Georgia Book

8/6/2019 Georgia Book

1/42

My Georgia Book[Type the document subtitle]

[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typicallya short summary of the contents of the document. Type theabstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a shortsummary of the contents of the document.]

2011

BY: Tiffanie DraughnMr. Holmes5/12/2011


2/42

ContentsHistory of The State ..................................................................................... 2

Geography of the state ................................................................................. 7

Rivers in Georgia. ........................................................................................ 7

State Symbols............................................................................................. 8

Other State Seals ...................................................................................... 19

Famous Georgians ..................................................................................... 20

Georgias Local Government ........................................................................ 32

Top Five Universities and Colleges in Georgia ................................................. 33

My Favorite Places ..................................................................................... 34

Pro Sports ................................................................................................ 35


3/42

History of The StateGeorgia was The one of the original 13 colonies to take part in the formation of our union. It became a state

(achieved statehood) when it became the fourth state to approve (ratify) the United States Constitution onJanuary 2, 1788.

The Colony of Georgia Founded ... Georgia, was the 13th and last colony to be established. James Edward

Oglethorpe was the moving force behind the founding of the colony. Oglethorpe was a wealthy Londoner

who spent his life working with the poor.

Savannah was the site of the first permanent European settlement in Georgia, according to georgia.gov. In

1733, English settlers landed at Yamacraw Bluff along the Savannah River and founded the 13th

American colony.

About 35 families were given the honor to settle Georgia, 114 people in all. Each settler of the new land wasto receive free passage, land, tools, and supplies to help get him started. On 17 November 1732, the ship

"Ann" began the task of carrying OGLETHORPE and the first colonists to Georgia.


4/42

Paleo Indians

The earliest known culture is that of the Paleo Indians, whose culture lasted until about 10,000 years ago.

The word Paleo comes from the Greek and means very old or long ago. Early people sometimes can be

identified by the material they used to make knives, scrapers, and points for spears. Because most tools and

spear points used by the people of this culture were made of stone, this period is referred to as thepaleolithic (old stone) age.

The Paleo culture also used an amazing invention called an atlatl. This smooth stone sling-like implement

threw darts far more accurately than if they were thrown by hand. It was like a human missile launcher. It

enabled the Paleo hunters to kill animals for food from far away rather than forcing them to get too close to

their prey. The Paleo people were nomadic (roaming) hunters who wandered from place to place following

herds of large animals. Hunters used long wooden spears to kill large animals such as mammoths, bison,

ground sloths, and mastodons, which they then used for food. Archaeologists have also found large

numbers of animal bones at the bases of cliffs. This leads them to believe that, at times, the hunters chased

the animals over the cliffs to kill them for food. Remains of their dwelling places indicate that Paleo people

lived in groups of 25 to 50 people. Because these people moved around, however, they did not leave many

artifacts in any one place. Only a few Paleo sites have been found in Georgia. Archaeologists have

uncovered artifacts from the Paleo period in the Savannah River area, in the Ocmulgee River area, and in

the Flint River at Albany.


5/42

Archaic Indians

Early Archaic Period

During the early Archaic period, from about 8000 B.C. to about 5000 B.C., the people still hunted large

game. These animals, however, slowly became extinct either because of climate changes or because too many

of them were killed. Whatever the reason, Archaic Indians began hunting smaller game, such as deer, bear,

turkey, and rabbit. Hunters made their spears and points smaller. The people also began to eat reptiles,

game birds, and fish. The early Archaic people invented useful items, such as choppers, drills, and

chipping tools made from deer antlers. Some of the stone artifacts found in Georgia are made from rock not

often found in this state but common in other parts of the country. This has led archaeologists to think there

was some trading among different groups of Indians. Middle Archaic Period

Geographers tell us that by 5000 B.C., when the middle Archaic period began, the area grew warm and dry.

Water levels along rivers and the coastalareas receded (moved back), and the people began to eat shellfish,

such as mussels and clams. Scientists have found hooks made from animal bones that came from this

period. These hooks were sometimes on the ends of long spears that were weighted in the middle withpolished stones. Because hunters could throw the weighted spears long distances, food became easier to get.

Finding more food meant the people did not need to move as often as they once had. Evidence also suggests

that several small groups joined together to establish camps.

Late Archaic Period

A common artifact from the late Archaicperiod (4000 B.C. to 1000 B.C.) is the grooved axe. Indians made

this tool by putting a stone axe head on a wooden handle. Excavations (archaeological diggings) of late

Archaic settlements indicate that axes were used to clear trees and bushes around the camp. The late Archaic

people also saved seed to plant in the next growing season. It is thought that horticulture, the science of

cultivating plants and trees, began in the late Archaic period.


