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Created by ASK (2012) Page 1 of 7
Table of Contents
Getting Started with SPSS .......................................................................................... 2
1.1 Opening SPSS 18 ........................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 A look at the data file ................................................................................................................ 3
The Variable View: ....................................................................................................................... 3
The Data View: ............................................................................................................................. 3
1.3 A look at the output file ............................................................................................................ 4
The Output file: ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.3 Saving data and output files ...................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Open an existing data file or output file ................................................................................... 6
Additional Resources.................................................................................................. 7
Created by ASK (2012) Page 2 of 7
Getting Started with SPSS
1.1 Opening SPSS 18
To avoid problems when using a university computer, ALWAYS open SPSS first, then either type in
your data or open an existing data file instead of trying to open up SPSS by double-clicking an SPSS
data file or output file.
When you open the software you will see something that looks like Figure 1. This is normal. Just
let it run and the dialogue box in Figure 2 will eventually appear. This may take a couple of
minutes.
Figure 1. SPSS opening screen. Let it run and SPSS will eventually open up.
Figure 2. The first window that opens when you start SPSS.
It is recommended to ALWAYS choose
this option, even if you want to open an
existing SPSS data file.
Created by ASK (2012) Page 3 of 7
1.2 A look at the data file
When the data file is opened, you’ll notice that there are two worksheet tabs at the bottom left of
the screen: Variable View and Data View (Figures 3 and 4). Unlike Excel, you cannot add more
tabs.
The Variable View:
Enter variable names in the first column. Then define them using the remaining columns.
(For more detail see the “Define your variables in SPSS” guide on Blackboard).
Essentially, it is for viewing your variables.
Figure 3. First, enter and define your variables from the variable view.
The Data View:
This is where you enter your data.
Across the top of the columns it says “Var Var Var …”. After entering your variables in the
variable view, they will appear as the column headings replacing “Var Var Var …”.
DO NOT enter your variable names in the first row!! Only enter data here.
Make sure to code your categorical variables first. It’s best if you enter only numbers
rather than using text (for more details see relevant guides on Blackboard).
Figure 4. Second, enter your data in the appropriate columns.
Each variable name will appear as a column heading replacing var.
Enter variable names in the first column.
Created by ASK (2012) Page 4 of 7
1.3 A look at the output file
After you have carried out an action in SPSS (save a file, produce a table, etc…), an output file will
automatically be opened (Figure 5), if one isn’t open already.
The Output file:
This is where SPSS keeps a record of everything you do (called a ‘log’)
It is where all analyses are stored and can be viewed
In the left pane there will be a list of every chart, graph and table you create
In the right pane is where the charts, graphs and tables will be outputted to
SPSS always keeps an output file open, so it’s best to leave it open while you are doing
your analysis rather than closing it. If you make a mistake and don’t want to keep an
analysis you did, it’s better to just delete it from the output file rather than closing the file
and starting again.
To delete an item from your output file, simply click on it from the left pane and hit the
delete key. For example, to delete the log shown on the right hand side of the output file
in Figure 5, click on “Log” (just under “Output”) from the left pane and hit the delete key
If you have an existing output file you would like to use, then close the new output file
created by SPSS and open your output via the File menu (see Figure 7).
Figure 5. Output file automatically created by SPSS.
I saved a data file called ExampleSPSSfile.sav and it was
recorded in the log here. Everything I do will be seen in
outline form in this left window.
Created by ASK (2012) Page 5 of 7
1.3 Saving data and output files
The data file is separate from the output file which means you must save them individually.
Saving the data file WILL NOT save the output file automatically. SPSS will save your data file with
the extension .sav and save your output file with the extension .spv. Don’t change these
extensions.
To save a data file for the first time, from the File menu select Save As… (Figure 6).
o Make sure to save your files to either your H: drive or your pen drive. DO NOT save any
files to the default SPSS folder which automatically is selected when you choose Save
As… If you save your file(s) to this folder you will likely never find it again because it is
a temporary folder so its contents are deleted on a regular basis.
To save an output file for the first time, from the File menu (of the output file) select Save
As… (not shown in the figures below).
o Again, make sure to save your file to either your H: drive or your pen drive.
To save changes to a data file, either click on the floppy disk icon at the top left or choose
Save from the File menu of the data file.
To save changes to an output file, either click on the floppy disk icon at the top left or
choose Save from the File menu of the output file.
Figure 6. Saving a data file for the first time.
Created by ASK (2012) Page 6 of 7
1.4 Open an existing data file or output file
To open an existing file, first open SPSS and choose “Type in Data” (as shown in Figure 2). From
the File menu, select Open, then choose Data to open a data file or Output to open an output file
(see Figure 7).
You can have more than one data file open at the same time. Likewise, you can also have more
than one output file open at the same time, however, this is not recommended as making sure
output goes to the correct output file can be tricky.
Figure 7. You can also open files from the SPSS Data Editor window.
When the data editor window is
open, you can open an existing data
file or output file from the File menu.
Created by ASK (2012) Page 7 of 7
Additional Resources
In the Getting Started folder under the SPSS resources section, you may be interested in the
following:
1. How to enter and define variables
2. How to enter your data into SPSS
3. How to code categorical variables
4. Levels of Measurement (nominal, ordinal and scale variables)
Are you entering data from a questionnaire? If so you will need to code your categorical variables
before entering your data (refer to the third resource listed above)
* If you are unsure about which variables are categorical, have a look at the Levels of
Measurement guide mentioned above.
Return to:
1.2 A look at the data file