GETTING STARTED WITHCommitment To Excellence B3 Benchmarking · B3 Benchmarking current to October...

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Conference Title Month DD, YYYY

B3 Benchmarking current to October 18, 2017.

Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance Costs

Commitment To Excellence

Troy W. Miller, AIAEducation Focus [email protected]: 612.766.2819Cell: 952.448.3357

Phil FisherOperations [email protected]: 612.562.4677

B3 Partners:

B3 Benchmarking

GETTING STARTED WITH




Tools to Guide Decision MakingEnergy Costs per Square Foot/per Student

• Benchmarking your buildings: B3

• Energy Star – KBTU per sq. ft.

Building Reclassifications

• Determining the current need and impacts

• Establish the safe and secure plan

• Establish mechanical system zones (current and future)

Facility Assessments and Planning

• Determine the age and remaining life of each system

• Group those systems/components which are related

• What are the impacts to teaching and learning

• What are the impacts: budget, schedule, politics




B3 Benchmarking

Web-based platform

for tracking

operational energy

and water use

Established in 2004

for the State of

Minnesota as part of

the B3 program

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http://twgi.com/index.html

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B3 Benchmarking

8,538 public buildings in program

319 million square feet of buildings in program

42% of buildings are good candidates for improvement

17% potential annual energy savings (4,195 million kBtu)

20% potential annual cost savings ($53.2 million)




Over a Decade of Expertise

The Weidt Group developed and evolves the

B3 Benchmarking system. Buildings that are

“current” in the system have identified potential

energy savings of over $23 million.

Currently, the B3 Benchmarking program has

reduced energy consumption by over 10%

since 2009 for the Minnesota State College

and University System (mandated by law to

participate). They are halfway to their goal of a

20% reduction in consumption.

LHB is one of two firms who are licensed to

offer the program beyond its use for Minnesota

Public Buildings.

Current Statistics

State of Minnesota Statistics

State of Minnesota Statistics




Building – Summary

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B3 Benchmarking Units

Consumption: Energy use, entered in native units from utility bills (e.g. kWh, therms) and converted into kBtu.

Dollars:Energy costs in dollars from utility bills, including all charges, taxes, and fees.

Carbon:Energy emissions in pounds of carbon dioxide equivalent, calculated based on regional emissions factors for each fuel type.




Three Areas of Management

Energy-Efficient Operations Savings Potential: 7% to 17%

Building and Systems ImprovementsSavings Potential: 5% to 20%

Beyond the Meter: Understanding the Rate StructureSavings Potential: 1% to 3%

Note: savings will vary based on building uses, system ages/types, etc. Estimates from client analysis and collaborative research with: LHB, The Weidt Group, Seventhwave, and Center for Energy and Environment




Case Study: Albert Lea Public Schools

“Data is critical. I don’t know how anyone can know where they are going when they don’t know where they have been.”

Steve LundEnergy Manager for Albert Lea Public Schools

District has saved $3 MILLION over 10 years

• Reduction in Electricity Use 33%

• Reduction in Natural Gas Use 31%

• Reduction in Water Use 11.5%

• Examples of Operational Saving Items

o Remove extra appliances

o When its not needed, “shut it down”

o Staff training and understanding schedules

o Envelope first

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One: Beyond the Meter

MEET WITH YOUR UTILITIES

• Each Utility is DifferentPrivate Companies, Cooperative, Management Firms

• Rate Structures and VariablesLoad Shedding, Power Factors, Demand Charges

• Understand the Performance Service OpportunitiesRecommissioning, Benchmarking, Assessments

• Review Available Rebates and the Processes to ObtainEnvelope, Mechanical, Electrical, Special Systems



Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance CostsEnergy Bills Tell a Story

Rate Structures can vary from District to District

▪ Demand and Peak Charges

▪ Power Factor Charges

▪ Other Miscellaneous Charges

▪ Type of Utility

Consumption vs Dollars

▪ Are NOT the Same Story, but Very Different Issues.

▪ Identifies Changes to Operational Procedures

▪ Identifies Design Strategies

Help Establish Priorities for Training or Projects

▪ Demonstrates and Understanding of True Costs

▪ Can the Values Change

▪ Different than Indoor Air Quality



Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance CostsReview the Electric Invoice

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Comparative Example: Westonka Public SchoolsA simple look at the 20 districts of similar size, we found the following:

The average annual operating costs per square foot for Westonka: $1.15Note: costs for the last 12 month period.

