Germanic Kingdoms Germanic Kingdoms Unite Under Unite Under

CharlemagneCharlemagneCh. 13 sec. 1 Ch. 13 sec. 1

pg. 317pg. 317

The Middle AgesThe Middle Ages

There was a gradual decline of There was a gradual decline of Roman EmpireRoman Empire

This ushered in a new era in This ushered in a new era in European history called the Middle European history called the Middle Ages, or medieval periodAges, or medieval period

Lasted from 500-1500Lasted from 500-1500New institutions slowly replaced New institutions slowly replaced

those of the fallen Roman Empirethose of the fallen Roman Empire

Invasions Start Changes in Invasions Start Changes in Western EuropeWestern Europe

By the end of the 400’s Germanic By the end of the 400’s Germanic tribes overran the western half of tribes overran the western half of Roman empireRoman empire

Remember the empire was spilt in 2Remember the empire was spilt in 2

InvadersInvaders

Remember Attila the Hun? He was Remember Attila the Hun? He was the leader of one of the Germanic the leader of one of the Germanic groups who terrorized the Western groups who terrorized the Western part of the Empirepart of the Empire

Constant warfare sparked:Constant warfare sparked:

Disruption of trade-Disruption of trade- businesses businesses collapsed and breakdown of trade collapsed and breakdown of trade destroyed European cities, money became destroyed European cities, money became scarcescarce

Downfall of cities-Downfall of cities- cities were cities were abandonedabandoned

Population shifts-Population shifts- nobles retreated to nobles retreated to rural areas, and Rome left with no strong rural areas, and Rome left with no strong government, others fleeing to countryside government, others fleeing to countryside to grow own foodto grow own food

Decline of LearningDecline of Learning

Germanic invaders couldn’t read or Germanic invaders couldn’t read or writewrite

Learning among Romans sank as well Learning among Romans sank as well as more families move to rural areasas more families move to rural areas

People like priests and church officials People like priests and church officials were literatewere literate

Traditional reading of Roman and Traditional reading of Roman and Greek philosophy and science Greek philosophy and science stoppedstopped

LanguageLanguage

Germanic tribes had oral traditions of Germanic tribes had oral traditions of songs and legends, but no written songs and legends, but no written languagelanguage

As they mixed with the Roman population, As they mixed with the Roman population, Latin began to changeLatin began to change

It wasn’t understood from region to regionIt wasn’t understood from region to region New dialects, words and phrases began to New dialects, words and phrases began to

developdevelop By 800s French, Spanish, and other By 800s French, Spanish, and other

Romance languages developedRomance languages developed

Germanic Kingdoms emergeGermanic Kingdoms emerge

Borders and government change as Borders and government change as Germanic kingdoms replace Roman Germanic kingdoms replace Roman provincesprovinces

The role of the ChurchThe role of the Church

Church was the Church was the only institution that only institution that survivedsurvived

During time of During time of political chaos, political chaos, Church provided Church provided order and securityorder and security

Germanic Governing Germanic Governing

Roman society believed in loyalty to Roman society believed in loyalty to the public government and respect the public government and respect written lawwritten law

Germanic society believed in personal Germanic society believed in personal loyalty and family ties rather than loyalty and family ties rather than citizenship in public statecitizenship in public state

Germanic people lived in small Germanic people lived in small communities communities

They were governed by unwritten They were governed by unwritten rules and traditionsrules and traditions

Germanic chief’s led a band of warriors who Germanic chief’s led a band of warriors who pledged loyalty to their leaderpledged loyalty to their leader

Would fight to their death for leaderWould fight to their death for leader Was considered a disgrace to outlive their Was considered a disgrace to outlive their

leaderleader Had no obligation to obey a king they didn’t Had no obligation to obey a king they didn’t

know or pay taxes collected by a city officialknow or pay taxes collected by a city official Stress on person ties made it impossible to Stress on person ties made it impossible to

establish an orderly government for large establish an orderly government for large territoriesterritories

The Franks under ClovisThe Franks under Clovis

In the Roman province of Gaul, In the Roman province of Gaul, Germanic people called the Franks Germanic people called the Franks held powerheld power

Their leader, Clovis, brings Their leader, Clovis, brings Christianity to this regionChristianity to this region

ClovisClovis Clovis’s wife, Clothilde had begged him to Clovis’s wife, Clothilde had begged him to

convertconvert In battle, Clovis saw the possibility of death In battle, Clovis saw the possibility of death

for himself and his soldiers, and prayed to for himself and his soldiers, and prayed to the Christian Godthe Christian God

