Get notes packet and start vocab.Get notes packet and start vocab.

You will learn to explain how You will learn to explain how earthquakes result from the buildup earthquakes result from the buildup of energy in rocks.of energy in rocks.

You will learn to describe how You will learn to describe how compression, tension, and shear compression, tension, and shear forces make rocks move along faults.forces make rocks move along faults.

You will learn to distinguish among You will learn to distinguish among normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults.normal, reverse, and strike-slip faults.

Causes of Causes of ________________________:: Applied stresses Applied stresses

cause cause __________ to to __________ and and ______________

When rocks When rocks ____________ they they move along surfaces move along surfaces called called ____________

earthquakes

rocks bendstretc

hbreak

faults

Earth’s _____ is in constant _______

Places ______ on rocks

Rocks _____ & _______ like a rubber band

Break

Produces __________ called an

_________________

crust

motion

stress

bend

stretch

vibrations

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Force – Force – ______________ Plates move Plates move

__________ Rock moves Rock moves

____________________

tension

apart

downward

On the east side of ____________

Force – Force – ________________________

Plates come Plates come __________________

Rocks at the Rocks at the _______ are _______ are forced ___ and forced ___ and _____ the ones _____ the ones ______ the ______ the surfacesurface

compressiontogethersurface upoverbelow

Force – Force – __________ Plates move Plates move ________________ past each past each

otherother Rocks on either side move Rocks on either side move ________

each othereach other

shear sideway

s

past

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/earthq3/

We observe these ______ in the form of

faults

_______ form when stressed rocks break _______ form when stressed rocks break along surfaces.along surfaces.

Stresses on rock are created by _______ Stresses on rock are created by _______ ___________.___________.

When rocks break along a _____, vibrations When rocks break along a _____, vibrations are created. This is an _______________!are created. This is an _______________!

________ ______ can form when rocks ________ ______ can form when rocks undergo tension.undergo tension.

_____________ ______ produce reverse faults._____________ ______ produce reverse faults. ___________ ______ result when rocks move ___________ ______ result when rocks move

past each other without much upward or past each other without much upward or downward movement.downward movement.

Faults

platemovements faul

tNormal

faults

Compression

forces

Strike-slip

faults

1906 1906 Quake PicsQuake Pics

Destruction by…Destruction by…

Measuring EarthquakesMeasuring Earthquakes

www.sciencecourseware.com/eec/Earthquake/

Seismographs - Seismographs - are used to are used to measure P-waves, S-waves, & measure P-waves, S-waves, &

surface wavessurface waves

MagnitudeMagnitude

Richter scale Richter scale measures the measures the

strength of the strength of the break; describes break; describes how much energy how much energy

is released by is released by the earthquake; the earthquake;

an increase of 1.0 an increase of 1.0 has 32x as much has 32x as much

energyenergy

Richter Scale – 1.0 to 8.9Richter Scale – 1.0 to 8.9

Tsunamis -Tsunamis - a seismic sea a seismic sea wave that can reach 30m highwave that can reach 30m high

Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005

Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005

Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005

Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005

Tsunami of 2005Tsunami of 2005

Japan 2011Japan 2011

San Francisco San Francisco