The average annual operating costs per square foot for 20 districts: $0.94 Note: There were 17 districts operating below Westonka and 3 above.Note: There are districts with Auditoriums and a pool and 2 sheets of ice included in the “below” numbers.

The average annual EUI per square foot for Westonka: 80.39Note: costs for the last 12 month period.

The average annual EUI per square foot for 20 districts: 72.53

The difference between the operational average and Westonka is: $0.21

There are 461,534 square feet in the district so the potential operational savings to “average”: $0.21 x 461,534 sf = $96,922 dollars annually

Some of the best performers include:Albert Lea ($0.67), Sartell ($0.78), Columbia Heights ($0.75), Austin ($0.77), Foley ($0.87), Buffalo ($0.90)

Note: Building age has very little to do with the potential performance. Data From 04/26/16

Review of the District’s Electric Bill alone netted over $9,000 in savings for a single month.Information provided by district’s business office




Ranking Among Districts of similar size (1.5 – 1.9 million sf)

1. District One – 60.53 (68 /197)

2. District Two – 61.84 (75/197)

3. District Three – 62.23 (77/197)

4. District Four – 63.80 (86/197)

5. District Five – 63.84 (87 /197)

6. District Six – 68.96 (107/197)

7. District Seven – 69.69 (109 /197)

8. District Eight – 74.33 (122 /197)

9. District Nine – 75.26 (130 /197)

10. District Ten – 75.97 (132 /197)

11. District Eleven – 76.63 (174 /197)

12. District Twelve – 135.72 (189/197)

Target: 62.25

Data From 04/26/16

B3 Benchmarking: Consumption vs Dollars

EUI: kBTU/sf/yr Dollars: $/sf/yr

Ranking Among Districts of similar size (1.5 – 1.9 million sf)

1. District Two – $0.83

2. District Five – $0.85

3. District One – $0.86

4. District Eleven – $0.90

5. District Three – $0.91

6. District Nine – $0.94

7. District 1Ten – $0.99

8. District Eight – $1.02

9. District Four – $1.02

10. District Six – $1.08

11. District Seven – $1.28

12. District Twelve – $1.76

Target: $0.78

Data From 04/26/16




Case Study – Reducing Peak LoadsElk River Public Schools

Considerations:

Can schedules be adjusted to avoid peak demand charges?

How long can we suspend system operation and maintain occupant comfort during occupied hours?

AHU start-up was shifted earlier and suspended during peak hours to avoid peak demand charges.

What is the value in investing in staff development and training for building engineers?

Elk River elementary school:

14% reduction in energy costs

$0 investments in the construction

6 months of staff mentorship

$34,000 in annual savings

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Two: Operational Assessments

Overlay the Use Patterns and Operations with Rate Structure

▪ Start-up and Shut Down (the lag time)

▪ Define Building/System Zones

Building Engineer/Staff Understanding and Training

▪ Building Automation Systems and Schedule

▪ Working with the User Groups and Utilities

Occupant Comfort and Behavior Techniques

▪ Thermal Comfort (can change over the day)

▪ Plug Loads and Advanced Power Strips

▪ Light Levels and Glare

▪ Acoustics and Sound Enhancements

▪ Computer Power Management (32% of office plug loads)




Making the Best Decisions

Every building is different. So, how do you know what is the best decision for the dollars invested?

Age of Building or

Addition

Percentage of Total

Square Feet

Accumaltive

Percentages

Pre - 1900 2.40% 2.40%

1900 - 1909 2.21% 4.61%

1910 - 1919 3.60% 8.21%

1920 - 1929 7.82% 16.03%

1930 - 1939 6.69% 22.72%

1940 - 1949 2.21% 24.93%

1950 - 1959 25.36% 50.29%

1960 - 1969 26.44% 76.73%

1970 - 1979 8.83% 85.56%

1980 - 1989 2.84% 88.40%

1990 - 1999 11.60% 100.00%

Information From: 2000 School Facility Report, Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction

Age of Facilities Summary

86% of schools are more than 25 years old

2005 study of school building age in Minnesota and Wisconsin



Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance CostsNorth St Paul, Maplewood, Oakdale Baseline

Building Consumption Compared Year to Year

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Above Average

Below Average




A simple look at the 15 districts of similar size found the following:

The average annual operating costs per square foot for NSP-M-O: $1.08Note: costs for the last 12 month period.