6/42

Woodland Indians

The Woodland culture developed about 1000 B.C. and lasted until about 1000 A.D. Evidence suggests that,

during that period, several hundred families egan banding together to form tribes. A tribe is a group of

people whoshare a common ancestry, name, and way of living. The tribes lived in villages and built huts as

houses. The Woodland people used small trees and bark to build dome-shaped huts. They stuck the trees

into the ground on one end, then bent them forward at the top and tied them together. They then wove sticks in

and out between the trees to form walls. Sometimes they covered the sides of their huts with cane mats or tree

bark. They made roofs of grass or pieces of bark and left a small opening in the top of the hut so smoke

from cooking fires could get out. They also put fiber mats on the dirt floors for sleeping and sitting.

Hunting became easier for the Woodland culture, a period during which the bow and arrow came into use.

Arrow points were made out of stone, shark teeth, or deer antlers. Fishing, hunting, and gathering nuts and

berries remained important ways of getting food. The people also grew such things as squash, wild greens,

and sunflowers. The Woodland people learned to make pottery last longer. They found clay along river

banks and mixed it with sand. They rolled the mixture into strips and coiled the strips on top of each other

into the shape they wanted. They then made the clay smooth with a rock and water. They used wooden

paddles to make designs on the pottery. After the clay containers dried in the sun, they were baked in a hot

fire to make them hard enough to use for cooking.


7/42

Mississippian Indians

The Mississippian culture is considered to be the highest prehistoric civilization in Georgia. The culture,

which started about 700 A.D., is so called because the first things learned about it were from villages

excavated along the Mississippi River. The Mississippian age, sometimes called the Temple Mound

period, was a time when the people lived in villages, farmed, and were very religious. From archaeological

sites, we learn much about how the Mississippians lived. We know, for example, that the people grew most

of their food. Maize (corn), beans, pumpkins, and squash were all planted together in hills. They knew

tobacco to use in ceremonies. The Mississippians planted in different fields each year so the soil would stay

fertile. They prepared the land with stone or bone hoes and digging sticks. The Mississippians began to

dress and fix their hair differently. Their clothes were less simple, and they wore beads and ear ornaments.

Sometimes theypainted or tattooed their bodies. They also began wearing feather headdresses. Villages grew,

and several thousand families might live in a single settlement. They built centers for religious ceremonies

and as a home for the priest-chief, who was the head of the village. Moats and palisades (wooden fences)often protected the villages. In some Georgia villages, guard towers have been found 100 feet apart along

the palisades, indicating that they needed to defend themselves against tribal enemies.


8/42

Geography of the state

The

total area of Georgia is 59,441 square miles.

Rivers in Georgia.Alapaha River, Alcovy River, Altamaha River, Apalachee River, Broad River, Canoochee River,

Chattahoochee River, Chattooga River (NE GA), Chattooga River (NW GA), Chestatee River, Conasauga

River, Coosa River, Coosawattee River, Etowah River, Flint River, Hiwassee River, Ochlockonee River,

Ocmulgee River, Oconee River, Ogeechee River, Ohoopee River, Oostanaula River, St. Marys River, Satilla

River, Savannah River, Soque River, South River, Suwannee River, Tallapoosa River, Tallulah River

Toccoa River, Tugaloo River,and Yellow River

Major Cities in Georgia

1 Atlanta 420,003

2 Augusta 195,844

3 Columbus 189,885

4 Savannah 136,286

5 Athens 115,452


9/42

State SymbolsState Bird.Brown Thrasher

The brown thrasher officially became Georgias state bird in

1970, although Governor Eugene Talmadgehad issued a proclamation in 1935 naming it a symbol of the

state. Farmers, in particular, like to see the longbeakedbird nesting in low bushes on their land because the

thrashers diet includes grasshoppers, worms, and caterpillars, which can be destructive to crops.


10/42

State ButterflyTiger Swallowtail Butterfly

The tiger swallowtail butterfly was named the statebutterfly in 1988. This gorgeous butterfly has large

yellow and black striped markings on its wings.

Like the honey bee, the tiger swallowtail butterfly

helps pollinate plants.


11/42

State Creed..........Accepting, as I do, the principles upon which Georgia was

founded, not for self but others;its Democratic form of Government, based on Wisdom, Justice and

Moderation; its natural resources;its Educational, Social and Religious advantages,making it a most

desirable place to live I will strive to be a pure upright Citizen,rejecting the evilsloving and emulating

the good.I further believe it is my duty to defend it against all enemies, to honor and obey its laws, to apply

the Golden Rule in all my dealings with my fellow Georgians. I feel a sense of pride in the historyand

heroic deeds accomplished by my forebears, and shall endeavor to so live that my State will be proud of me

for doing my bit to make my State a better Commonwealth for future generations.


