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GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy...

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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE OPPORTUNITIES GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW MEXICO Witcher James Witcher Las Cruces For: NM LEGISTATURE INTERIM SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE 17 October, 2013
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Page 1: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY AND INFRASTRUCTURE

OPPORTUNITIES

GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW MEXICO

Witcher

James Witcher

Las Cruces

For:

NM LEGISTATURE INTERIM

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND

TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMMITTEE

17 October, 2013

Page 2: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

Red

Convective

Systems

Light Blue

Deep Conductive

Systems in Tertiary

Basins

Dark Blue

Deep Conductive

Systems in

Paleozoic and

Mesozoic Basins

NM

GEOTHERMAL

RESOURCE

BASE

Page 3: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

ALBUQUERQUE BASIN CONDUCTIVE GEOTHERMAL

Page 4: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

RINCON

CONVECTIVE GEOTHERMAL

• Annual temperature

wave near surface

• Conductive gradient

above water table or

geothermal system

• Temperature “rollover”

in outflow plume

Page 5: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

COMPARISON OF

CONDUCTIVE AND

CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS

CONDUCTIVE

• Very deep reservoirs

• Higher cost and risk

• Very large reservoirs

• Suitable for large-scale

power and desalination

• Greater salinity

• Most applicable for

brine disposal

• Stratigraphic reservoir

CONVECTIVE

• Comparatively shallow

and smaller reservoirs

• Lower cost and risk

• Much smaller reservoirs

• Suitable for direct-use

and small-scale power.

• Brackish water most

common

• Structural reservoir

Page 6: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

APPLICATION

CATEGORIES • ELECTRICAL POWER

• DIRECT-USE

• GROUND-COUPLED HEAT PUMP

USDOE USDOE

Page 7: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

BINARY-CYCLE POWER

USDOE

Witcher Soda Lake, Nevada, 26.1 MWe Binary Power Plant

Witcher

Page 8: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

0

20

40

60

80

100

Wind Solar Hydro Average Biomass Fossil Geothermal

CAPACITY FACTORS

Page 9: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

DIRECT-USE GEOTHERMAL

Masson Geothermal Greenhouse, Radium Springs, New Mexico

Williamson, NREL

Page 10: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

NMBGMR, Earth Matters,

Summer, 2006, modified from

Geothermal Education Office

OTHER USES ?

Desalination

Copper/Gold

Oil and Gas

Biofuels

LINDAL

DIAGRAM

Page 11: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

GEOTHERMAL

GREENHOUSE HEATING

• CENTRAL HOT WATER SYSTEM

• GEOTHERMAL WELLS AND HEAT EXCHANGERS REPLACE CONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUEL BOILER

Photo on cover of journal GEOTHERMICS

Williamson, NREL

Masson Geothermal Greenhouse, Radium Springs, New Mexico

Page 12: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

GEOTHERMAL AQUACULTURE

• CONTROL CONSTANT TEMPERATURE FOR OPTIMAL GROWTH (enhanced growth rate)

• GROWING MARKET POTENTIAL AS NATURAL FISHERIES ARE STRESSED

• MANY POTENTIAL SPECIES

Shrimp, Lobster, Eels, Tilapia, Stripped Bass, Oysters, Algae, etc.

Tilapia

AmeriCulture AmeriCulture

AmeriCulture Tilapia Farm

Animas Valley, New Mexico

Page 13: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

GEOTHERMAL DESALINATION

Heat Flow Units mW/m2

• High Capacity Factor

• Electrical power for pumps

and possibly RO units

• Source of thermal energy for

process heat in distillation

or other desalination

technology

• Saline water source

• Process brine sink via

injection into reservoir

Page 14: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

HEAT EXCHANGERS

Haslego and Polley (2002)

• Prevent scaling and corrosion

• Isolate geothermal fluids

from heating equipment and

environment

• Plate and frame heat exchangers

are very efficient

NMSU

Page 15: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

GEOTHERMAL POWER VERSUS

GREENHOUSE DIRECT -USE

POWER - Lightning Dock

• $0.10 kW/hr cost

• 1 or 3 employees

• 8,760 hrs/yr

• $876,000 per MW/yr gross

receipts

• No energy savings

compared to natural gas or

coal

GREENHOUSE - Radium Springs

• Annual sales $950,000 to $625,000 per

acre

• 8 employees per acre

• $46,200/yr energy savings per acre in

southern New Mexico ($12.50 MMBtu

commercial natural gas w/boiler loss)

• 4,200 MMbtu/yr at $1.50/MMBtu

Masson Geothermal Greenhouse, Radium Springs, New Mexico Williamson, NREL

Page 16: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

A GEOTHERMAL PROJECT • PERMITTING

• RESOURCE OWNERSHIP

• WATER RIGHTS

• ENGINEERING FEASIBILITY

• BUSINESS AND MARKETING PLAN

• FINANCING

• RESOURCE ASSESSMENT AND RESERVOIR CONFIRMATION

• PRODUCTION/INJECTION WELLS

• RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PLAN

• ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC RELATIONS

Alligator Aquaculture, Mosca, Colorado

NREL

Page 17: GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION, MCGREGOR RANGE, NEW … 101713 Item 4 Renewable Energy Infrastructure...geothermal energy technology and infrastructure opportunities geothermal exploration,

FINAL THOUGHTS

• Water rights protection of

existing water rights where

power production of shallow

convective resources is done.

• Should definition of geothermal

in New Mexico be revisited?

(250 F).

• Sustained support for the NM

component of the national

geothermal database at NM

Bureau of Geology, NM Tech.

• Sustained university-based

outreach for direct-use

geothermal economic

development.

• Geothermal direct-use has

greater economic impact than

power production.


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