKnox Unconformity–– Rose Run SandstoneRose Run Sandstone–– Conasauga GpConasauga Gp–– Rome FmRome Fm–– Basal & Mt. Simon SsBasal & Mt. Simon Ss–– Precambrian UnconformityPrecambrian Unconformity

METERS

0 102,132

PETRA 3/25/2005 8:54:47 AM

Wells used for preliminary correlationsWells used for preliminary correlations

Southern App. Velocity ModelSouthern App. Velocity ModelContinuing to assist in timeContinuing to assist in time--toto--depth depth calculations of seismic horizons, and aiding in calculations of seismic horizons, and aiding in stratigraphic correlation in areas of low stratigraphic correlation in areas of low resolution dataresolution dataA sixteen layer regional velocity model for the A sixteen layer regional velocity model for the Southern Appalachian area, with an average Southern Appalachian area, with an average error < 5%, based on well dataerror < 5%, based on well dataQuality checking horizon tops based on time Quality checking horizon tops based on time calculations ongoingcalculations ongoing

New Northern Region Velocity ModelNew Northern Region Velocity Model

Created to help determine the timeCreated to help determine the time--toto--depth of depth of seismic horizons, and to aid in stratigraphic seismic horizons, and to aid in stratigraphic correlation in areas of low resolution datacorrelation in areas of low resolution dataFormation tops from 745 wells, and sonic logs Formation tops from 745 wells, and sonic logs from 53 LAS files were used from the deep from 53 LAS files were used from the deep wells in PA and NY wells in PA and NY Sonic log data averaged with petrophysical Sonic log data averaged with petrophysical software (Petrasoftware (Petra®®) within groups of strata ) within groups of strata resulted in precise interval velocitiesresulted in precise interval velocities

New Velocity Model, con’t.New Velocity Model, con’t.

Interval velocities of sixteen layers (groups of Interval velocities of sixteen layers (groups of strata) corresponding to possible seismic horizons strata) corresponding to possible seismic horizons were gridded over PA & NY project area, and were gridded over PA & NY project area, and edited for known fault trendsedited for known fault trends

In wells without sonic logs, internal velocities In wells without sonic logs, internal velocities were calculated by the creating sonic log grids. were calculated by the creating sonic log grids. These grids then were used to calculate the depth These grids then were used to calculate the depth of formation tops in time.of formation tops in time.

Synthetic SeismogramsSynthetic Seismograms

Trenton-Black River

Interpretation of Current DataInterpretation of Current Data

Initial framework of 648 deep well’s tops in Initial framework of 648 deep well’s tops in KY completeKY completeInfilling with shallower wells, and addition of Infilling with shallower wells, and addition of additional related members beginningadditional related members beginningInitial interpretation of NY, PA, and WV Initial interpretation of NY, PA, and WV seismic horizons complete, OH and KY seismic horizons complete, OH and KY nearing completionnearing completionQC and “fine tuning” of horizon picks ongoingQC and “fine tuning” of horizon picks ongoing

Seismic Interpretation

A

0 sec.

1 sec.

2 sec.

3 sec.

NY-PAA A’

1 sec.

2 sec.

3 sec.

B B’0 sec. NY-PA

Paul Lake, 2004

A

A’B’

B

Northern Rome Northern Rome TroughTrough Section, WVSection, WV

NW SE

J. Hickman, 2004

Eastern KY Rome Trough SectionEastern KY Rome Trough Section

J. Hickman, 2004

SN

WV Wrench Fault with Trenton SagWV Wrench Fault with Trenton Sag

Trenton

Knox

Conasauga

PC Basement

Rome

Preliminary Tully Two Way Time StructurePreliminary Tully Two Way Time Structure

Preliminary Trenton 2Preliminary Trenton 2--Way Time StructureWay Time Structure

GriddingGridding horizons across adjacent horizons across adjacent seismic linesseismic lines

PC map combining wells & seismicPC map combining wells & seismic

Ordovician seismic responseOrdovician seismic response

Regional differences in seismic character of the Trenton-Black River interval

How does local stratigraphy affect the How does local stratigraphy affect the seismic image? seismic image?