12/42

State Crop...The peanut

The peanut was selected as Georgias state crop

because Georgia produces almost 50 percent of the total U.S. peanut crop and provides over 50 percent of

the peanuts used in making peanut butter. The state leads the nation in peanut and peanut product exports.

Originating in Brazil and Peru from the earliest days of Spanish explorers, the peanut was introduced to

this country by Africans and quickly became a favorite food. In 2002, eighty Georgia counties produced

over 2 billion pounds of peanuts.


13/42

State Fish..Largemouth Bass

The state fish, the largemouth bass, is found mostly in warm water streams and lakes. Georgia boasts one

of the worlds records for the biggest largemouth bass ever caught.


14/42

State Flag..

The present state flag was adopted in 2003 after a long controversy. The flag features the Stars and

Bars with the states seal on a blue background in the upper left corner. The 2003 flag replaced a flag

that had been approved in January 2001. That flag had a Georgia state seal on a blue background. A

banner entitled Georgias History was placed under the seal and contained small versions of all five of

the flags that had played a part of Georgias history. The 2001 flag replaced the flag that had been

adopted in 1956. The 1956 flag incorporatedthe Confederate battle flag, which many people believed was

racist. Many believed that the 2001 flag was too much of a compromise.


15/42

State Seal.

Georgias state seal was adopted in1799. It depicts an arch, which

containsthe word Constitution,

supported by three columns, representing

thethree branches of government. A man

with a drawn sword stands betweentwo

of the columns. The man with the sword

represented the military aidGeorgia

provided in defense of the Constitution.


16/42

State Flower..Cherokee Rose

The Cherokee Rose was adopted as a state symbol in 1916, making it one of the states oldest symbols. The

rose originally came from China and was introduced into the New World by Spanish settlers. According to

the Legend of the Cherokee Rose, the Cherokee women were so brokenhearted at leaving their lands in

Georgia that the chiefs prayed for a sign to soothe their grief and give them strength. The Great One told

them that each time the mothers tears fell to the ground, a flower would spring up with white petals for the

tears, a gold center to represent the gold stolen by the settlers who forced them off their lands, and seven

leaves on each stem to represent the sevenCherokee clans. Today the rose growsalong the path of the Trail ofTears from Georgia to Oklahoma.


17/42

State FossilShark

Tooth

The shark tooth, Georgias state fossil, is a common fossil in

the Coastal Plain region. In fossil form, the shark tooth can

be traced back 375 million years, but the oldest shark tooth

found in the state was 60 million years old. Fossilized shark

teeth are found in a variety of colors ranging from black andgray to white, brown, blue, and reddish brown. If you are

lucky enough to find a red shark tooth from the rivers

around Camden County, you may really have something

valuable because some are as much as 15 million years old.


18/42

State Fruit..Peach

The peach is our state fruit, and Georgia ranks third in the nation in peach production. One of the states

nicknames is The Peach State. Our Georgia peaches are known for their superior flavor, texture, and

appearance. They are good for our eyesight, fat-free, a source of fiber, and low in cholesterol and sodium!


19/42

State Song Georgia on My Mind

Georgia on My Mind

Written by: Stuart Gorrell

Composed by: Hoagy Carmichael

Georgia, Georgia, the whole day through

Just an old sweet song keeps Georgia on my mind.

Georgia, Georgia, a song of you

Comes as sweet and clear as moonlight through the pines.

Other arms reach out to me

Other eyes smile tenderly

Still in peaceful dreams I see

The road leads back to you.

Georgia, Georgia, no peace I find

Just an old sweet song keeps Georgia on my mind.

Melodies bring memories

That linger in my heart

Make me think of Georgia

Why did we ever part?

Some sweet day when blossoms fall

And all the world's a song

I'll go back to Georgia

'Cause that's where I belong.


