George Washington 1st President Problems with other nations (Foreign) Problems at home (Domestic)

Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign

French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Native Americans Tariff

Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party

(factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

American Economy at this point Mostly Agriculture Businesses were just getting started Manufacturing is in its infancy (just a baby)

What’s manufacturing? It is when you buy some cotton and make it (manufacture)

into a T-shirt.

We sold the cotton and other raw materials to European nations…ie.. France, England, Spain

Foreign Businesses Been manufacturing for years.

Very good at it, lots of factories and mills. Very little raw materials

Depended on us and other nations for raw materials.

What’s a raw material? What’s used to make something else

Cotton is the raw material in T-shirts Sugar can is the raw material for Rum

Tariff Issue A tariff is a tax on a foreign imported

good.

U.S. Tarif

f

We c

harge 5

0%Spain

England

France

U.S. Foreign business T-shirts $5.00

American BusinessT-shirts

$7.00

When your shopping who’s ya gonna buy?$$$$The Cheapest One!!$$$$

QuestionsDo the foreign business like this? Do American Businesses like this?Do American Consumers like this?

Who does this favor a farmer or a big businessman?What can (if anything) the U.S. government do?

Foreign T-shirts now $7.50

$$$Now Who’s ya gonna buy?$$$$$$$The Cheapest One!!$$$$

QuestionsDo the foreign business like this? Do American Businesses like this?Do American Consumers like this?

Who does this favor a farmer or a big businessman?What can (if anything) the U.S. government do?

A tariff is a tax on a foreign imported good.

Issue: Hurts southern farmers and poor Helps protect Northern businessmen Causes tensions Raises foreign relations issues

Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign

French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Native Americans Tariff

Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party

(factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

Washington and our New Government Cabinet-Chief

advisors TJ-Sec. Of State AH-Treasury ($) Henry Knox-war

dept (general) Edmund Randolph-

AG (lawyer)

No two men could be more different than Jefferson and Hamilton

Differences between these to guys

Thomas Jefferson Farmer (Southerner)

Believed in strong state and local gov’t.

Favored and trusted common person.

LOCALIST

Alexander Hamilton Businessman (Northerner)

Believed in strong Federal gov’t.

Wealthy and educated in control.

NATIONALIST

Big questions for the New Nation Power of Federal Government (scope)

What should it do? Political Ideology

How should it? Who gets the power?

So about ourBig questions for the New Nation

Power of Federal Government (scope)? Political Ideology?

Do these guys agree on any of these?

NO! What might form because of these two men?

First two Political Parties in U.S.History

Jeffersonian-Republicans

Federalist

Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign

French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff

Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party

(factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

The First Congress

Approved Bill of Rights Passed whiskey excise

tax Which caused the

Whiskey rebellion! !Nice job guys!

Judiciary Act of 1789 Most important thing of

the first congress Set up a system of

federal courts Chief Justice 5 Justices 13 districts Inferior federal courts

Established federal judicial review of state made laws

Whiskey Rebellion

Washington uses power of new Army to enforce the collection of the tax and rebellion put down.

FEDERAL POWER

Mingo Creek PA Farmers conducting an armed revolt against tax collectors.

Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign

French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff

Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party

(factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

Hamilton’s Economic Plan National debt problem (we owe a bunch of $) Here is how we’ll get it

Excise tax-tax on specific goods (cigarettes, liquor, etc)

Establishment of national bank (The BUS) Benefited businessmen and merchants but not

farmers Suggested moving the capital from NY to a

city in the South (D.C.) to gain support for his plan from southerners

Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign

French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff

Domestic Forming a Judiciary Cabinet Debt and the BUS Political Party

(factions) formation Whiskey Rebellion Tariff

Revolution in France Rebels revolt in

France against Tyrannical King

American sentiments (feelings) are split Support rebels???? Or Not????

The Beginning of Foreign Policy French Revolution-

Britain declares war on France. Both countries ask USA to be an ally.