The average annual operating costs per square foot for 15 districts: $0.96

The average annual EUI per square foot for NSP-M-O: 68.96 kBTUNote: costs for the last 12 month period.

The average annual EUI per square foot for 15 districts: 68.41 kBTU

The difference between the operational average and ISD NSP-M-O: $0.12

There are 1,743,485 square feet in the district so the potential operational savings to “average”:

$0.12 x 1,743,485 sf = $209,218 dollars annually.

Some of the best performers include across the state:

Albert Lea ($0.67), Duluth ($0.75), Burnsville ($0.79),

Bloomington ($0.84), Eden Prairie ($0.82), Minnetonka ($0.87)

Note: Building age has very little to do with the potential performance.

Data From 04/26/16

One Third of the utilities are provided by a small cooperative which charges more per kW

Simple Example: North St Paul Maplewood Oakdale




Commissioning and Re-CommissioningEstablishes your current operational norm: above or below codeBecomes another piece of data to guide decision makingCan indicate a “building’s health contributor”

BenchmarkDoes not understand the code under-which your building operatesBenchmark is the lowest efficiency building allowed by code = student performance D-This is different than a Baseline which compares a building to itself

School District of Somerset Somerset, Wisconsin

Data from 2012 through 2015

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Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance CostsDistrict Performance

District Energy Consumption (kBtu/Square Foot) Compared Year to Year




District Costs (Dollars/Square Foot) Compared Year to Year




District Energy Consumption During Peak Demand Periods

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Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance CostsDistrict Building Performance Rank

Building by Building Peer Rankings

District Overall Performance




WHAT CHANGED!

Consider the variables:▪ Occupant Comfort: room temperature▪ Weather Conditions: weather normalization▪ System no longer working: maintenance▪ Changes in Program Schedules: operations▪ Staffing Changes: staff development

Before being addressed, changes in system operations cost the district over $34,000 in three years!



Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance CostsUsing The Benchmarking Tool

You Can Also Track Water and Sewer Data

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Building Code Changes that can Reduce Construction, Operations and Maintenance CostsThree: The Building and Systems

Understand the Building System and Program Relationships

▪ Understand the Relationship of All Systems and Materials

▪ Envelope 1st – Electrical Systems 2nd – Mechanical Systems 3rd

▪ Glass Types: glare, heat gain, and dust

▪ Kitchen: equipment, hoods, and make-up air systems

▪ Changing Systems Impacts: heat sink walls, geothermal, and comfort

The Mechanical System Strategies

▪ Commissioning and Determining System PotentialDesigned Occupant Loads vs Actual (posted) Occupant Loads

▪ “Rebates” Make It Difficult to not Focus on Mechanical SystemsRebates make is difficult to not focus on the Mechanical System,

▪ Performance Contracting

Calculating Long Term Payback: designing the largest system possible




Comprehensive Building Information Needed

First: Building Name and AddressThe Year the Building was Originally Constructed and Total Square FeetYears of any Additions with Additional Square Feet Added

Second: Total square feet for each of the following areas;Classrooms and OfficesCommon Areas: Hallways, Restrooms and LobbiesAuditorium, Cafeteria and GymnasiumKitchenEducational Labs: Science, Industrial Tech, GreenhouseMechanical SpacesComputer Center and Media CenterFitness Center and Locker RoomsIce ArenaPoolWarehouse and Garage

Lighted Parking Lots




B3 Benchmarking Utility Provider Information

Request from your utility provider the following in a Microsoft Excel format for all district owned properties that they are servicing. This information should be easily uploaded into the B3 Benchmarking program. Please ask for a minimum of three (3) years data.

NATURAL GAS, WATER and SEWERUtility Providers NamePremise numberMeter numberMonthly start date of meter readingMonthly end Date of meter readingTotal consumptionTotal cost

ELECTRICALUtility Providers NamePremise numberMeter numberMonthly start date of meter readingMonthly end Date of meter readingDemand readingDemand chargeTotal consumptionTotal cost

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Changes to Building Codes Which code you apply will allow for different design strategies and project processes. There is no longer a one size fits all application for the buildings.