20/42

Other State SealsState GemQuartz

State InsectSocial Honey Bee

State Atlas.. Atlas of Georgia

State Ballet Atlanta Ballet

State Beef.. Cook Off Shoot the Bull

State Folk Dance Square Dancing

State Folk Festival. The Georgia Folk Festival

State Folk Life Play. Swamp Gravy

State Historic Drama. The Reach of Song

State Motto. Wisdom, Justice & Moderation

State Musical Theater. Jekyll Island Musical Theatre Festival

State Nicknames Peach State, Empire State of the South

State Peanut Monument. Turner County Peanut Monument

State Pork Cook Off.. Slosheye Trail Big Pig Jig

State Poultry.. Chicken

State Prepared Food. Grits

State Railroad Museum Historic Railroad Shops

State School.. Plains High School

State Tartan. Georgia tartan

State Theater.. The Springer Opera House

State Transportation Southeastern Railway Museum

State Waltz.. Our Georgia


21/42

Famous GeorgiansKelly Rowland (singer, actress)-Atlanta, Georgia


22/42

Raven-Symone (actress, singer)-Atlanta, Georgia


23/42

Chris Tucker (actor, comedian)-Atlanta, Georgia


24/42

Alice Walker (author)-Eatonton, Georgia


25/42

Bobby Jones (golfer)-Atlanta, Georgia


26/42

Dakota Fanning (actress)-Conyers, Georgia


27/42

Spike Lee (director, producer)-Atlanta, Georgia


28/42

Juliette Gordon Low (founder of U.S. girl scouts)-Savannah, Georgia


29/42

Elijah Muhammad ( Poole ) (religious leader)- Sandersville, Georgia


30/42

Bert Parks (host of Miss America Pagent)-Atlanta, Georgia


31/42

David Walker (astronaut)-Columbus, Georgia


32/42

Historical Events

~ Historic Saint Marys, Georgia is the 2nd oldest city in the nation.

~ The pirate Edward "Blackbeard" TEACH made a home on Blackbeard Island.

~ Known as the sweetest onion in the world, the Vidalia onion can only be grown in the fields aroundVidalia and Glennville.

~ Coco-Cola was invented in May 1886 by Dr. John S. PEMBERTON in Atlanta.

~ Chickamauga National Park is the site of the bloodiest battle in American History.

~ Savannah, the oldest city in Georgia, was the landing site for General James Edward OGLETHORPE,the founder of Georgia.

Branches of State Government

y Executivey Judicialy Legislative


33/42

Georgias Local GovernmentTerms & Powers

Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia operates under a Mayor / Commission / Administrator form of

government. The Mayor is the Chief Executive of Augusta-Richmond County, Georgia. The Mayor is elected

on a county-wide basis by the electors of the entire county in a non-partisan general election. Each mayorserves a four-year term and is eligible to serve two consecutive four-year terms.

Our current mayor, Deke Copenhaver, was elected in 2005 to fill the unexpired term of former Mayor Bob

Young. In November 2006 he was elected to a four-year term which began on January 1, 2007, and

continues through December 31, 2010.

Responsibilities

y The Mayor possesses and exercises the following executive and administrative powers and duties:y Presiding at all meetings of the Commissiony Serving as the official head of Richmond County and the City of Augusta for the service of process

and for ceremonial purposes

y Administering oaths and to take affidavitsy Signing all written contracts entered into by the Commission on behalf of Richmond County Georgia

and the City of Augusta and other contracts and instruments executed by the county and city which

by law are required to be in writing

y Ensuring that all laws, ordinances, and resolutions of Richmond County and the City of Augustaare faithfully executed

y Exercising such other powers and perform such other duties as may be required by ordinance orresolution of the Commission.


34/42

Top Five Universities and Colleges in GeorgiaEmory University

Emory University was founded by the Methodist Church in 1836. The university is in Oxford, a suburbantown just a few miles from the state capital, Atlanta and about 6,660 undergraduate students currently

attend. Emory is best known for studies in medicine and healthcare. The university, which started as acollege, has several different individual research centers for the study of medicine, law and healthcareamong other disciplines. Emory University is ranked 17th by the U.S. News and World Report.

Georgia Institute of Technology

Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech) was founded on October 13,1885. Georgia Tech is locatedin downtown Atlanta, Georgia's capital. The university currently has approximately 12,360 undergraduatestudents. Georgia Tech has a long history of being a leader in technology, science and economics. Thisuniversity regularly makes the U.S. News and World Report's list of top public universities and iscurrently at 35th. In addition to previously mentioned programs, it offers degrees in business andgovernment, as well as architecture.

University of Georgia

The University of Georgia was founded in 1801 by the Georgia General Assembly. The University ofGeorgia is located in Athens, Georgia, about 60 miles northeast of Atlanta. Currently, there areapproximately 25,430 undergraduates in attendance. This university has several excellent programs, suchas in arts and music and is currently ranked 59th by the U.S. News and World Report. The University ofGeorgia is comprised of 16 different colleges, such as the Grady College, which administers the PeabodyAwards.

Georgia State University

Georgia State University was founded in 1913 as Georgia's 'School of Commerce.' The university is located

in downtown Atlanta, the state's capital. Georgia State University is the second largest university in the statewith approximately 19,000 undergraduate students. The university is known for its business, law andscience programs. Georgia State University is very diverse with students from all over Georgia, every state inthe country and over 145 foreign countries in attendance.