Hamilton favors Britain. Jefferson favors France.

France sends Edmond (Citizen) Genet to get U.S. support. “Rico Suave’ Genet” GW is furious and demands he leave!

???What is old GW gonna do??? Washington declares

NEUTRALITY Stay out of it!

This is a really big deal!

Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign

French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Native Americans Tariff

Domestic

Treaties Jay Treaty

Dealing with Great Britain removed British from Appalachians Gave most favored status

Pinckney Treaty Dealing with Spain

US gets access to N. Orleans stay out of Floridian Spanish territory.

Washington’s big issues to deal with Foreign

French Revolution Genet affair Pinckney Treaty Jay’s Treaty Tariff

Domestic

Washington’s Farewell Address UNITY, UNITY, UNITY Stay out of permanent foreign alliances. Avoid sectionalism-division in our country

In other words do NOT form political parties. Did we listen to George’s advice and

warnings?

Election of 1796 John Adams v. Thomas Jefferson

Adams Federalist Former VP to Washington

Jefferson Democratic-Republican Former Sec.of State

John Adams Adams wins

Constitution stated runner-up should be VP.

Federalist President and Republican VP

Jay Treaty creates issues Angers French – they plunder 90 U.S.

Ships and impress sailors Adams sends ambassador to meet with

French ambassador Talleyrand.

XYZ, Alien and Sedition Acts XYZ

French ask for bribes to negotiate

Nation is furious

Alien Act Allow the Pres to

deport or jail any “undesirable” alien.

Sedition Act Set fines and jail for

any person trying to hinder the gov’t

Could not say anything false or malicious about government.

What freedom does this violate? The 1st Amendment!!!

Jefferson’s Response to Alien and Sedition Acts Jefferson and James Madison

pass Virginia and Kentucky Resolution. Stated that states have a right to nullify (void)

any law deemed unconstitutional. Because the law violates the 1stAmend.

Struggle of power between Federalist and Republicans continue.

Or between federal gov’t and state gov’t. Localist vs. Nationalist

Political Climate Federalists

Favor Britain Loose a little with

JAY Treaty

Passed alien acts Passed sedition acts

Feds loose over the above

Loose interpretation

Democratic –Republicans Favor French

Loose a little w/ XYZ

Passed Virginia and Kentucky resolves DR’s win over the

above

Strict interpretation

Summary Adam’s Presidency XYZ affair Alien and Sedition Acts French peace compromise

Gave him a bad name with his own party “Midnight Appointments”

Selection of federal judges

The Election of 1800 John Adams

Federalist For Businessmen Industry Nation over states

Thomas Jefferson Democratic

republican For farmers States rights Simple gov’t

Jefferson WINS “Revolution of 180

0”

Jefferson’s Presidency Marbury v. Madison in Adam’s midnight justice scheme.

Began judicial review. Power of S.Court to declare laws passed by Congress to be

unconstitutional. Jefferson sent J. Monroe to buy New Orleans from France.

Napoleon would only sell all of Louisiana. Doubled size of USA. $15 million. Jefferson exercised a loose interpretation of Constitution.

Jefferson sends Lewis and Clark to explore to new Frontier Embargo of 1807-stop trade with foreign countries. Hurt

northern businesses. Hartford Convention-north threatens to secede.

The road to War in 1812

Indian resistance Attack pioneer settlers

expanding westward Tecumseh

led and Indian confederation

Join in an alliance with Great Britain

British Supplying Indians

weapons Treatment of US ships

War Hawks Young politicians

Henry Clay John C. Calhoun

Desired expansion westward

Cut ties w/ Britain

War of 1812 William Harrison

defeats Tecumseh at Tippecanoe. Treaty of Ghent-

Ends War boundary 49th parallel

Battle of New Orleans- Andy Jackson hero.

Industrial Revolution Growth of industry in America Power driven machines = mass production Samuel Slater-textile machines to US (north)

from England. Fuels need for more southern cotton. Eli’s cotton gin allows more efficient production Fuels the need for more slaves.