Trenton IsopachLexington platform

Trenton Platform

Interplatform sub-basin

Trenton Isopach (ODGS)Trenton Isopach (ODGS)

Trenton Trenton IsopachIsopach

Schuyler Co, NY Trenton shelf

edge

Trenton Trenton IsopachIsopach

Broome Co, NY Trenton distal

shelf

Trenton Trenton IsopachIsopach

Sandusky Co, OH Trenton, off

Galena Platform shelf

Trenton

PC Basement

Trenton Trenton IsopachIsopach

Delaware Co, OH Trenton, Sebree

sub-basin

Trenton Trenton IsopachIsopach

Harrison Co, OH near eastern Trenton shelf

Trenton Trenton IsopachIsopach

Clay Co, WV above Rome

Trough

Trenton Trenton IsopachIsopach

Leslie Co, KY above Rome

Trough

What’s Next?What’s Next?

Create regional fault trend mapsCreate regional fault trend maps

Interpret magnitude and age of Interpret magnitude and age of movement along fault trendsmovement along fault trends

Assist with interpretation of possible Assist with interpretation of possible fairways of high reservoir potentialfairways of high reservoir potential

REYNOLDS & VINCEN 1 WILSON, H

REYNOLDS & VINCEN 1 BARTLETT, CLREYNOLDS & VINCEN 1 HAYNES, H C

LAKE RONEL OIL CO 119-41 STANLEYCONOCO, INC 1 TURNER, MARK

CONOCO, INC 1 SHAIN, ISAACKentucky Geological Survey

Rough Creek Fault Dolomite

POSTED WELL DATA

Well Label

WELL SYMBOLSPlugged and Abandoned

FEET

0 25,000

June 5, 2004

PETRA 6/5/2004 10:53:56 PM

Tectonic Dolomitization, Rough Creek Fault ZoneOhio and Grayson Counties, Ky.

OHIO

GRAYSONSebree Trough

D. C. Harris, 2004

Note tight dolomite in Black Riverinterval in center 4 wells. Conocowells on ends are undolomitized.

CONOCO, INC1

TURNER, MARK1614983637

REYNOLDS & VINCENT, INC1

BARTLETT, CLARENCE1618332397

LAKE RONEL OIL CO119-41

STANLEY, H B1618373864

REYNOLDS & VINCENT, INC1

HAYNES, H C1618332974

REYNOLDS & VINCENT, INC1

WILSON, HENA1608532405

CONOCO, INC1

SHAIN, ISAAC1608584483

<40,305FT> <49,786FT> <7,906FT> <57,596FT> <12,559FT>

-40 120GAMMA

6 16CALIPER

0 10PE

2 3RHOB

0 200GR

6 16CALI

0 10PEF

2 3RHOB

PENCIL_CAVE_BENTONITE PENCIL_CAVE_BENTONITE

KNOX_GROUPKNOX_GROUP

TRENTONTRENTON

BLACK_RIVER BLACK_RIVER

3000

3200

3400

3600

3800

4000

4200

4400

4600

4800

5000

5200

5400

5600

5800

1600

1800

2000

2200

2400

2600

2800

3000

3200

3400

3600

3800

4000

4200

4400

RelDepth

RelDepth

-1550 -1550

-1350 -1350

-1150 -1150

-950 -950

-750 -750

-550 -550

-350 -350

-150 -150

50 50

250 250

450 450

650 650

850 850

1050 1050

1250 1250

1450 1450

HS=7095

SW NE

PETRA 6/5/2004 10:19:50 PM

D. C. Harris, 2004

Central Southern New YorkCentral Southern New York

SouthSouth--Southeast New YorkSoutheast New York

West Central West Central OhioOhio

North Central OhioNorth Central Ohio

East Central OhioEast Central Ohio

Central WVCentral WVSoutheastern Southeastern KYKY