Clovis and his men won the battle and were Clovis and his men won the battle and were baptizedbaptized

Church welcomed his conversion and Church welcomed his conversion and supported his military against other supported his military against other Germanic peopleGermanic people

United Franks under one kingdom and United Franks under one kingdom and formed a special partnership with the church formed a special partnership with the church

The Baptism of ClovisThe Baptism of Clovis

Germanic Peoples Adopt Germanic Peoples Adopt ChristianityChristianity

Frankish rulers and missionaries Frankish rulers and missionaries spread Christianityspread Christianity

To adapt to rural conditions, Churches To adapt to rural conditions, Churches built monasteries , or religious built monasteries , or religious communitiescommunities

Christian men called monks gave up Christian men called monks gave up private possessions and became private possessions and became servants of Godservants of God

Women became nuns and lived in Women became nuns and lived in conventsconvents

In 520, Benedict, a monk wrote a In 520, Benedict, a monk wrote a strict set of rules for monasteriesstrict set of rules for monasteries

His twin sister, Scholastica headed a His twin sister, Scholastica headed a convent and adopted the same set convent and adopted the same set of rules for womenof rules for women

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1__I_looDNA&NR=1http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1__I_looDNA&NR=1

A Pope in ControlA Pope in Control

Gregory I, known as Gregory the Gregory I, known as Gregory the Great, became pope in 590Great, became pope in 590

He took authority of political affairs He took authority of political affairs as well as church affairsas well as church affairs

Used church revenues to build an Used church revenues to build an army, repair roads and feed the poorarmy, repair roads and feed the poor

The idea of a churchly kingdom , The idea of a churchly kingdom , ruled by a pope would become a ruled by a pope would become a central theme in the Middle Agescentral theme in the Middle Ages

KingdomsKingdomsAfter Roman Empire dissolved, tiny After Roman Empire dissolved, tiny

kingdoms sprang up all over Europekingdoms sprang up all over EuropeEngland had 7 tiny kingdomsEngland had 7 tiny kingdomsSome kingdoms were no larger than Some kingdoms were no larger than

ConnecticutConnecticut

The area of the State The area of the State covers 4845 square covers 4845 square miles miles

It is the third It is the third smallest state in the smallest state in the U.S.U.S.

Arizona is the sixth Arizona is the sixth largest state and largest state and covers 113,642 covers 113,642 square miles- square miles- roughly twenty two roughly twenty two times the size of times the size of ConnecticutConnecticut

Under Clovis, the Franks control the Under Clovis, the Franks control the largest and strongest kingdom-largest and strongest kingdom-former Roman province Gaulformer Roman province Gaul

By the time Clovis died in 511, he By the time Clovis died in 511, he had extended rule over what is now had extended rule over what is now FranceFrance

He strengthened the Merovingian He strengthened the Merovingian Dynasty, named after his ancestorDynasty, named after his ancestor

Major DomoMajor Domo

By 700, official named By 700, official named major domo major domo (mayor of the palace) had become (mayor of the palace) had become most powerful person in kingdommost powerful person in kingdom

Officially, he had charge of royal and Officially, he had charge of royal and household estateshousehold estates

Unofficially, he commanded armies Unofficially, he commanded armies and made policiesand made policies

You could say mayor of the palace You could say mayor of the palace ruled the kingdomruled the kingdom

Charles MartelCharles Martel

In 719, Charles Martel (Charles the In 719, Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer) was named mayor of the palace, Hammer) was named mayor of the palace, and had more power than the kingand had more power than the king

Extended Franks power to the north, south Extended Franks power to the north, south and eastand east

Defeated Muslim raiding from Spain at the Defeated Muslim raiding from Spain at the Battle of ToursBattle of Tours

Victory made him a Christian heroVictory made him a Christian hero A loss would have meant Europe could A loss would have meant Europe could

have become part of the Muslim Empirehave become part of the Muslim Empire

Pepin the ShortPepin the Short

After Charles’ s death, he passed on power After Charles’ s death, he passed on power to son Pepin the Shortto son Pepin the Short

Pepin wanted to become king- but it was Pepin wanted to become king- but it was not in his blood linenot in his blood line

With Pope’s permission he deposed the With Pope’s permission he deposed the last Merovingian kinglast Merovingian king

Pope declared him “king by the grace of Pope declared him “king by the grace of God” after fighting on the Church’s behalfGod” after fighting on the Church’s behalf

This began the reign of Frankish rulers This began the reign of Frankish rulers called the Carolingian Dynastycalled the Carolingian Dynasty