Kennesaw State University

Kennesaw State University was founded in 1963. The university is located inKennesaw, Georgia, which isabout 20 miles north of Atlanta, the state's capital. Kennesaw State University is the third largest in thestate's university system and has about 17,690 undergraduate students. The university is best known for itsbusiness, nursing and education programs. Kennesaw State University has a true mix of students, about 20percent are ethnic minorities, and the students' median age is 26.


35/42

My Favorite PlacesMartin LutherKing Jr. National Historic Site #1

Oakland Cemetery #2

Turner Field #3

Philips Arena #4

of 160 attractions

Wren's Nest #5

Atlanta History Center #6

The Breman Jewish Heritage & Holocaust Museum #7

Centennial Olympic Park #8

Federal Reserve Bank #10

Atlanta Cyclorama & Civil War Museum #11

State Capitol #12

NEW World of Coca-Cola #13

Fox Theatre #14

Atlanta Shakespeare Tavern #16

Americas Mart Atlanta #17

Zoo Atlanta #18

Georgia Aquarium #19

Jimmy Carter Library & Museum #20

The Tabernacle #22

Virginia-Highland #23


36/42

Pro Sports

VP Volleyball

AThe Association of Volleyball Professionals, or AVP, is a beach volleyball tournament that hosts the bestplayers in the U.S. Its summer tour starts in April and continues almost every weekend until the end ofSeptember. The winter tour starts in January and hosts tournaments Thursdays, Fridays, and Saturdaysuntil the end of February.


37/42

MLB Atlanta Braves

Atlanta Braves baseball has given Atlanta baseball fans plenty to cheer about in the years since the sportsfranchise moved to Georgia. Since 1966, Atlanta's major-league baseball team has made five trips to theWorld Series (1991, 1992, 1995, 1996, 1999) and won the coveted championship once (in 1995). More than20 years before the Atlanta Braves baseball team clinched the World Series title, Atlanta sports fanswitnessed a monumental moment in MLB history. In 1974, in the days when the National League baseballteam played in Atlanta Stadium, the Atlanta Braves' Hank Aaron batted in his 715th career homer andsurpassed Babe Ruth's long-time home run record.


38/42

NBA Atlanta Hawks

Since relocating to the metro area in 1968 from St. Louis, the NBA's Hawks have called Atlanta home for

more than 43 seasons. From "Pistol" Pete Maravich to the "Human Highlight Film," Dominique Wilkins,the Hawks are a franchise rich with history and tradition. Having participated in the playoffs in more thanhalf of their seasons in Atlanta, the franchise is still seeking to win its first NBA championship (thefranchise did win an NBA title in 1958 in St. Louis). With nine 50-win seasons and four Divisionchampionships to their credit, the Hawks have established a solid tradition over the last four decades.


39/42

NFL Atlanta Falcons

Atlanta Falcons football has brought NFL football action to Atlanta sports fans for more than 40 years.

When the pro football team was created in 1965, the Atlanta Falcons became the first NFL franchise in the

southeastern United States. In 1966, the NFL's Atlanta Falcons recorded another first their first victory,

a win over the San Francisco 49ers during pre-season play. Atlanta's favorite football team made its first

(and so far only) Super Bowl appearance in 1998. That was the year the Atlanta Falcons won the NFC

West Division championship but lost to Denver during Super Bowl XXXIII.


40/42

NHL Atlanta Thrashers

The Atlanta Thrashers has been Atlanta's favorite professional ice hockey team for nearly a decade. The

history of Atlanta Thrashers hockey dates back to 1997 when the NHL awarded an expansion franchise to

the city of Atlanta, which had lost its only NHL team years before. Beginning with the 1999-2000 season

the first year of play for the Atlanta Thrashers Atlanta could lay claim to an NHL team once

again.


41/42

NASL Atlanta Silverbacks

The Atlanta Silverbacks compete in the NASL Division. The North American Soccer League is home to

current and future stars of the game from across the United States and surrounding islands.

The Silverbacks play at Atlanta Silverbacks Park in Chamblee, 20 minutes north of downtown Atlanta.

The regular season begins in early April and continues through September.


42/42

Works Cited

www.historycentral.com/TheColonies/Georgia.html

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_founded_georgia

http://gahistory.i-found-it.net/georgiahistory1.html

http://sites.google.com/site/georgiaregions/

Date post:	08-Apr-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	tiffjandraughn
View:	226 times
Download:	0 times

Georgia Book

Documents