8/3/2019 Geothermal Energy in Poland
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Geothermalenergy
KAROLINA MADEJ
8/3/2019 Geothermal Energy in Poland
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Contents
I. Geothermal energy – introduction
II.
Role of geothermal energy in the environment
protection - intr o1. Advantages
2. Disadvantages
III. Maps of geothermal energy occurrence in PolandIV. Geothermal plants in Poland which are in use
V.
The places in Poland where geothermal energy
can be foundVI. Methods of using geothermal energy in Poland
VII.
Summary
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Geothermal energy - introduction
• Geothermal energy is the Earth’s inner energy which isaccumulated in rocks and ground
waters. The heat inside the
Earth is partly the primary heat which came into existence during the formation of our planet and partly the heat that comes from disintegration of radioactive elements likeuranium, thorium or potassium.
• The word „geothermal” comes from the Greek words geo,meaning earth, and therme, meaning heat.
• Geothermal energy is often recognised as a renewable sourceof energy
• The temperature grows with the depth and in the Earth’s coreit reaches even 6000oC.
•
The warmth stored up in the
Earth’s centre is enormous; in
the
surface layer 10 km deep the amount of heat stored is 50000times as large as that which you can get from coal, petroleum,natural gas and radioactive elements used in nuclear energy.
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Geothermal energy - introduction
.
•The warmth is stored in
water, water vapour and in
hot, dry rocks. The deposits
of geothermal steams are
found in areas of current or
recent volcanic activity. Thetemperature of
water vapour in 1 km depths is min 150-200oC
and the highest
temperature of water is 150oC. They are the easiest reservoirs toexploit.
•It is said that 70 countries have geothermal water resources,
which can be used on the industrial scale.
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Role of geothermal energy in the
environment protection - intro• The most dangerous effects that can be caused by
using geothermal energy are:1. Destruction of the landscape
2.
Subsidence
caused
by
extraction of
water from rock
reservoirs.3. Thermal effects and emissions of chemical
substances
• On volcanic areas and in crystal rocks, geothermalwaters are only slightly mineralized and they can beused as drinking water.
• Discharge of this water doesn’t influence theenvironment
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Advantages
• This energy is environment friendly because itdoesn’t cause emission of harmful substances (e.g..
dust, gas) and, therefore, it helps protect nature.• Underground water can be used in health care and
various
therapies
because of it’s chemical properties
and temperature.• Geothermal waters can also be used in treatment,
rehabilitation as well
as
in prophylaxis of illnesses
and motor disabilities and in muscle deficiencies,rheumatic fever, neurological disorders and others.
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Advantages
Chemical composition of those waters decides about
their application in therapy of respiratory systemdisorders, dermatologic ailments, digestion, diabetesetc.
• Geothermal waters are used for heating in industry,agriculture, gardening, fish breeding and recreation
• Geothermal power plants don’t damage the landscape
and the sources of this energy, in contrast to solar or wind energy, are within easy reach because they donot dependent on weather conditions
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Disadvantages
• The first disadvantage is that there aren’t enough places where the conditions of usingthis energy are favourable.
• The second is that during the drawing process of geothermal energy from the Earth’s depth, harmful gases and minerals get
out and it’s
very hard to get rid of them.
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Maps of geothermal energy
occurrence in Poland1. Map of surface heat concentrated in the area of
Poland2. Map of temperatures at the depth of 3 km in thearea of Poland
3. Map of isothermal surface for 80o
C in the area of Poland
4.
Map of isothermal surface for 100oC
in the area of Poland5. Map of isothermal surface for120oC in the area of Poland
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Map of surface heat concentrated in the
area of Poland
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Map of the temperatures at the depth of
3 km in the area of Poland
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Map of isothermal surface for 80oC in the area of Poland
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Map of isothermal surface for 100oC in the area of Poland
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Map of isothermal surface for120oC in the area of Poland
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The places in Poland where the geothermal energy can be found
1. The first geothermal plant in Poland
2. Pyrzyce3. Uniejów
4. Słomniki
5. Mszczonów
(1) Which are in use ,(2) which are being built,(3)health resorts (which use
geothermal energy) or geothermal institutions (according to Sokołowski, 1995)
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The first geothermal plant was built in
Podhale near Zakopane in 1992
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Pyrzyce geothermal
plant
1. Characteristic:
a) Geothermal plant was started in 1996. b) Waters come from Lias series at depth of 1,5- 1,6 km.
c) Two main exploitation holes and 2 sink holes
with capacity of 340 m3/h. TDS is 120 g/l.
d) Temperature – 64oC.e) The water heat power is 14,8 MWt.
f) 12 000 consumers.
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Uniejów geothermal
plant
Geothermal plant
Thermal waters of 68oC ;
Power – 3,2 MWt
Aqua Park
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Uniejów geothermal
plant
1. Characteristic:
a) Water temperature is 68o
C and the capacity is 120 m3/h.
b)
After heat exchangers the water is directed to
injection hole into the underground water- bearing layer of 40-45oC.
c) In the future, geothermal waters are going to beused in balneology.
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Słomniki geothermal
plant
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Słomniki geothermal plant
1. Characteristic:
a) Shallow aquifer Cr is exploited at150-300m b) Artesian regime.
c)
Sweet waters (17oC) yield –
50 m3/h.
d) The heat is used in heat pumps and the cooled
water is sent as drinking water into the water
network.e) Hydro-geothermal conditions are quite typical
as in many other parts of Poland.
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Mszczonów geothermal
plant
1. Characteristic:
a) Geothermal plant was started in 1999.
b) Geothermal water-bearing level is sandstone of
the low Cretaceous period (Cr).
c) Groundwater mineralization doesn’t exceed
1g/l.
d) Water temperature is 42o
C and the capacity is60 m3/h.
e)
The outlet hole was drilled in 1976 then it was
closed down and reopened again after 20 years.
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Methods of using geothermal energy in
Poland1. Production of electric current by using geothermal
vapour
2. Production of water and geothermal vapour invaried temperatures and purposes (e.g.:
a)
Central heating
b) Air-condition
c) Agriculture
d) Drying agricultural and industrial products
e) Recreation
f) Health care
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Summary
• Poland has a big potential but geothermal
waters are too deep, so working costs would behuge and there is no sense to explore them
because it’s not profitable.