Building and Energy Code Changes (ASHRAE 90.1 vs IECC 2012)

• Renovations/Additions to Existing BuildingsExemptions to Historic Structures

• Insulation Requirements• Air Barrier, Water Barrier and Vapor Barrier• Lighting and Plug Load Controls• Building and Systems Commissioning• R-Values, u-Values, Reflectivity, Shading Co-Efficient

NRFC Ratings for Windows and Doors• Limits to the Window Wall Ratios• Mandates for Energy Recovery• Re-Roofing Projects • Vestibules Locations• Lighting Control and Lighting Reduction

Other Governmental Manuals and Codes




Building Reclassification




Building Reclassification Benefits/Savings

Doors and Hardware Modifications • Fewer Doors with Fire/Smoke Gasketing

• Fewer Rated Doors, Frames and Hardware

Mechanical and Life Safety Systems Modifications• Elimination of Fire/Smoke Dampers

• Simplified Building Automation Systems

• Reduced Scope for Detection Systems

Other Operational and Maintenance Savings• Reduced Rated Penetrations Due to Fewer Rated Walls

• Fewer Inspections and Service Calls

Construction Savings are Now Possible with the Use of LTFM

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ISD 622 Savings Due to Building Reclassification

Cost to the District• Based on Building Size, Age and Complexity: $8,500 average

• 5 Buildings x $8,500 = $42,500 total costs

Construction Savings• Currently over $75,000 on just Five Buildings and Growing

Other Operational and Maintenance Savings• Three Elementary Schools: $5,000 per year savings

• One Middle School: $8,250 per year savings

• One High School: $22,500 per year savings

Total One Year Savings (construction and operations): $120,750




Questions and Answers

Troy W. Miller, AIA, REFPEducation Focus [email protected]: 612.766.2819Cell: 952.448.3357

B3 Partners:

B3 Benchmarking

GETTING STARTED WITH

Phil FisherOperations [email protected]: 612.562.4677




Well Building Design Standard

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With the rise in studies regarding teaching and learning, one of the greatest challenges is the level in Background NOISE. Areas of greatest impact include:

• Student Challengeso Special Needs Studentso English as Second Language

• Hearing Development

• Teacher Variableso Soft Spoken Individualso Suffering from Illness

• We Combat Noise with…..

MORE NOISE!!

http://tamco.com

Gymnasium: 48 to 52Classroom: 45 to 48Cafeteria: 76 to 78Hallways: 38 to 44Hand Dryer: 92 to 97

Note: LHB measured background noise levelsFor these reasons and others, many states (including Minnesota) are requiring background noise levels in learning spaces to be 35 dB or less.

Background Noise Levels




Mechanical Systems PerformanceMechanical Systems are the most critical component regarding occupant comfort. Systems should consider:

• System Typeso Unit Ventilatorso Central VAV/Constant Volumeo Displacement and Radiant

• Consistent and Constant Temperatureo Space Heights and Floor Areao Heating vs Cooling

• Limited Drafts and Uncomfortably Cold Surfaceso Radiant Heat vs Forced Airo Heat Sinks vs Insulated Structures

• Reduce Air and System Noiseso Background Noises Impact Learning (33db background)

• Indoor Air Qualityo Stale Air vs Sick Air (human illnesses)o Molds and Other Unwanted Growthso Cleaning Practices are a Big Challenge

http://www.iklimnet.com




Daylighting Analysis and Design Options

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Lighting Systems

http://tse4.mm.bing.net

LED Lighting (Light Emitting Diode)

The technology first because utilized in 1968 and the first large scale lighting application in 2003.

Advantages• Operations: Installation, Pay-Back, Warranty, Security• Efficiency: Size, Dimming, Focus, Maintenance• 3.5 times Bulb/System Life: 42,500 hours vs 12,500 hours

o LED vs Incandescent: 85% Reduction in Carbono LED vs Fluorescent: 34% Reduction in Energy

• Occupant Comfort: Color of Light, Flicker, Ballast Buzzo Occupant Headaches and Impacts to Special Needs Students

• Daylight Harvesting: Every Fixture can be Addressableo Teaching Tools and Community Communication Tool

Disadvantages• Operations: Heat

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