Carolingian DynastyCarolingian Dynasty

Pepin the Short died and left a Pepin the Short died and left a greatly strengthened kingdom to his greatly strengthened kingdom to his two sons, Carloman and Charles two sons, Carloman and Charles (Charlemagne)(Charlemagne)

After Carloman’s death, Charles After Carloman’s death, Charles (Charlemagne) took control of the (Charlemagne) took control of the kingdomkingdom

CharlemagneCharlemagne

He was 6’4 and an imposing figureHe was 6’4 and an imposing figure Built an empire larger as any since the Roman Built an empire larger as any since the Roman

empire (this was before the Mongols empire (this was before the Mongols expansion)expansion)

Every summer he would take his army to fight Every summer he would take his army to fight enemies surrounding his kingdomenemies surrounding his kingdom

Fought Muslims in Spain and other Germanic Fought Muslims in Spain and other Germanic tribestribes

Spread Christianity while conquering new Spread Christianity while conquering new landslands

Roman EmperorRoman Emperor

In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to In 800, Charlemagne traveled to Rome to crush an unruly mob that attacked the crush an unruly mob that attacked the PopePope

Pope Leo was so grateful that he crowned Pope Leo was so grateful that he crowned Charlemagne emperorCharlemagne emperor

The coronation was historic- a pope had The coronation was historic- a pope had claimed the right to award the title claimed the right to award the title “Roman Emperor” to a European king“Roman Emperor” to a European king

Event signaled the joining of Germanic Event signaled the joining of Germanic power, the Church, and the heritage of the power, the Church, and the heritage of the Roman Empire Roman Empire

Pope Crowning Charlemagne Pope Crowning Charlemagne EmperorEmperor

Charlemagne’s GovernmentCharlemagne’s Government

Strengthened royal power by limiting Strengthened royal power by limiting noble powernoble power

Sent out royal agents to make sure Sent out royal agents to make sure those ruling their counties did so justlythose ruling their counties did so justly

Charlemagne would visit every part of Charlemagne would visit every part of his kingdom regularlyhis kingdom regularly

He judged cases, settled disputes and He judged cases, settled disputes and rewarded faithful followersrewarded faithful followers

Importance of LearningImportance of Learning

One of Charlemagne’s greatest One of Charlemagne’s greatest accomplishments was his praise of accomplishments was his praise of learninglearning

Surrounded himself with scholars of Surrounded himself with scholars of all languagesall languages

Opened a palace school for his Opened a palace school for his children and otherschildren and others

Ordered monasteries to open schools Ordered monasteries to open schools and train future monks and priests and train future monks and priests

In 814 Charlemagne In 814 Charlemagne died after ruling for died after ruling for over 40 yearsover 40 years

He had inflammation He had inflammation in the lungs and in the lungs and chest and tried to chest and tried to cure himself by only cure himself by only drinking liquids, but drinking liquids, but died 7 days later died 7 days later

http://www.youtube.com/wathttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTTaVnZyG2gch?v=cTTaVnZyG2g

Louis the PiousLouis the Pious

Charlemagne crowned his only son Charlemagne crowned his only son Louis the Pious emperor a year Louis the Pious emperor a year before his deathbefore his death

Louis would have been a better Louis would have been a better monk, and is ineffective as a rulermonk, and is ineffective as a ruler

Louis had 3 sons: Lothair, Charles the Louis had 3 sons: Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Lewis the GermanBald, and Lewis the German

All 3 of Charlemagne’s grandsons All 3 of Charlemagne’s grandsons fight each other for control of the fight each other for control of the empireempire

A civil war takes place and ends A civil war takes place and ends when the brothers signed the Treaty when the brothers signed the Treaty of Verdun, dividing the empire into 3 of Verdun, dividing the empire into 3 kingdomskingdoms

A Divided EmpireA Divided Empire

After the treaty Carolingian kings lost After the treaty Carolingian kings lost powerpower

Central authority breaks downCentral authority breaks down The lack of strong rulers leads to a new The lack of strong rulers leads to a new

system of governing and land holding- system of governing and land holding- feudalismfeudalism

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9AMpIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9AMpIU-JYwU-JYw (9:00) (9:00)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSYUgIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSYUgI28U2Q&feature=related28U2Q&feature=related (5:00) (5:00)

Assignment:Assignment:Create a family tree of the Create a family tree of the

Carolingian Dynasty starting with Carolingian Dynasty starting with Charles MartelCharles Martel

Pepin

Carloman Charlemagne

Louis the Pious

Lothair

Charles the BaldLewisthe German