Henry Clay’s American System Plan to unify country economically = self

sufficient (no imports) Internal improvements in America

Roads, canals, bridges for easy transportation Protective tariff Increase power of national bank.

Erie Canal-connects Midwest (Ohio) to New York (Atlantic)

Court Cases and the Federal Governments power

Gibbons v. Ogden-1824 federal gov’t regulates interstate

commerce. McCulloch v. Maryland-1819

state can’t tax federal bank. Both cases ruled on by Chief Justice John

Marshall (nationalist).

Big Events with Monroe Sec. of State J.Q. Adams under Pres. Monroe

Adams-Onis Treaty- Spain gave us FL and left Oregon.

Pres. Monroe- Monroe Doctrine-warns Europe to stay out of

Western Hemisphere = N. and S. America Creating new colonies will be considered

“dangerous to our safety.” We will stay out of European affairs.

Monroe Doctrine

•What is Uncle Sam’s advice in this cartoon?

Age of Jackson Lost 1824 Election-Corrupt

Bargain Henry Clay dropped out of

race to get support for American System.

1828 Campaign-appeal to common folk; “Old Hickory” Practiced Spoils system or

patronage; reward jobs to friends.

Nationalism and westward expansion

Factors Push-forced to leave because of population explosion,

competition for jobs, and resources. Pull-attracted by free land and opportunities for

growth. Missouri Compromise

Admission of new states Issues

10 states to 10 states in the Senate ????slaves or not????

36/30

Native Americans Indian Removal Act 1830

assimilation failed trying to blend Indians into Whitey’s society.

Displacement wins Remove them from the land Trail of tears

Worcester v. Georgia 1832 Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee

State’s Rights and National Bank

Brits angry about War of 1812-flood US with cheap goods. Congress passes tariff and

increased twice.

John C. Calhoun of South Carolina called it the Tariff of Abominations 1828. Calhoun devised nullification

theory-void federal law.John C. Calhoun

State’s Rights Man

South responds SC rebels-

state’s rights to nullify threaten to secede.

Jackson threatens to hang Calhoun and send in Army.

Henry Clay compromises-tariff lessens over 10 years.

Then he forms Whig Party-upset with Democrats.

Andrew Jackson’s legacy War of 1812 hero Battled Bank of United States (BUS)

Created State banks (Pet Banks) Wildcat banks printed their own money

Jackson makes Gold and Silver only acceptable “specie” for land payment. Paper money is worthless

Martin Van Buren, Harrison and Tyler Martin Van Buren

inherits bad economy.

Panic of 1837-banks shut down; recession

William Harrison dies 30 days into

office. “Tippecanoe and Tyler too.” –Campaign slogan.

Tyler takes over “His

accidency”. Only on ballot to get southern votes.

Reform in America 2nd Great Awakening-religious revival. Hudson River School-

painted pictures to glorify the Am. landscape.

Transcendentalism-emphasizes simple life and celebrate nature and emotions. Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau

Practice civil disobedience-peacefully disobey laws.

Hudson River School-paintings that glorify American landscapes.

Henry David Thoreau•Lived near Walden Pond.

•Lived in the woods.

•Refused to pay taxes to help support war with Mexico.

•Practiced civil disobedience

•Truth is found in nature and emotions.

Reforms in Schools and Prisons Dorthea Dix-

reform of mental hospitals and jails. Horace Mann-

compulsory education for students of all ages.

Slaves and reform Abolition-movement to abolish (get rid of)

slavery. William Lloyd Garrison- The Liberator; anti-

slave paper. Frederick Douglass-born a slave; moved

north read Liberator. Nat Turner-unsuccessful slave revolt.

Women and Reform Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott-

Seneca Falls Convention in New York; women’s rights.

Sarah and Angelina Grimke-SC daughters of a slave owner; spoke out against slavery.

Women’s Christian Temperance Union-prohibit alcohol.

Sojourner Truth-freed slave turned abolitionist;women’s rights.